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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A comparison of etodolac (Ultradol) with acetaminophen plus codeine (Tylenol #3) in controlling post-surgical pain in vasectomy patients.

The efficacy and safety of etodolac (Ultradol) and acetaminophen plus codeine [A + C (Tylenol #3)] in controlling post-surgical pain were compared in an open-label, randomized, parallel-group outpatient study. Patients who were voluntarily having a vasectomy performed for sterilization were assigned to receive either etodolac 200 mg (20 patients) or A + C (20 patients). All medication was taken as required for up to 7 days. Efficacy assessments were made at 1, 6 and 24 hours after surgery and included pain measurement (Likert Visual Analogue scale), patient and physician global assessments and time to analgesic relief. Safety assessments were made throughout the study and included vital signs and adverse event monitoring. Results of the study indicated that patients taking etodolac were more likely to say they could return to work 24 hours after their vasectomy (p = 0.04). There were no other statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients. The results from this study indicate that etodolac and A + C are equally efficacious and well-tolerated for the control of post-vasectomy pain and that patients may observe an increased benefit with etodolac by being able to return to work sooner.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1999

Codeine intoxication in the neonate.

Although opiates can provide patients with relief from pain and the discomfort of cough, the routine prescription of these drugs for infants demands caution and concern. Infants, particularly neonates, are not merely small adults requiring smaller dosages, but rather uniquely different patients. Neonates present with an immature physiology and biochemistry with respect to drug metabolism. We report a case of codeine intoxication in the neonate, in which the drug was prescribed for cough control during an emergency department visit.

Codeine↗
PubMed2003

Beliefs and social norms about codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup (CPHCS) onset and perceived addiction among urban Houstonian adolescents: an addiction trend in the city of lean.

In the current study, we used a qualitative approach to investigate relevant beliefs and norms associated with codeine and promethazine hydrochloride cough syrup (CPHCS) consumption, initiation, and perceived addiction among 48 alternative school students who identified themselves as current CPHCS users. In general, both boys and girls believed that CPHCS addiction started during an individual's initial consumption. A majority of both groups reported that their second CPHCS event was initiated during the same or next day after their first event. Our findings suggest that friends and an innovative form of hip-hop music called "screw" are strong reinforcers of CPHCS use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Pattern of self-administered paracetamol and codeine analgesic consumption after mandibular third-molar surgery.

Pattern of analgesic consumption after unilateral mandibular third-molar surgery was investigated in an open study in 201 patients. All patients were supplied with six analgesic tablets containing 500 mg paracetamol and 30 mg codeine. Instructions for use were given. A mean consumption of 4.9 tablets over the 1st week and 3.6 tablets the day of operation was found. Eight (4%) patients indicated inadequate or no effect of the medication. The remaining patients were able to control pain, to a level of one-third of maximum pain, by using from one to five tablets. One hundred and thirty-two (68%) patients followed instructions with regard to start of medication. No difference in mean tablet consumption was found between compliant patients and those who delayed the intake of the first analgesic dose by more than 1 h. Predictor analysis showed the most powerful predictors to be preoperative depth of the third molar and moderate or heavy smoking. Thirteen per cent explanatory power of all predictors together was found.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1998

Mania associated with codeine and paracetamol.

OBJECTIVE: We describe a patient in whom a manic episode was precipitated by use of panadeine forte, a preparation containing codeine and paracetamol. CLINICAL PICTURE: The patient developed a discrete manic psychotic episode. TREATMENT: The treatment consisted of cessation of the Panadeine forte and antipsychotic medication. OUTCOME: The patient made a complete recovery after 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: Mania can be induced by large doses of Panadeine forte, particularly if there is a biological predisposition.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The association of preexisting psychosocial pathology with deaths involving propoxyphene or codeine.

The study utilized a sample of 94 propoxyphene- (Darvon) and codeine-related deaths that had occurred in Los Angeles County within a 1-year period (during 1979-1980). Data describing these deaths were obtained from the records of the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner's Office and from interviews with informants who had know the deceased subjects. The findings revealed the presence of extensive psychosocial pathology. High levels of prior drug abuse involving both prescription and illicit drugs were reported. Other findings included a markedly high incidence of prior drug overdoses, arrests, psychiatric disorders, interpersonal conflicts, and prior suicide attempts.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Subtypes of codeine cough syrup abusers.

This paper highlights the abuse potential of the codeine containing cough syrups, which may take two forms. One, experimental abuse in school or college students which later persists in a dependent pattern. Two, pre-existing opioid abusers, as a substitute which starts after the school or college years. The short term treatment outcome is better in the former group in that they are able to maintain abstinence for a relatively longer period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Problems and solutions to single-dose testing of analgesics: comparison of propoxyphene, codeine, and fenoprofen.

Discrepancies exist between reports arising from single-dose and multiple-dose studies intended to compare the efficacy of oral analgesics. D Differences in the pharmacokinetic characteristics of these drugs account for much of the discord. Codeine and fenoprofen rapidly achieve their ultimate plasma equilibrium levels (on a q. 6h. schedule), whereas, propoxyphene requires a longer period, doubtless due to its longer half-life and proportionately smaller maintenance dose. If the drugs are not to be compared during the steady state, then administration of appropriate loading doses permits satisfactory single dose comparisons at steady-state concentrations.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1975

Antitussive drugs. I. Cardiopulmonary effects of codeine.

In the anesthetized dog, codeine causes a combination of pulmonary vasoconstriction and systemic vasodilation. Pulmonary blood flow is either increased or decreased, relating to a primary stimulation or depression of myocardial contractility. The overall effect is an elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure largely due to vasoconstriction of the pulmonary blood vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The epidemiology of adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nimesulide is tolerated by patients with adverse reactions to NSAIDs and modulates in man the skin response to histamine and codeine].

We evaluated the tolerance to NIM in patients with adverse reactions to NSAIDs, expressed by urticaria-angioedema, bronchial asthma or erythema polymorphous on 92 patients among which 32 atopics affected by asthma, rhinitis or contact dermatitis. Challenge test has been performed with increasing amounts of NIM per os every 2 hrs to a maximum of 100 mg/dose. The last dosage was repeated every 12 hrs for 4 times more. No reactions were observed in 86 patients (93.4%). Moreover we evaluated the efficacy of NIM in modulating pomphoid cutaneous reaction to histamine (HIS) and codeine (COD). Three subjects were prick tested with HIS and COD solutions at different concentrations (0.1 to 10 mg/ml), before and after a 5 days therapy with NIM at different dosages/kg/die. At NIM dosages of 3.7 and 2.7 mg/kg/die we observed a strong reduction of pomphoid activity of both HIS and COD. No clear effects were detected at 2.2 mg/kg/die dosage. We assume a dose-related in vivo inhibitory effect of NIM on cutaneous mast cells releasability or a direct anti-histaminic effect. We point out the possible therapeutic role of NIM in the treatment of allergic flogosis at steroid and cromon's side.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of apoptosis signaling pathway in human cancer cells by codeinone, a synthetic derivative of codeine.

We have recently found that codeinone, an oxidation metabolite of codeine, induced apoptosis, characterized by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemic cell lines, most effectively among 10 opioids. These findings prompted us to investigate whether codeinone induces apoptosis in other human cancer cells and possible changes in mitochondrial enzyme. FACS analysis demonstrated that codeinone induced the production of ANNEXIN-positive apoptotic cells in three different human cancer cells (HL-60, MCF7, A549). The apoptotic cells were visualized by microscopical observation after staining with Hoechst (H)-33342. Fluorometric assay showed that codeinone time-dependently activated caspase 3 and caspase 9, but not caspase 8, suggesting the activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via mitochondria. Western blot analysis demonstrated that codeinone enhanced the Pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression, but reduced the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression. Codeinone did not significantly change the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity nor its mRNA expression. This apoptosis-inducing activity, in conjunction with antinociceptive activity, further substantiated the antitumor potential of codeinone.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1991

The analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen compared to acetaminophen with codeine.

In a single-dose, parallel group, randomized block treatment allocation study, the relative analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was compared to acetaminophen 650 mg with codeine 60 mg, zomepirac sodium 100 mg, and placebo. A total of 226 post-surgical dental patients (146 females and 80 males) participated in the study. Flurbiprofen in 50 mg and 100 mg dosages demonstrated effective analgesic activity with the 100 mg dosage being at least as effective as the acetaminophen/codeine combination. The results of this study support previous work on flurbiprofen.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1990

Cutaneous responses to histamine, compound 48/80 and codeine in patients with hyperthyroidism.

The regulatory effects of various endocrine factors on allergic processes have been widely studied. The clinical importance of hyperthyroidism in asthma and in chronic urticaria has been demonstrated in several cases. These observations may be attributed to modulatory effects of thyroid hormones on mast cell releasability and/or on other target organs as blood vessels. To evaluate the effects of thyroid hormones on mast cell releasability and on the cutaneous vasculature, we analyzed the wheal and flare response to compound 48/80, to codeine, and to histamine in patients with hyperthyroidism and in a control group. No significant difference was found between the two groups. We could not demonstrate any in vivo effect of the thyrotoxic state on the cutaneous response to these substances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Suppressive effects of oral ketotifen on skin responses to histamine, codeine, and allergen skin tests.

Nine healthy subjects were given 1 mg ketotifen orally and were skin tested with histamine (4, 10, and 20 micrograms/mL), codeine (0.001%, 0.01%, and 0.1%) and normal saline at varying time intervals up to 96 hours. Seven subjects allergic to tree and dust allergens were studied in the same way and were skin tested with both allergens. The suppression of skin responses in both studies occurred maximally between 4 and 24 hours, and did not disappear until 72 hours. The control subjects not taking ketotifen did not show any suppression. These results suggest that oral ketotifen should be withheld for 72 hours prior to immediate type hypersensitivity skin tests.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Fatalities associated with an acute overdose of glutethimide (Doriden) and codeine.

Abuse of the oral combination of glutethimide (DORIDEN) and codeine, commonly referred to as "sets", in the northwest Pennsylvania area is reviewed. Nine fatalities have been reported in the Erie area from 1985-87 due to acute toxicity with this combination. The glutethimide/codeine combination reportedly produces a euphoric effect comparable to intravenous heroin but is longer lasting. Age of the victims ranged from 18 to 37 years. In all cases there was a history of chronic intentional "sets" abuse by the victims prior to death. The 9 fatalities due to this combination of prescription drugs is unusually high for this area considering the population and rural nature of the Erie community. Although the use of "sets" has been reported occasionally in other localized areas of the country, no other significant use has been reported in Pennsylvania.

Codeine↗
PubMed1977

Codeine and propoxyphene in postepisiotomy pain. A two-dose evaluation.

In a double-blind control study, oral doses of placebo, propoxyphene napsylate (50 or 100 mg), or codeine sulfate (30 or 60 mg) were administered to 46 postepisiotomy patients, grouped by severity of pain reported at first-dose drug administration. Eight hourly observations by a trained observer provided estimates of analgesia. The analgesia scores for placebo treatments were significantly lower than for the lesser doses of either drug (P less than .05) as well as for the greater doses (P less than .01). At both dose levels, the analgesia scores for both drugs were almost identical. Analgesia with the higher doses was greater than with the lower, but not to a statistically significant extent. The difference in patient responses increased following the second dose. No serious adverse reactions occurred; the elicited and volunteered reports of minor side effects were similar for all five treatments.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗