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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

An investigation of the microbial contamination of dental unit air and water lines.

AIM: The objective of this study was to measure the microbial contamination released from dental unit air lines (DUAL) and dental unit water lines (DUWL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Emissions from DUAL and DUWL from five dental units supplied by a central water source (tap) and a centralised air supply were sampled three times over a five- week period. Air was forced through sterile water and then plated onto selective agar using apparatus designed to spread the sample solution evenly, and then incubated at room temperature for seven days. Colonies were then counted and the concentration of bacteria present was determined and expressed as colony forming units per millilitre (cfu/ml) per minute. The same procedure was used to evaluate five other dental units, which had attached independent water reservoir (bottle) systems (IWR). Only deionised water was added to the bottles and unit waterlines were cleaned weekly with alkaline peroxide based solution. Values were expressed as cfu/ml. RESULTS: Air and water specimens obtained from dental units supplied with tap water had microbial counts significantly (t-test, p < 0.05) greater than IWR dental units. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that IWR can reduce the numbers of micro-organisms released from DUWL. However, the effectiveness of such systems should be routinely monitored. Emissions from DUAL seems to reflect the levels of microbial contamination present in DUWL.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2004

[Investigation of influencing variables on the computer-aided simulation of contacts in dynamic occlusion based on optically digitized plaster casts].

In dentistry, mechanical articulators with which mandibular movements can be reproduced in dentals casts play a major role. Commonly used semiadjustable articulators, however, have major limitations: On the one hand, the movement of the mandible is not reproduced exactly, on the other, they do not provide time-related information on jaw movement. Both problems can be solved by replacing the mechanical articulator by a digital simulation ("virtual articulator") based on digitized plaster casts and electronically recorded masticatory movements. We present a system for the 3D measurement of plaster casts in a skull-related, anatomical coordinate system using the fringe projection technique, and electronically recorded condylar movements. Using numerical algorithms, the contacts between upper and low jaw, and the angle of rotation of the temporomandibular joint can be computed for each movement in dynamic occlusion. Taking the data recorded from a patient as an example, the influence of the accuracy of the digitization of plaster casts on the computation of the rotation of the temporomandibular joint is discussed in relation to the anatomy of the masticatory apparatus.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

[Classification of epileptic diseases according to potential of fitting with dental prosthesis].

Epileptic patients seem to have generally poorer dental condition in comparison with the healthy population for many reasons. It is important to endeavor to provide the same dental care to epileptic patients than to others, however certain factors in connection with their disease must be taken into consideration. Among these, the most important is to concern about the type of seizure with special emphasis on the involvement of the masticatory apparatus and the chances of oral soft tissue injuries and aspiration. In addition seizure frequency and patients' mental compliance might also play a decisive role. According to these factors epileptic patients were grouped into four categories with special regard to their dental manageability from the prosthodontic point of view. The planning of their dental prosthesis was carried out according to the Fábián-Fejérdy classification like in case of any other healthy patients.

Dental Prosthesis↗
PubMed1981

Anxiolytic effects of low dosage nitrous oxide-oxygen mixtures administered continuously in apprehensive subjects.

We observed the effect of low doses of nitrous oxide on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the cortisol output in blood and saliva, and the degree of sedation and analgesia of 20 volunteers. A psychologic screening inventory was also performed. We found nitrous oxide, at low dosage, to be primarily an anxiolytic and not an analgesic or amnesic agent. The nasally inhaled concentrations necessary to induce an anxiolytic effect varied from subject to subject, ranging from 30% to 65% and averaging 35% to 40%. This finding justifies the use of the gas to relieve anxiety instead of nonvolatile parenterally administered psychosedatives and narcotics. Nitrous oxide is preferable because its action is established within several minutes, it is rapidly eliminated at the conclusion of a procedure, and the sensorium is clear after five or six minutes. The gas is simply and safely administered with fail-safe apparatus designed specifically for this purpose. The technic is admirably suited for use in ambulatory care units where minor surgical or dental procedures are performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of adhesive layer thickness on the bond strength of a zinc polycarboxylate dental cement.

This study reports the effect of varying the thickness of a commercial zinc polycarboxylate dental cement on its adhesion in a metal-to-metal single lap joint. The thickness was controlled externally in a specially designed apparatus, rather than by the inclusion of isodimensional glass spheres, as has been done previously. The results show that both the tensile shear bond strength and the mode of failure of the cement are influenced by the thickness of the cement layer in the bonded joints. Hence, these results confirm previous findings that there is an optimum thickness for the zinc polycarboxylate layer. They also show that failure is more likely to be cohesive with thicker layers. The optimum thickness of the adhesive layer was 205 microns for the particular cement studied, PolyF Plus (De Trey, Dentsply, Weybridge, Surrey, UK), for which the average shear bond strength was found to be 4.03 MPa. Using stress analysis, the maximum shear and tensile stresses, tau 12(max) and sigma 11(max), have also been obtained. These analyses showed that joints failed at the interface between the cement layers and the lap joint at adhesive layer thicknesses of below 100 microns. This resulted from the high stress concentrations in bonded joints with thin adhesive layers. On the other hand, thicker joints failed cohesively within the adhesive layer because of greater contributions from tensile stresses in these joints.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1995

[Amalgam and the toxicological risks of mercury. A review of the argument].

The employment of dental amalgam in the area of conservative dentistry, in spite of representing an excellent therapeutic solution, is today undergoing criticism more frequently than before because of the potential toxicity of mercury regarding hyman health and environmental salubrity. Mercury is a metal having the tendency to evaporate at ambient temperature and it is just the inhalation of its vapor the most common form of exposure to mercury for man. The absorption may also may also occur through food ingestion or accidental swallowing of metal particles coming from dental amalgam fillings. Mercury poisoning usually turns out to be a chronic process which causes its major toxic effects at the expense of digestive, excretory and neurocentral apparatuses. Several authors have studied mercury exposure on the working places, including in their investigation persons operating in the dentistry departments: they found high levels of mercury existing both in tissues and in biological fluids in people affected by exposure, frequently accompanied by symptoms of chronic intoxication. More recent studies, however, do not fully confirm such conclusions and exclude that coming into contact with mercury vapor on the working place may be in connection with an increase of mortality. Exposure to mercury from amalgam for the most part occurs through ingestion of amalgam particles abraded from restored surfaces, inhalation of vapors generated during dental restorative procedures and deglutition of saliva into which corrosion products have dissolved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Sonographic studies in odontogenic maxillary sinus diseases].

Clinical diagnostic information was analysed and compared with conventional x-ray and B-scan examination in 90 patients with maxillary sinus diseases of dental origin. In certain diseases (sinusitis, cysts) the ultrasonic sonography offered little additional clinical-relevant information. On the other hand this modern noninvasive, picture yielding and ever reproducible method is predestined for objective confirmation of the late complaint after maxillary sinus operation. But the high apparatus technical investment limits its application in large scale.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An amalgam mixer for dental work].

A stomatologic amalgam mixer with an automated dosage device ACD-02 is destined for measuring the powdered alloy of silver and mercury out, preparation of amalgams from the mentioned components or filling material "Gallodent-M" in conditions of stomatological polyclinics. Constant mixture of powder layers in the scale body reservoir and immediate measuring out the powdered alloy on switching on the electric drive are provided. The apparatus is completed by a cup with a forked holder and a special reusable capsule for manufacture of filling material "Gallodent-M".

Dental Amalgam↗