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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Reciprocal social behavior in children with and without pervasive developmental disorders.

An invariant feature of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) is a relative deficit in the capacity for reciprocal social behavior (RSB). The authors acquired teacher reports of RSB in 287 schoolchildren and parent reports of RSB in 158 child psychiatric patients using a new research instrument, the Social Reciprocity Scale. Total scores on this measure of RSB were continuously distributed in all groups of subjects; children with PDDs scored significantly higher for the degree of deficits in RSB than did clinical or nonclinical controls. Latent class analysis and factor analysis failed to demonstrate separate categories of deficiency for core autistic symptomatology and more general impairments in RSB, consistent with the notion of a "broader autism phenotype." Assessments of RSB on a continuous scale may be useful clinically for characterizing the behavior of children whose social deficits fall below the threshold for a full diagnosis of autism. They may also be useful in genetic-linkage studies of autistic spectrum disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The children's eating behavior inventory: reliability and validity results.

Eating and mealtime problems are common in childhood. They occur across a broad age span, in normally developing children and in a wide variety of developmental and medical disorders. There is no currently available standard instrument by which to assess these problems. The Children's Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI) was developed according to a conceptual framework based upon a transactional/systemic understanding of parent-child relationships. It was completed by 206 mothers of nonclinic children and 110 mothers of clinic children. Results of test-retest and internal reliability testing indicate that the CEBI meets criteria for instrument reliability. Construct validity is demonstrated by the significant difference between the clinic and nonclinic groups in the mean total eating problem score and in the mean number of items perceived to be a problem.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Criterion-related validity of the PDD Behavior Inventory.

The PDD Behavior Inventory (PDDBI) is a rating scale filled out by parents and teachers that is designed to assess response to intervention in children with PDD. It consists of subscales that measure both maladaptive and adaptive behaviors and also provides a summary "Autism Score" reflective of the severity of the condition. The scale has been shown to have very good internal consistency as well as developmental and construct validity. In this study, the PDDBI's criterion-related validity was assessed. Correlations with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised were good. Selected maladaptive scales from the PDDBI correlated well with comparable factors of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form. The adaptive sections of the PDDBI correlated highly with the Griffiths Mental Development Scales and with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. These results confirm the validity of the PDDBI and suggest that the scale will have value in assessing treatment-related changes in maladaptive and adaptive behaviors associated with PDD.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2004

Longitudinal relations between parenting and child adjustment in young children.

We studied the predictive relations between reports of parenting behavior on the one hand and academic achievement and reported behavior problems of young children on the other hand. Data were gathered for 352 children and their parents from kindergarten to 2nd grade. The results indicated that in the academic domain, low supportive and high controlling parenting practices were modestly related to poor subsequent math achievement. Children's externalizing and attention problem behavior was clearly predictive of high levels of control in mothers and low levels of support in fathers. The combination of high parental support and control was especially associated with high levels of problem behavior. However, when previous parenting and child adjustment were taken into account, the magnitude of the predictive power of parenting for child adjustment, and of child adjustment for parenting, remained limited.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavior and learning problems in epileptic children.

In this modern age of rapidly advancing medical knowledge and technology there are few conditions as wrapped up in ignorance and prejudice as that known as epilepsy. A large part of the reason for this lies in the concept of the "epileptic person," by which is really meant the epileptic personality. In an attempt to assess behavior and learning in children with seizures, behavior and learning being regarded as opposite sides of the same coin, a study was designed in which totally objective neurological and psychological data was obtained from such a group of children. The evaluation was carried out without any prior knowledge of the nature of the presenting clinical picture, so as to prevent bias from pre-conceived notions. The results show that 70% of the first 200 children showed significant learning defects sufficient to make special educational placement mandatory. Of the remaining 30% some still showed minor learning problems enough to give rise to difficulties in regular classroom situations. Associated with these learning problems were varying behavioral reaction types, varying from the classical hyperactive child with minimal cerebral dysfunction to many environmentally-produced behavior difficulties resulting from faulty school placement due to failure to recognize learning problems. Faculty parental handling due to similar failure to realize the child's limitations also contributed to this. The significance of these findings with respect to the behavior disturbances of the so-called epileptic child will be discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Early identification of chronic offenders: who is the fledgling psychopath?

In this article, the author highlights the need for early intervention for chronic offenders. He reviews evidence suggesting that children who manifest symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention problems (HIA) and conduct problems (CP) are at the greatest risk for chronic offending. He reviews existing theories of the relations among constructs: (a) HIA increases risk in those already at risk and (b) HIA leads to symptoms of CP. In addition, he advances a third theory that children with symptoms of HIA and CP are afflicted with a virulent strain of conduct disorder best described as fledgling psychopathy. The author discusses treatment implications and supporting evidence for each model. Finally, he recommends that the subtype theory receive further consideration and examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and preschool children.

This article presents a review of the literature on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and preschool children. A review of the research revealed a predominant focus on pharmacological intervention, with considerably less research on other intervention approaches to ADHD in preschoolers. In particular, there was limited research related specifically to characteristics and best treatment of language-impaired preschool children with ADHD. The available literature did provide important information to further the understanding of the nature of ADHD in preschool-age children and to guide more effective assessment and intervention, both in a general sense and in the practice of speech-language pathology. The more general features of ADHD in preschool children (nature, diagnosis, intervention) are presented first, and then language service delivery implications are discussed. There is limited literature to guide language assessment and intervention for preschool children with ADHD; however, extrapolating from the literature on school-age children would suggest a focus on pragmatic skills, social skills, and emergent literacy.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1976

[Psychological and social aspects of overweight children (author's transl)].

If children who were originally fully capable and active according to their respective age groups, remain more than 50% overweight for a period of more than 3 years, develop a significantly lower motor, intellectual and social activity. They tend to develop an anxious auto-aggressive behavior, because it is difficult for them to transmit to others the social pressures to which they are subject. The probability of a permanent therapeutic success diminishes as the duration of the period of overweight increases. Only physically and emotionally orientated therapy is rational as 78% of our overweight children come from neurotically disturbed families. Overweight can often be due to lack of love where intensity of affection is wrongly applied.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems.

This study examined the relationship of reported maternal depression to prior and current life stressors, and to mother perceptions of child adjustment, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems. Forty-six depressed mothers and 49 nondepressed mothers and their clinic-referred children (aged 3-8 years) participated. Depressed mothers were more critical than nondepressed mothers, but the behavior of children of depressed and nondepressed mothers showed no significant differences. Depressed mothers were more likely to have experience child abuse, spouse abuse, or more negative life events than nondepressed mothers. Maternal reports of stress related to mother characteristics and to negative life events were the most potent variables discriminating depressed from nondepressed mother families.

Adult↗