Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Data Files”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Epidemiology of suicide in Israel: a nationwide population study.

BACKGROUND: In Israel, some population characteristics and lifestyle patterns make epidemiological research on suicide of particular interest. The Israeli population is characterized by ethnic diversity, with a multi-religious, multi-national mosaic of Jews and Arabs. These subgroups also vary in their suicidal behavior. The aims of the present study were to examine the trends in suicide incidence rates in Israel from 1984 to 1994, to identify sub-populations at high risk for suicide and to identify suicide methods associated with increased risk. METHODS: Suicide rate trends in Israel over the period from 1984 to 1994 were examined for four subgroups: Jewish men and women, and Arab men and women. Cases of undetermined external cause (UEC) of death were also considered. Mortality data were obtained from the computerized data files of the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, which includes cause of death and sociodemographic variables. Suicide was classified according to the ICD-9 codes. RESULTS: Suicide rates were higher for Jews than for Arabs, and higher for men than for women. The rates among both population and sex groups increased directly with age. A significant increase over the years studied was found for Jewish men, particularly in the 18- to 21-year-old age group. An increase in the use of firearms was noted, mainly in the groups in which total suicide rates increased. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlight the need for further studies to identify both sub-populations at high risk for suicide, and societal trends such as lifestyles, immigration, military service, and media exposure to violence, as first steps toward planning of intervention programs to reduce suicide rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The impact of compliance with osteoporosis therapy on fracture rates in actual practice.

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have demonstrated that drug therapy can reduce osteoporosis-related fracture risk in women over 50 years of age. Noncompliance could considerably limit the effectiveness observed in actual practice, however. The objective of this study was therefore to estimate fracture risk in relation to compliance with osteoporosis medication in actual practice. METHODS: Demographic, prescription drug use, physician services, and hospitalization information for women with osteoporosis who were dispensed an osteoporosis medication between 1996 and 2001 was obtained from the Saskatchewan health data files. Compliance to treatment was defined as drug available to cover 80% of the time. Subsequent fractures were identified via hospitalizations or physician contacts with a relevant diagnostic or procedure code. The risk of fractures in relation to compliance was examined using a Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates. The impact of other patient characteristics, including age, having suffered a prior fracture, and prior use of osteoporosis medication and steroids, was also examined. RESULTS: 11,249 women suffering from osteoporosis were identified with a mean age at the time of the index prescription of 68.4 years and average follow-up of 2 years. The overall fracture rate was 4.5% per year. Patients who complied experienced a 16% lower fracture rate. This association was maintained within subgroups and after controlling for other patient characteristics that independently predict the fracture rate. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that improving compliance in actual practice may significantly decrease osteoporosis-related fracture risk.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiological estimates of risk in the process of becoming dependent upon cocaine: cocaine hydrochloride powder versus crack cocaine.

RATIONALE: To estimate the risk of experiencing clinical features of cocaine dependence within 1-2 years of starting cocaine use, and to examine whether crack smoking might increase this risk. METHODS: A national sample of recent-onset cocaine users was identified within public data files of the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) for the years 1995 through 1998. The sample included 572 recent-onset users of cocaine HCl powder but not crack, and 190 recent-onset users of crack, some of whom had also started use of cocaine powder no more than 23 months prior to assessment. A separate group of 93 recent-onset crack users was identified; this comparison group had started using cocaine HCl powder 2+ years before assessment. Cocaine dependence was assessed via seven standardized questions about clinical features experienced within 12 months of assessment, such as feeling unable to cut down. Multivariate response regressions were used to evaluate crack-associated excess risk and clinical profiles of cocaine dependence. RESULTS: Among persons who had recently started to use cocaine HCl powder but not crack cocaine, about 5-12% experienced clinical features of cocaine dependence. Most clinical features occurred 2-3 times more often among crack smoking users as compared to those using powder only, even with statistical adjustment for frequency of cocaine use ( P<0.01). This crack-associated excess risk is more prominent for several clinical features of cocaine dependence, including tolerance associated with cocaine use and narrowed behavioral repertoire attributed to cocaine use. CONCLUSIONS: This new epidemiological evidence suggests that crack-smoking may increase risk of cocaine dependence once cocaine use starts, but we cannot rule out the possibility that crack users start out with a greater susceptibility to become cocaine dependent.

Cocaine↗
PubMed2004

Compact program resolves overlapping voltammetric peaks.

A simple self-contained program designed to separate overlapping peaks from electrochemical analyses is presented. Combining an original interactive way to define initial parameter estimates with nonlinear curve fitting based on the simplex method of optimization, it allows the user to resolve voltammograms consisting of 2 to 5 analytical peaks raised on a straight base line. The program provides highly intuitive interface, easy operation, and straightforward result documentation. A free package including the program, three data files and user instructions is available on request.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Correlations between vitamin D status and biochemical/clinical and pathological parameters in primary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the effects of vitamin D status on parathyroid adenoma weight, clinical and biochemical indices in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) were studied. METHODS: Eighty patients with pHPT who underwent surgical treatment and in whom the presence of parathyroid adenoma were confirmed histopathologically were studied retrospectively from recorded data files. Patients were divided into three groups: patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations < 15 ng/ml (group 1, n = 44), patients with 25-OHD concentrations > 15-25 ng/ml (group 2, n = 9), and patients with 25-OHD concentrations > 26 ng/ml (group 3, n = 27). Serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and albumin levels and urinary calcium excretion were determined by auto-analyzer. Plasma 25-OHD and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were determined by immunoradiometric assay using commercially available kits. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed with respect to serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and creatinine concentrations between these groups. Serum PTH, alkaline phosphatase concentrations, urinary calcium excretion, parathyroid adenoma weight, and postoperative sixth month PTH concentrations were significantly higher in group 1 patients than in group 2 and group 3 patients. Significant correlations were observed between parathyroid adenoma weight and serum 25-OHD concentrations (r = -0.348, P = 0.020); parathyroid adenoma weight and urinary calcium excretion (r = 0.348, P = 0.021). Multiple regression analysis revealed that parathyroid adenoma weight, serum 25-OHD, and preoperative PTH concentrations correlated independently and significantly with postoperative sixth month PTH concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency leads to more severe bone disease, increased parathyroid tumor growth, and delayed postoperative recovery of parathyroid function in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

Partition of old murein in small patches over the entire wall of E. coli cells forced to grow as a coccoid.

With the development of a technique to visualize the ages of different portions of the sacculus, De Pedro et al. showed that the sacculus of Escherichia coli was tripartite: (i) the establish poles contained only old wall, (ii) the nascent poles (or septa) were composed entirely of new murein, and (iii) the elongating cylindrical wall was a mixture of patches of both old and new peptidoglycan. This short note presents a computer analysis of data files of work presented in the recent paper by De Pedro et al. of the growth pattern of the wall of E. coli forced to grow in a quite unusual morphology as large spheres in the presence of mecillinam. Compared with rod-shaped cells, only very small patches (spikes) of old wall were retained interspersed with new murein during the conversion to large spheroids. This subdivision appeared to be the case for both the previous wall of the poles, which are ordinarily retained intact, and the previous patches retained within the cylindrical wall. These very small patches after the conversion to spheroids were much smaller than the sidewall patches in rod-shaped cells reported previously. This implies that the mechanism that prevents the insertion of new wall into both the wall of the poles and the old wall patches of the sidewall in the presence of mecillinam is superseded by insertion throughout the old wall. The work in the De Pedro et al. paper from 2001 was done with cells of same strain as in the earlier papers with rod-shaped cells, so the results of computer analysis of the fluorescence micrographs can be critically compared.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1997

The risk of occupational rhinitis.

OBJECTIVE: Reports on the aetiology and risk of occupational rhinitis in different occupations are scarce. METHOD: The purpose of this study was to find the occupations with an increased risk of occupational rhinitis. Age and gender differences in occupational rhinitis and occupational asthma were also compared, and the most common causes of occupational rhinitis were analysed. DESIGN: This study covered the cases of occupational rhinitis and asthma reported to the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases during the years 1986-1991. The cases on the Register were linked to the longitudinal census data file from the Finnish censuses. RESULTS: During 1986-1991, 1244 new cases of occupational rhinitis (474 women and 497 men) and 1867 new cases of occupational asthma (916 women and 951 men) were reported to the Register. Animal dander, flours, wood dusts, textiles, phthalic acid anhydrides and storage mites were important causes of occupational rhinitis. The highest relative risk of occupational rhinitis was among furriers, the age-standardized rate ratio (SRR) was 30.0. Bakers and livestock breeders had also a markedly elevated relative risk (SRR = 22.0). Men had the highest incidence of occupational rhinitis at the age of 25-29 years and among women the incidence gradually increased and reached the peak in the group 40-44 years of age. CONCLUSION: Furriers, bakers, and livestock breeders had the most elevated relative risk of occupational rhinitis. Occupational rhinitis cases reported at a younger age than asthma, suggesting that rhinitis often precedes asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Intracranial pressure parameters in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients treated with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts.

BACKGROUND: Although the mean intracranial pressure (ICP) is normal in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), there could possibly be alterations in their single ICP waves. METHOD: Thirty-nine consecutive patients treated for iNPH with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts were followed prospectively with regard to clinical and radiological findings. Changes in clinical state 12 months after shunt surgery were assessed as change on a 15-3 score NPH Grading Scale, while the changes in ventricular size were assessed by linear measures. The ICP recordings were performed as part of routine pre-operative assessment, stored as raw data files, and analyzed retrospectively. The mean ICP as well as single ICP wave amplitudes were computed and analysed in consecutive 6 second time windows. FINDINGS: Twelve months after shunt surgery, changes in NPH score of 5 or more (very significant improvement) were observed in 12 patients (31%), of 3 to 4 (significant improvement) in 6 patients (15%), of 1 to 2 (slight improvement) in 9 patients (23%) and of -4 to 0 (non-responders) in 12 patients (31%). The ventricular size did not change in any of the outcome categories. While the pre-operative mean ICP was similar between outcome groups, the mean ICP wave amplitude was significantly higher in patients improving clinically as compared to the non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: While pre-operative mean ICP was similar, the mean ICP wave amplitudes were significantly higher in iNPH patients improving clinically after shunt treatment as compared to the non-responders.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Intracranial pressure levels and single wave amplitudes, Glasgow Coma Score and Glasgow Outcome Score after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

OBJECT: To relate intracranial pressure (ICP) levels and single ICP wave amplitudes to the acute clinical state (Glasgow Coma Score, GCS) and final clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score, GOS) in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients with severe SAH had their ICP and arterial blood pressure (ABP) continuously monitored during days 1-6 after SAH. The acute clinical state could be assessed in 11 non-sedated cases using the Glasgow Coma Scale, while outcome was assessed in all cases after 6 months using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The ICP/ABP recordings were stored as raw data files and analyzed retrospectively. For every consecutive 6 seconds time window, mean ICP, mean cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and the mean ICP wave amplitude were computed. RESULTS: The GCS during days 1-6 after SAH was significantly related to the mean ICP wave amplitude, but not to the mean ICP or mean CPP. There was also a strong relationship between the mean ICP wave amplitude and GOS 6 months after SAH, with mean ICP wave amplitudes being significantly lower in those with moderate disability/good recovery, as compared with those with severe disability and death. Mean ICP was significantly higher in those who died than in the group with moderate disability/good recovery whereas mean CPP was not different between outcome groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this small patient group the mean ICP wave amplitude during days 1-6 after SAH was related to the acute clinical state (GCS) as well as to the clinical outcome (GOS) 6 months after SAH. Similar relationships were not found for mean ICP or the mean CPP, except for a higher mean ICP in those who died than in those with moderate disability/good recovery.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Intraoperative adverse events in minor oral surgery. Risk analysis].

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate oral surgical procedures performed as day surgery under local anesthesia. We examined patients' general condition, and besides checking for intraoperative complications we analyzed postoperative bleeding in patients with hemostatic disorders. PATIENTS: The patient population consisted of 1540 patients (797 female, 743 male), who underwent a total of 2055 minor oral surgical procedures over a 5-year period (1998-2002). Before the treatment started a data file was made for each patient, which contained information on his or her past medical history, concomitant medication, why the operation was indicated, premedication, anesthetic and surgical techniques applied, and postoperative treatment. RESULTS: Systemic pathologies influencing surgical decisions were found in 316 patients (20.5%), affecting 676 interventions (32.9%). In 109 patients (5.3% of the 2055) altered hemostasis was found. The surgical procedures recorded were: (operative) tooth extraction (n=394), interventions for surgical conservation of teeth (n=272), treatment for cysts (n=140), surgical revisions (n=46) and preprosthetic surgery (n=19). Passing complications, mostly systemic in nature, occurred during 27 sessions of local anesthesia (1.3%). There were 87 adverse events intraoperatively (4,2%), most of which were confined to the surgical field; specifically 15% of these complications took the form of hemorrhage. We observed no significant correlation between the occurrence of intraoperative complications and patients' gender, predisposing systemic pathologies including bleeding disorders, or age. Postoperative hemorrhage was observed significantly more frequently in patients with impaired hemostasis and required admission to hospital for inpatient treatment in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: According to our investigation, oral surgery can be performed in patients with compromised general condition with as few intraoperative complications as in patients with no general medical problems. However, in individual cases specific risk factors can be present and oral surgery may be temporarily contraindicated, at least as day surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of the malformation of ductal plate of the liver in Meckel syndrome and review of other syndromes presenting with this anomaly.

Meckel syndrome (MIM 249.000) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a variable spectrum of anomalies. Since the first reports of this syndrome, very broad diagnostic criteria have been proposed, but the process of defining them continues. It is probable that at least two of three manifestations, including cystic kidney dysplasia, occipital encephalocele or other anomaly of the central nervous system, and postaxial polydactyly occur in most cases. Arrest of the development of intrahepatic bile ducts at the stage of the bilaminar plate formation or ductal plate malformation is considered of high diagnostic value in Meckel syndrome, but there is no complete agreement in the literature about its occurrence. The aims of this investigation were to study the prevalence and morphologic patterns of ductal plate malformation of the liver in Meckel syndrome by evaluating the dilatation of primitive biliary structures and the increase in connective tissue of the portal tract. Archival data files from four German centers (Berlin, Freiburg, Heidelberg, Mainz) were reviewed. Liver sections of 30 well-studied fetuses with Meckel syndrome were immunostained with antibodies against cytokeratins (intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton) and factor VIII (an endothelial cell marker) and were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Cystic kidney dysplasia, occipital encephalocele, and postaxial polydactyly were found in 100%, 90%, and 83.3% of the fetuses, respectively. Ductal plate malformation of the liver was a constant anomaly in Meckel syndrome, seen as frequently as renal lesions. We observed essentially two kinds of hepatic lesions: 23 cases showed mainly a cystic dilatation of primitive biliary structures with little portal fibrosis, while 7 cases showed mainly rings of interrupted curved lumina around a central fibrovascular axis and pronounced portal fibrosis. In these seven cases an abnormal pattern of the portal vein, with many small and closely spaced branches of the portal vein (the so-called pollard willow pattern), was also seen. With respect to other fetal developmental anomalies, no difference between the two types of lesions was found. We also provide a potentially useful comprehensive review of other genetic syndromes in which ductal plate malformations may occur.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2006

Prostate cancer incidence and intake of fruits, vegetables and related micronutrients: the multiethnic cohort study* (United States).

OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between the intake of fruits, vegetables, and related vitamins and antioxidants, and the risk of prostate cancer in male participants in a large multiethnic cohort study. METHODS: Food and nutrient intakes in 1993-1996 were calculated from a detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to account for the food and nutrient intake of the ethnic groups represented in the study (82,486 African-American, Japanese-American, Native-Hawaiian, Latino and White males included here). Follow-up for incident cancers utilized local SEER registries. Vital status was ascertained using state death files. Data on PSA utilization from a later questionnaire was also examined. RESULTS: A total of 3,922 incident cancer cases were ascertained during follow-up. Modestly increased risks of prostate cancer were observed in relation to higher intakes of several food items including light green lettuce and dark leafy green vegetables. Notably, no significant protective associations of any foods were seen, including tomato intake; and intakes of two complex foods containing tomato sauce (pizza and Spanish rice) were associated with modest increases in risk. PSA test use was significantly and positively related to intake of some of these same items, implying a degree of disease detection-bias. Analysis of non-localized and high grade disease (1,345 cases) showed no significant protective associations with overall fruits and vegetables intake, related micronutrients, or with intake of selected complex food items. CONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant evidence of a protective effect against prostate cancer of higher levels of intake of any of these foods, associated micronutrients or supplements. A possible explanation for the positive associations with risk of several of the foods normally considered to be healthy is detection bias, since "healthy" dietary intake was related to greater use of the PSA test.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2004

Longitudinal analysis of efficiency in multiple output dialysis markets.

Provider efficiency in the dialysis industry in the U.S.A. has been of great interest for a variety of parties mainly because of the continuing growth in the number of such patients and providers and in the industry's costs. This study examined technical efficiency longitudinally among the multiple-output producers of freestanding facilities, as the dominant group of providers, using the DEA-based Malmquist index. Nationally representative data were obtained from Independent Renal Facility Cost Report Data Files for the years 1994 through 2000. The resulting sample comprised 140 facilities that had operated throughout the seven study years and jointly produced all dialysis outputs with nonzero inputs. The results show that over the period 1994-2000, on average multi-output, freestanding dialysis facilities did not achieve improvement in productivity. Decomposition of the Malmquist productivity indices showed improvement in technical efficiency but at the same time regress in technologies with potential to improve their quality of care. Negative change in technology was the major source of negative movement in productivity. The study concludes that under the fixed-price payment policy, multiple dialysis outputs are produced efficiently, but it may be that the quality of care is being sacrificed.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2006

Labor force activity among Australians with musculoskeletal disorders comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders.

AIM: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a leading cause of work-related disability. This investigation explored the impact of MSD comorbid with depression and anxiety disorders, on labor force activity. METHODS: The Australian Bureau of Statistics provided confidentialized data files collected from a household sample of 37,580 people. MSD, affective, and anxiety disorders were identified and employment restrictions were assessed at four levels of severity. RESULTS: Anxiety and depression of six months duration was present in 12.1% of people with MSD. Comorbidity magnified the negative impacts of single conditions on labor force activity. Most at risk were people with back problems and comorbid depression, people with arthritis or other MSD and comorbid anxiety, males with MSD and comorbid depression, and females with MSD and comorbid anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the occupational rehabilitation needs of people with MSD comorbid with depression or anxiety may currently be underestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Life-threatening and disabling injuries in car-to-car side impacts--implications for development of protective systems.

Improvements to the passive safety of cars in lateral collisions are of great importance. This study of injuries in car side collisions in Sweden by the use of two evaluation methods has been performed to establish the basis for future development of protective systems for this type of accident. The Folksam car accident data file has been used. Injuries were found to be twice as common for near-side than for far-side* occupants in car to car impacts. Serious to fatal (AIS 3-6) injuries to belted front seat occupants in near side impacts (10% of all injuries) were compared with the estimated number of injuries to different parts of the body with risk of serious consequences (RSC)--either deaths or permanent disabilities (4.5% of all injuries). The two injury evaluation methods resulted in different ranking orders. AIS 3-6 injuries were received by the chest (37%), abdomen/pelvis (25%), and the head (15%). The RSC method gave a ranking order of head (25%), neck (21%), leg (15%), chest (14%), and abdomen/pelvis (11%). The method of evaluating AIS 3-6 injuries emphasizes only the threat to life. The RSC method also takes into account the risk of disabilities. Injuries to the neck and the leg were found to be most disabling, whilst the injuries to the head, chest, and abdomen/pelvis were the most life threatening. The study also shows that elderly people receive significantly more chest injuries (relative to the number of head injuries), on average four times more than young people.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Prenatal WIC participation can reduce low birth weight and newborn medical costs: a cost-benefit analysis of WIC participation in North Carolina.

A number of previous studies have found that prenatal participation in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) improves birth outcomes, but only a few studies have provided cost-benefit analyses. The present study linked Medicaid and WIC data files to birth certificates for live births in North Carolina in 1988. Women who received Medicaid benefits and prenatal WIC services had substantially lower rates of low and very low birth weight than did women who received Medicaid but not prenatal WIC. Among white women, the rate of low birth weight was 22% lower for WIC participants and the rate of very low birth weight was 44% lower; among black women, these rates were 31% and 57% lower, respectively, for the WIC participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that prenatal participation in a WIC program reduced the rate of low birth weight. It was estimated that for each $1.00 spent on WIC services, Medicaid savings in costs for newborn medical care were $2.91. A higher level of WIC participation was associated with better birth outcomes and lower costs. These results indicate that prenatal WIC participation can effectively reduce low birth weight and newborn medical care costs among infants born to women in poverty.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1986

A new approach to stratified normal intraocular pressure in a general population.

Using computer-filed data for approximately 187,000 eyes of 94,000 Japanese subjects who underwent automated multiphasic tests, we studied the mean and the upper limit of intraocular pressure by stratifying the whole sample by age, systolic blood pressure, and degree of obesity. Intraocular pressure increased when systolic blood pressure or obesity increased and intraocular pressure decreased with advancing age when systolic blood pressure and the degree of obesity were kept constant. Apparent disparities in the upper limit of intraocular pressure were noted between the "obese and hypertensive" and "lean and hypotensive" groups, who were at the highest and the lowest extremes, respectively. Stratified normal intraocular pressure is a standard specifically applied for different sex, age, or other systemic conditions; however, the values for the group with the highest intraocular pressure should eventually be modified by the data for Western populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Interactive simulator for pharmacokinetics of repetitive drug dosing.

DRUGSIM is a highly interactive program allowing simulation of the effects of repeated drug administration by a variety of routes on plasma concentrations of drugs over a period of time. Drug parameters are read from a data file; prescriptions are obtained from the user at various points during run time. The results for one or two compartment pharmacokinetics are plotted on a storage display tube, and the user is queried for further prescriptions. Simulation involves a point-slope method with a variable time step. The program is written in Fortran IV and run on a DEC PDP-10 computer using a Computek 611 display terminal.

Administration, Oral↗