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PubMed1985

Light microscope based analysis of three-dimensional structure: applications to the study of Drosophila salivary gland nuclei. I. Data collection and analysis.

Many biological structures of interest are large enough that they may be viewed by light microscope methods, yet they are sufficiently complicated that interpretation of what is seen is quite difficult. The salivary gland nuclei from Dipterans are an example of this. Previous attempts at determining the path of the giant chromosomes in these nuclei have depended on the laborious construction of models by hand. A unified Computer Aided Modelling and Analysis system (CAMA) has been implemented, allowing data collection and analysis of structures visible by light microscopy. This system is extendible to the analysis of electron micrographs of serial sections or of other data consisting of images present in a stack.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Physical restraint use among nursing home residents: A comparison of two data collection methods.

BACKGROUND: In view of the issues surrounding physical restraint use, it is important to have a method of measurement as valid and reliable as possible. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of physical restraint use a) reported by nursing staff and b) reviewed from medical and nursing records in nursing home settings, by comparing these methods with direct observation. METHODS: We sampled eight care units in skilled nursing homes, seven care units in nursing homes and one long-term care unit in a hospital, from eight facilities which included 28 nurses and 377 residents. Physical restraint use was assessed the day following three periods of direct observation by two different means: interview with one or several members of the regular nursing staff, and review of medical and nursing records. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated according to 2-by-2 contingency tables. Differences between the methods were assessed using the phi coefficient. Other information collected included: demographic characteristics, disruptive behaviors, body alignment problems, cognitive and functional skills. RESULTS: Compared to direct observation (gold standard), reported restraint use by nursing staff yielded a sensitivity of 87.4% at a specificity of 93.7% (phi = 0.84). When data was reviewed from subjects' medical and nursing records, sensitivity was reduced to 74.8%, and specificity to 86.3% (phi = 0.54). Justifications for restraint use including risk for falls, agitation, body alignment problems and aggressiveness were associated with the use of physical restraints. CONCLUSIONS: The interview of nursing staff and the review of medical and nursing records are both valid and reliable techniques for measuring physical restraint use among nursing home residents. Higher sensitivity and specificity values were achieved when nursing staff was interviewed as compared to reviewing medical records. This study suggests that the interview of nursing staff is a more reliable method of data collection.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Data collection by acute pain services in Australia and New Zealand.

Forty-three Acute Pain Service units in Australia and New Zealand were surveyed regarding data they collected on their daily rounds. The survey sought to determine what data each unit actually collected and what they considered to be a set of data that would be an acceptable minimal standard for the purpose of audit. The scoring or scaling mechanisms that were used in auditing the various parameters were also ascertained in an attempt to derive a consistent means of comparing data from the various Acute Pain Service groups. The Acute Pain Special Interest Group is currently developing suggestions for a standard data set and associated scoring mechanisms in line with the results of this survey.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Identifying problems with data collection at a local level: survey of NHS maternity units in England.

OBJECTIVES: To document the extent to which maternity data are collected and how they are recorded, and to identify problems that may affect their availability throughout the NHS. METHODS: Postal survey in September 1997 with structured questionnaires. SETTING: 207 NHS trusts with maternity units in England. PARTICIPANTS: Heads of midwifery in maternity units. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Extent to which maternity data were routinely recorded, how they were recorded and evaluated, and to whom they were made available. RESULTS: 167 (81%) of questionnaires were returned, representing 166 trusts. Of these trusts, 165 collected >/=17 of the 19 data items in HES maternity tail, and 158 collected >/=40 of the 45 items selected from Körner dataset. Only 18 collected all five items selected from the "indicators of success," and 17 did not collect any. In 58 of trusts data were primarily recorded on paper. A computerised maternity information system was used by 106 (63%) of trusts, but many recorded data on paper first. Thirty four did not audit data for accuracy. Most trusts analysed data not routinely collected at national level, but 18 did not analyse HES maternity tail and 17 did not analyse Körner data. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement is needed in quality, completeness, and availability of maternity data at a national level, particularly if the NHS information strategy is to be successfully implemented. Although most of the data items in national datasets are recorded locally, variations in the way data are defined, recorded, and analysed and lack of linkage between computer systems restrict their access, availability, and use at local, district, and national levels.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1999

MAD data collection - current trends.

The multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method of protein structure determination is becoming a routine technique in protein crystallography. The increased number of wavelength-tuneable synchrotron beamlines capable of performing challenging MAD experiments, coupled with the widespread availability of charge-coupled device (CCD) based X-ray detectors with fast read-out times have brought MAD structure determination to a new exciting level. Ultrafast MAD data collection is now possible and, with the widespread use of selenium in the form of selenomethionine for phase determination, the method is growing in popularity. Recent developments in crystallographic software are complementing the above advances, paving the way for rapid protein structure determination. An overview of a typical MAD experiment is described, with emphasis on the rates and quality of data acquisition now achievable at third-generation synchrotron sources.

Chaperonins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrospective data collection and analytical techniques for patient safety studies.

To enhance patient safety, data about actual clinical events must be collected and scrutinized. This paper has two purposes. First, it provides an overview of some of the methods available to collect and analyze retrospective data about medical errors, near misses, and other relevant patient safety events. Second, it introduces a methodological approach that focuses on non-routine events (NRE), defined as all events that deviate from optimal clinical care. In intermittent in-person surveys of anesthesia providers, 75 of 277 (27%) recently completed anesthetic cases contained a non-routine event (98 total NRE). Forty-six of the cases (17%) had patient impact while only 20 (7%) led to patient injury. In contrast, in the same hospitals over a two-year period, we collected event data on 135 cases identified with traditional quality improvement processes (event incidence of 0.7-2.7%). In these quality improvement cases, 120 (89%) had patient impact and 74 (55%) led to patient injury. Preliminary analyses not only illustrate some of the analytical methods applicable to safety data but also provide insight into the potential value of the non-routine event approach for the early detection of risks to patient safety before serious patient harm occurs.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1990

Data collection in studies of life events and the harmful use of alcohol.

Although stressful life events have been found to play a role in the development of a number of physical and psychiatric disorders, the research into their influence upon the harmful use of alcohol has been inconsistent. The published studies are reviewed in terms of the methods employed in data collection. It is concluded that a true test of the hypothesis that life events play an aetiological role in the development of the harmful use of alcohol has yet to be carried out, since valid and reliable techniques have not been used in assessing both life events and the onset of harmful use in any one study. Alternative procedures are suggested for use in future research.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Public health data collection and sharing using HIPAA messages.

Public health information has significant value for doctors, public health officials, epidemiological researchers, the general public, and government agencies. Unfortunately, these data are difficult to obtain and are typically collected on as-needed basis and maintained locally. This localized process unavoidably limits the access to important public health data by its users. Moreover, the diversity of data transmission standards and collection techniques make the collected data less usable. This paper proposes a new standardized public health information system based on the HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) messages, which are the standard transactions between hospitals and insurance companies. In particular, this paper explores the applicability of HIPAA messages as a data source and transmission standard, and proposes a prototype design of a new system to collect and share public health data using HIPAA messages.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2001

Sexual orientation data collection and progress toward Healthy People 2010.

Without scientifically obtained data and published reports, it is difficult to raise awareness and acquire adequate resources to address the health concerns of lesbian, gay, and bisexual Americans. The Department of Health and Human Services must recognize gaps in its information systems regarding sexual orientation data and take immediate steps to monitor and eliminate health disparities as delineated in Healthy People 2010. A paper supported by funding from the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation explores these concerns and suggests that the department (1) create work groups to examine the collection of sexual orientation data; (2) create a set of guiding principles to govern the process of selecting standard definitions and measures; (3) recognize that racial/ethnic, immigrant-status, age, socioeconomic, and geographic differences must be taken into account when standard measures of sexual orientation are selected; (4) select a minimum set of standard sexual orientation measures; and (5) develop a long-range strategic plan for the collection of sexual orientation data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Use of palm-top computers within the scope of medical data collection and quality assurance].

Computerisation of the medical profession is advancing particularly as the reform of the German medical system is underway and efforts to maintain high quality standards are being made. More and more clinics and private physicians store the data, which they collect in their daily work, in digital form and exchange it via electronic networks. But lacking overall concepts and resistance from monopolistic structures prevent the introduction of innovative technologies, which would allow convenient data collection "on the fly", patterned after proven work routines. This could lead to a real relief from the daily paper work. New approaches using available hard- and software developed abroad demonstrate medical palmtop computing on the Apple Newton.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2004

Crystallization and high-resolution X-ray diffraction data collection of an Asp49 PLA2 from Bothrops jararacussu venom both in the presence and absence of Ca2+ ions.

Snake venom PLA(2)s have been extensively studied due to their role in mediating and disrupting physiological processes such as coagulation, platelet aggregation and myotoxicity. The Ca(2+) ion bound to the putative calcium-binding loop is essential for hydrolytic activity. We report the crystallization in the presence and absence of Ca(2+) and X-ray diffraction data collection at 1.60 angstroms (with Ca(2+)) and 1.36 angstroms (without Ca(2+)) of an Asp49 PLA(2) from Bothrops jararacussu venom. The crystals belong to orthorhombic space group C222(1). Initial refinement and electron density analysis indicate significant conformational changes upon Ca(2+) binding.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Prediction of premature pension after stationary rehabilitation due to adipositas--a prognostic model based on routinely collected data of the State Insurance Institution of Baden-Württemberg].

Up to 60 % of the German population can be marked as obese. Due is to its frequency and its associated diseases like cardiovascular disorders and disorders of the musculoskeletal system adipositas is a severe burden on the German health care system. This burden is caused by costs of the disease and costs due to premature pensioning. In this study logistic regression modelling has been performed by means of routinely collected data of patients of the regional statutory pension insurance institute Landesversicherungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg (LVA-BW) rehabilitated due to adipositas (n = 599). The aim was to detect influential variables for the prognosis of premature pensioning (n = 135). The data of the patients were obtained from a research database of the "RehaNet" project which includes data of the standardized discharge report of the Federation of German Pension Insurance Institutes and quality assurance questionnaires of the LVA-BW. Three variables remain in the model after a step-down procedure for modelling by logistic regression. The selected variables are age (in years), the physician's statement about the patients limitations of movement after rehabilitation (yes/no) and about the patients ability to work in future (more/less than half-day). After internal validation of the model by bootstrap methods the model achieves a sensitivity of 73 %, a specificity of 87 %, a positive and a negative predictive value of 57 and 93 % respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC analysis is 0.87, so the model achieves a good prognostic value. Thus, this model is a valuable test for the exclusion of possible premature pension while or after rehabilitation due to adipositas. It was found that the situation of "no premature pensioning" of patients rehabilitated due to adipositas can be predicted quite accurately with little information (three variables). This reveals a perspective for further research in the possibility of an early, risk-adapted and individualised intervention after stationary rehabilitation for adipositas to keep employment.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1984

[Respiratory pathology in occupational medicine: evaluation of 3 methods of data collection and research on risk factors].

Three methods of gathering data of respiratory symptoms (using a self questionnaire, a detailed interview and a shortened interview) were compared in 4.206 construction workers in different branches of their profession. There was non significant difference between the replies given, in either sex, to the self questionnaire and those given in the detailed interview by employees of the research bureau. The comparison between the long and the short interview, carried out on the painters, plumbers, carpenters and brick-layers did not show any difference for those questions asked in the same manner in the two documents. On the other hand the question relating to intrathoracic wheezing, which was more condensed in the shortened interview, did not have the same degree of affirmative replies. The replies concerning cough and expectoration obtained by the two methods enabled a comparison to be made between prevalance of chronic bronchitis in the different occupations. This pathology was most frequently seen amongst bricklayers and painters. Other factors (nationality, age, smoking habits) were also linked to chronic bronchitis. Taking all these factors into account has not weakened the link between chronic bronchitis and occupation.

Adult↗