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PubMed2003

Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings on excised burn-wounds in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings in the acceleration of epithelialization in excised burn-wounds in rats. METHODS: Each of the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) was subjected to a third-degree burn that covered approximately 10% of the total body surface area. Rats were assigned into four groups: Group I (no irrigation), Group II (irrigation with physiologic saline), Group III (irrigation with EOW) and Group IV (hydrocolloid occlusive dressing after EOW irrigation). Wounds were observed macroscopically until complete epithelialization was present, then the epithelialized wounds were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Healing of the burn wounds was the fastest in Group IV treated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing together with EOW. Although extensive regenerative epidermis was seen in each Group, the proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages associated with dense collagen deposition were more extensive in Group II, III and IV than in Group I. These findings were particularly evident in Group III and IV. CONCLUSIONS: Wound Healing may be accelerated by applying a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing on burn surfaces after they are cleaned with EOW.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The application of foam dressings.

Foam dressings are used for their absorbency and ability to conform to a wound. The way they handle fluid varies between brands. Simple foam dressings allow fluid to pass straight through while maintaining non-adherent contact with the wound. Other foams absorb fluid within the structure of the dressing and have horizontal wicking which spreads the fluid throughout the dressing, allowing greater absorbency (Thomas, 1990).

Absorption↗
PubMed2003

Preparing the wound for healing: the effect of activated polyacrylate dressing on debridement.

Activated polyacrylate dressings facilitate wound debridement by retaining moisture while attracting and retaining proteins and bacteria. A 55-patient retrospective study was conducted to quantify the effect of this dressing on debridement of chronic wounds in clinical practice. All patients attended one of four outpatient wound clinics between June 1, 2001 and February 10, 2002 and received treatment with the polyacrylate dressing for an average of 3.9 weeks (SD 4.1). During that time, the rate of wound necrotic tissue debridement was 37.7% per week. Older patients (>80 years of age) had significantly lower rates of wound debridement (mean 18.1% per week) than those <51 years of age (mean 36% per week, P = 0.009). Other variables (age, wound type, wound duration and diagnosis of diabetes) were not found to significantly affect the rate of wound debridement. Wound debridement rates of commonly available modalities are largely unknown. However, these results suggest that activated polyacrylate dressings are an effective, atraumatic, and easy-to-use method of debriding chronic wounds.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1992

Tissue reactions induced by hydrocolloid wound dressings.

Porcine full-thickness excisional wounds were treated with 4 different hydrocolloid (HCD) dressings--DuoDERM (ConvaTec/E. R. Squibb), Intrasite HCD (Smith and Nephew Medical), Tegasorb (3M) and Replicare (Smith and Nephew Medical). Animals were killed at 4, 10, 21 and 90 d post-wound, excision sites were fixed in formalin and processed for histological analysis. Granulomatous lesions were observed following treatment with each of the 4 HCD dressings. Such lesions developed between 4 and 10 d post-wound, exhibiting little evidence of resolution at 90 d post-wound. Of the 4 dressings examined, DuoDERM and Intrasite HCD precipitated the most severe reaction, each treatment resulting in granulomata with a distinct and different morphology. Treatment with DuoDERM resulted in granulomata characterised by a random distribution of dendritic cells, epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells. In contrast, treatment with Intrasite HCD resulted in highly organised granulomata, consisting of a central focus of epithelioid cells surrounded by a peripheral cuff of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. This experimental study highlights chronic inflammatory lesions that may, if reflected in the clinical environment, question the efficacy and indication of HCD dressings in the treatment of wounds having a number of different aetiologies.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Collagen powder: hydrocolloidal dressings. Their effectiveness in radiodermatitis].

The authors analyze the effectiveness of a collagen cicatrizant powder for use in treating radiodermatitis compared with extra fine hydrocolloidal dressings by evaluating skin lesions according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) intensity scale. As the same time, the authors evaluate the patient's opinion regarding the treatment he/she receives. This study was carried out in the Valladolid University Clinical Hospital's Department of Radiotherapy. This study showed that the Catrix brand dressing is more effective than hydrocolloidal dressings as a treatment of lesions caused by radiodermatitis. Both the nursing personnel and patients involved in this study rated this Catrix product higher than those hydrocolloidal dressings products tested.

Bandages, Hydrocolloid↗
PubMed1992

[Occlusive dressing--s potential treatment for tympanic membrane rupture?].

In a rat study, an occlusive double-layer transparent hydrocolloid dressing, Duo-DERM, was compared with a rice paper dressing in the treatment of tympanic membrane perforation. The Duo-DERM dressing manifested better healing properties, and the healed membrane was histologically similar to spontaneously healed membrane, being generally thin with moderate connective tissue thickening. If this dressing is found to have good healing properties in clinical trials, it would mean a great saving in health care resources. The method is simple, inexpensive, and gives immediate improvement in hearing.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of transparent adherent and dry sterile gauze dressings for long-term central catheters in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant.

Patients undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT) are at great risk of infection and sepsis. Long-term central catheters (LTCCs), required for IV therapy, can be a portal of entry for infectious agents. This randomized, prospective study compared two types of catheter dressings in 98 patients undergoing BMT: a dry sterile gauze dressing (DSGD) changed daily and a transparent adherent dressing (TAD) changed every four days. Study outcomes included incidence and severity of local and systemic complications, patient assessment of comfort, and calculation of nursing time. One case of catheter-related infection occurred during the study. No significant differences existed between the two dressings in the incidence of positive skin cultures or local complications with the exception of skin irritation. The TAD caused less skin irritation, was preferred by patients, cost less, and required less nursing time. The findings indicate that TADs provide a safe, comfortable, and cost-effective alternative to DSGDs for patients undergoing BMT and receiving antibiotic support during aplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of a hydrocolloid dressing on bacterial growth and the healing process of leg ulcers.

Thirty patients with lower extremity ulcers of different aetiologies, although mainly of venous origin, were treated with an occlusive hydrocolloid dressing twice a week for a maximum period of 12 weeks. No antibacterial chemotherapy was utilized. A culture was taken of the exudate of the ulcer before commencement of treatment and weekly or bi-weekly thereafter. The results showed a mixed flora with prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. The average duration of the treatment period was 67 +/- 11 days with a total of 26 patients being healed by the end of this period. The average interval between dressing changes was 4.1 days. Subsequent bacterial cultures showed a persistence of the original flora, but there was no correlation between the type of flora present and clinical evidence of infection or between the type of flora present and the rate of healing of the ulcer. Clinical evaluation of the results obtained with the hydrocolloid dressing was favourable in respect to reduced risk of contamination of the ulcer, lower pain perception and less trauma to the granulation tissue during dressing changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Coverage of the open sternotomy wound with Biobrane dressing.

Massive edema accumulated after prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary grafting such that neither the sternum nor the presternal skin could be closed after insertion of a left ventricular assist device. To protect the mediastinum from infection, we applied Biobrane synthetic temporary wound dressing and placed a moist gauze dressing over it. When the dressing was removed 4 days later, the wound was pink, granulating, free from infection, and suitable for closure. Use of Biobrane biologic dressing should be considered when the mediastinum must remain exposed after median sternotomy.

Bandages↗
PubMed1981

Control of experimental burn wound infections: comparative delivery of the antimicrobial agent (silver sulfadiazine) either from a cream base or from a solid synthetic dressing.

This report demonstrates prolonged effective release of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) to experimental burns in rats from a solid dressing by mixtures of polyethylene glycol-400 and poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The synthetic dressing, incorporating the antimicrobial drug, may be formed either directly on the burn wound or prepared as a preformed sheet and applied to the wound after it was contaminated with bacteria. The level of silver in the blood following treatment of the burn wound with topical AgSD (Silvadene, Marion Labs) is significantly less when the drug is presented in the dressing than when the drug is applied in a cream base; the concentration of the sulfadiazine moiety in the blood is similar for the two drug preparations. Improved survival of the burned and contaminated rats and reduced nursing care were observed in the burned animals when the synthetic dressing was used to deliver the drug relative to the results when the AgSD was applied in a cream base by standard procedures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a dressing to reduce nipple pain and improve nipple skin condition in breast-feeding women.

This study was designed to evaluate whether maintenance of a moist environment on the nipple skin during the first week of breast-feeding would improve damaged nipple skin condition, as indicated by the presence of eschar, erythema, and fissures, and reduce pain. Fifty White women applied a polyethylene film dressing with a perimeter adhesive system to a randomly determined nipple. The dressing was present at all times except during feeding. Subjects were assessed every 48 hours (four times) over 7 days. Serial photographic slides were obtained and assessed for skin characteristics. Nipple pain was self-rated with a verbal descriptor scale. Use of an occlusive film dressing on nipple skin during the first week of breast-feeding appeared to have limited influence on improvement in damaged skin condition. Summary scores indicated significant reduction in the amount of eschar on the surface of the nipple. There were no differences in erythema intensity or fissure severity. Use of a dressing significantly reduced nipple pain during the study period.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of occlusive dressings for management of full-thickness excisional wounds on the distal portion of the limbs of horses.

Two 2.5-cm2 full-thickness skin wounds were created surgically over the lateral aspect of the cannon bone of each limb of 6 horses (n = 48 wounds). Dressings evaluated were a nonadherent gauze pad (group 1); a synthetic semiocclusive dressing, (group 2); equine amnion (group 3); and a synthetic fully occlusive dressing (group 4). Wounds were assessed subjectively at each dressing change, and total wound area, area of granulation tissue, and area of epithelium in each wound were determined by computerized digital analysis of photographs of the wounds. Complete healing time (wound covered by epithelium) also was determined for each wound. Statistical comparisons were made, using Kruskal-Wallis analysis and a Mann-Whitney U test. Median time to complete healing was: group 1, 53 days; group 2, 71 days; group 3, 63 days; and group 4, 113 days. Time to complete healing was significantly longer for wounds of group-4 horses than all other groups, and wounds of group-1 horses healed faster than did those of group-2 horses (P < 0.05). Wounds in group-4 horses required significantly (P < or = 0.05) more excisions of granulation tissue (median, 11.5 times) than did those in group-1 (median, 3.5), group-2 (median, 5.5) or group-3 (median, 2.5) horses. Epithelial tissue was detected later in wounds of group-4 horses (median, 27 days) than in wounds of horses in groups 1, 2 or 3 (median, 17 days); however, this difference was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of dressing materials on central venous catheter infection rates.

Transparent, semipermeable, polyurethane dressings have become widely accepted for dressing central venous catheter (CVC) insertion sites. However, there have been differing results in terms of their association with microbial growth under the dressing and the risk of subsequent CVC-associated infection. This study describes our positive experience in terms of the impact of a highly permeable transparent dressing on CVC-associated infection among patients at our facility.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed1991

Polyethylene oxide gel. A new intranasal dressing after septorhinoplasty.

The purpose of intranasal dressings after septorhinoplasty is to absorb secretions, stop bleeding, act as an internal splint, discourage adhesions, and facilitate nasal hygiene. The ideal dressing should conform to the irregularities of the nasal cavity and resist adherence to the wounds of the nasal lining so it can be easily removed. It should be nonirritating, antiseptic, and economical. The failure of previously reported dressings in one or more of these requirements led us to evaluate a new alternative. Polyethylene oxide gel (Vigilon) was identified as a potential improvement and investigated in 48 patients over 17 months. There were no significant complications. Polyethylene oxide gel appears superior to previously described dressings, primarily because of comfort for the patient at removal.

Bandages↗
PubMed1995

Differences in body temperature changes during dressing change in surviving and non-surviving burned patients.

Change in body temperature (delta BT) while dressings were being changed was measured in 52 extensively burned adults. The patients were divided into four groups based on outcome and the prognostic burn index (PBI; age + burn index): group I (15 survivors, PBI less than or equal to 80), group II (15 survivors, PBI between 80 and 120), group III (14 non-survivors, PBI between 80 and 120), and group IV (eight non-survivors, PBI greater than 120). The body temperature before the change of dressings was the same in the four groups. The mean(s.d.) delta BT in all patients was -0.5(0.8) degrees C. The magnitude of delta BT was not related to the time required for changing dressings (r = 0.04) or to the non-epithelialized area present at each change of dressings (r = -0.05). All groups showed a similar increase in delta BT during the early period after the burn, but in group I it began to decrease progressively after the 16th day after the burn (P < 0.05). A reduction in delta BT was noted in group II from day 25, whereas it was unchanged in groups III and IV (P < 0.05). It also significantly increased 2 days before the diagnosis of sepsis (P < 0.05). These results emphasize that delta BT may provide useful information about prognosis and the development of sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Structural design of the dry fibrin sealant dressing and its impact on the hemostatic efficacy of the product.

We compared the hemostatic efficacy of a production version of a dry fibrin sealant dressing (DFSD) to a prototype that was previously successful in large animal studies. The results were used to improve manufacturing processes. Grade-V liver injuries were induced in swine and treated with gauze sponges (GAU), the prototype dressings (DFSD-1), or the scaled-up production version dressings (DFSD-2 in experiment 1 and DFSD-3 in experiment 2). Blood loss, hemostasis, resuscitation volume, and 60-min survival were quantified. In experiment 1, the DFSD-1 treatment reduced blood loss (p < 0.01), increased hemostasis at 4 min (p < 0.05), and improved survival (p < 0.05) compared with GAU. The DFSHD-2 decreased blood loss (p < 0.05) but did not increase hemostasis or survival significantly. Based on these results, manufacturing processes were altered, producing DFSD-3. In experiment 2, the DFSD-1 and DFSD-3 were equally effective in reducing blood loss (p < 0.01) and resuscitation volume (p < 0.05) compared with GAU. Hemostasis occurred more frequently in both the DFSD-1 and DFSD-3 groups (p < 0.01) compared with GAU. The structural design of DFSD-2 did not meet the efficacy requirement for release of the product. The subsequent change incorporated in DFSD-3 improved all hemostatic parameters of the dressings equal to those of the prototype product.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Seed dressings to control slug damage in oilseed rape.

Slugs are major pests of oilseed rape that are poorly controlled by conventional bait pellets. A series of laboratory experiments investigated the potential of seed-dressings to control slug damage in this crop. Four compounds: metaldehyde, methiocarb, cinnamamide and 3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid (DMCA) were tested at a range of doses for phytotoxicity and ability to reduce damage by Deroceras reticulatum (Müller). Metaldehyde and methiocarb were not phytotoxic at any doses, whereas all doses of cinnamamide and DMCA were. All compounds reduced slug damage, but metaldehyde and methiocarb consistently performed better than cinnamamide and DMCA. Metaldehyde and methiocarb seed-dressings were compared with baited pellets containing the same active ingredients at recommended field doses. The seed-dressings protected plants from damage by D reticulatum and Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud) as well as, or better than, baited pellets. We therefore recommend that metaldehyde and methiocarb should be field-tested as seed dressings to control slugs in oilseed rape.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1975

[The history of wound dressings (author's transl)].

The introduction of antisepsis and asepsis brought about decisive changes in the dressing of wounds. For thousands of years, dressing material had been regarded as protection for wounds, absorbent material, or a base for healing substances, while healing per secundam intentionem by the production of "pus laudabile" was the general rule. With the advent of antisepsis, dressings became a type of medication, healing the wounds per primam intentionem. Different materials have been used over the years, but the most important steps in the development of new dressings were made in the nineteenth century, with the introduction of a degreased cotton and of medicated plasters.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗