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PubMed1949

[Diencephalon].

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Brain↗
PubMed1990

The development of the diencephalon of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Thalamus and hypothalamus.

This article describes a study of the development of the thalamus and hypothalamus of the rainbow trout from the embryo to the juvenile fish. The areas from which the various nuclei derived are reported together with the order of their appearance, the earliest being the nucleus geniculatus lateralis, the nucleus pretectalis, the nucleus of the torus lateralis hypothalami, the nucleus preglomerulosus and the nucleus diffusus of the lateral lobes, all of were beginning to be distinguishable in 9 mm embryos. The lateral lobes of the hypothalamus developed mainly after hatching, and medial regions generally developed later than lateral areas, though certain periventricular structures appeared very soon. Cell proliferation persisted in 35 mm juveniles, especially in the walls of the lateral and posterior recesses.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Histochemical evidence of aminotransferases. III. Localization of aminotransferases in the mesencephalon, diencephalon, cortex cerebri and in the peripheral nervous system (author's transl)].

The histochemical distribution of some aminotransferases at various levels through the midbrain and cerebrum and in the peripheral nervous system of the rat has been described. The selective localization of the reaction product in the neurons and the neuropil was the same for the aminotransferases studied. There was a difference in the intensity of the enzyme activity. The white matter was negative, and only the glial cells and the blood vessels exhibit transaminase activity. Some nuclei showed an intensive reaction in the neurons and neuropil: nuel. ruber, substantia nigra, hypothalamic nuclei, Ammon's horn. A high activity was observed in the ganglion cell, and the nerve fibres were negative. There was a great similarity between the pattern of distribution for aminotransferases and that for some dehydrogenases.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Further studies on the cyto-, fibro- and dendro-architectonic structures of chicken diencephalon and mesencephalon.

Cyto-, fibro- and dendro-architectonic analyses of the diencephalic and mesencephalic area in chickens were carried out by means of the Nissl staining, silver impregnation and Golgi-Cox techniques. Within this area, a number of nuclei and fiber bundles were described and summarized in the form of cyto- and fibro-architectonic atlases of the frontal planes at the same level. Furthermore, with special reference to the optic tectum, detailed cyto- and dendro-architectonic observations were performed. Cytoarchitectonically, this area was composed of 15 alternately arranged layers from the surface inward, 3 of which were fiber bundle zones demonstrated more clearly in silver-impregnated preparations. On the other hand, in dendro-architectonic preparations, only 4 zones were identified; external horizontal, external vertical, internal horizontal and internal vertical cell layers. Among them, small fusiform and large pyramidal cell types in the external vertical cell layer as well as large stellate cells in the internal horizontal zone were histologically characterized. Further means of performing more detailed architectonic analysis of all nuclei and fiber bundles in the diencephalic and mesencephalic area were discussed and this may be useful for the physiological and anatomical studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of forskolin and VIP on the release of somatostatin and the cAMP content of cultured rat diencephalon neurons].

Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, stimulates somatostatin release in dispersed fetal diencephalic cells in culture (10 j). It was found that concentrations ranging from 10(-8) M to 10(-4) M increase the release of somatostatin in a dose-dependent manner, as well as the formation of intracellular cyclic AMP. Furthermore, VIP (10(-6) M) which produces a significant (p less than 0.03) elevation of SRIF release at 30 min of incubation, also induces a prompt increase of intracellular cyclic AMP (10 min). These results suggest that VIP could stimulate the somatostatin release through a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism.

Animals↗