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A checklist of the mosquito fauna encountered during arboviral studies in Iquitos, Peru, is presented. A total of 16 genera, 30 subgenera, and 96 species were identified, including 24 species reported from Peru for the 1st time. Notations on the taxonomy and biology for 28 species are also provided.
This checklist is intended to serve as a starting point from which to untangle the web of laws and regulations affecting e-health transactions, focusing on fraud issues.
Although the child behavior checklist (CBCL) and the teacher's report form (TRF) were not designed for diagnosing psychopathology in children with chronic illnesses, they have become extensively used research tools to assess behavioural problems in paediatric populations, including children with epilepsy. When applied to children with epilepsy, items like "staring blankly" or "twitching" can be rated on the basis of seizure features rather than behaviour and, hence, render behavioural scores ambiguous. The aims were detection, and evaluation of the impact, of CBCL and TRF items eliciting ambiguity when applied to children with "epilepsy only" (idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy, attending normal schools). Experts identified items that give rise to interpretational ambiguity of the ratings in epilepsy. By treating ratings on these items as missing values, their effect was evaluated in CBCL and TRF scores of 59 schoolchildren with "epilepsy only" and age and gender matched healthy classmates. Seven items of the CBCL gave rise to ambiguity of which items 5 co-occur on the TRF. Rescoring reduced psychopathology scores in children with "epilepsy only", but not in those of healthy children: the percentage of patients trespassing the clinical cut off score, on at least one of the subscales, reduced from 46 to 23% on the CBCL and from 18 to 15% on the TRF. Parents and teachers run the risk of confusing behaviour and seizure features when filling out the CBCL and TRF. In "epilepsy only", prevalence estimates of psychopathology based on the CBCL and TRF, should be considered with some reserve.
Anxiety and depression of CMD-patients in a Clinic for Special Dental Care were assessed with the Symptom Checklist-90. The results of the female patients did not differ from the general population; the men showed significantly higher scores. Approximately one third of the patients scored 'high' or 'very high' on anxiety or depression and may need special attention for psychological problems. The SCL-90 may be a useful instrument to assess the presence of clinically significant anxiety or depression. Psychological data should be interpreted with great care and always in combination with data from the dental examination.
Early starting, lifetime criminal persistence has been called sociopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and psychopathy. There is, however, disagreement about its core features and which measure is best for identifying such individuals. In the 1st of 2 studies of male offenders (n = 74), we found a large association between scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 1991) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) antisocial personality disorder criteria scored as a scale. The second study (n = 684) replicated this finding and found that, as previously shown for PCL-R scores, a discrete class (or taxon) also underlies scores on items reflecting antisocial personality disorder. The high association among these sets of items and their similarity in predicting violence suggested that the same natural class underlies each. Results indicated that life-course-persistent antisociality can be assessed well by measures of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder.
BACKGROUND: Optometry is very interested in demonstrating that the therapies it prescribes are efficacious. Vision therapy is one of the traditional therapies of optometry, but it has not been as well accepted as other therapies. One of the reasons for this lack of acceptance has been the lack of studies that demonstrate quality of life improvement in the patient who has undergone a course of optometric vision therapy. The College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life checklist (COVD-QOL) was designed as a tool to assist in the documentation of these improvements. The COVD-QOL has been demonstrated to have good test-retest reliability and has shown that ADD/ADHD children have significantly higher scores on this instrument than non-ADD/ADHD children. This pilot study was designed to study if vision therapy would have a significant positive impact on 7- to 18-year-old children. METHODS: A prospective, five-office study was designed. A total of 62 consecutive children (whose parents agreed to participation) completed a course of optometric in-office vision therapy. Pre- and post-COVD-QOL's were completed at the end of therapy or at the end of 20 hours of in-office optometric vision therapy, whichever was shorter. The pre- and post-symptoms data were analyzed, collectively and by individual symptoms. RESULTS: The mean total scores, as well as each individual item score on the COVD-QOL, were significantly better on post-test than on pre-test. CONCLUSIONS: The COVD-QOL can be used to measure changes in symptoms, and to objectively demonstrate quality of life changes that are achieved through optometric vision therapy.
Breeding populations of Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus, 1st detected in 1998, are now found in several states in the United States. To be able to identify this mosquito with the keys to the mosquitoes of North America north of Mexico, changes are proposed, especially dealing with the new genus Ochlerotatus. Also, a checklist of the genera Ochlerotatus and Aedes in the Nearctic Region is given.
Data from mosquito collections made in Belize, Central America, between September 1990 and April 1993 are presented. A total of 537 collections yielding 15,139 specimens are summarized. One genus, 4 subgenera, and 31 species are recorded from Belize for the 1st time. A checklist of the 111 mosquito species now known to occur in Belize is presented.
INTRODUCTION: Preoperative anxiety is a common phenomenon. It is therefore necessary to investigate whether quantitative self-reporting anxiety scales can be helpful in the anaesthetic clinic and research. The aim of this study was to compare the state trait anxiety inventory (STAI), symptoms checklist 92 (SCL 92), the subscales anxiety and phobic anxiety, and a visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight women consecutively referred for elective breast surgery filled in the rating scales the day before the operation. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation was found between STAI, SCL 92, anxiety, and VAS. The patients' STAI and SCL 92 anxiety scores were markedly higher than that of the background population. DISCUSSION: In this study the STAI scale, SCL 92 anxiety, and VAS measure all essential features of the phenomenon. SCL 92 anxiety is nevertheless considered to be the most appropriate rating scale, because it has been validated in a Danish population.
Distribution and collection records for 3 previously unrecognized species, Anopheles barberi, Culex erraticus, and Ochlerotatus diantaeus, are included herein. This brings to 48 the number of recognized species from 11 genera in Connecticut. Also, an updated checklist of the mosquitoes of Connecticut that reflects the recent elevation of the subgenus Ochlerotatus to generic rank is presented.
UNLABELLED: We developed a Japanese version of the Everyday Memory Checklist(EMC), which was originally made by Wilson et al. to assess everyday memory problems, and examined its reliability and validity in assessing brain-damaged patients with memory deficits. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects consisted of 393 brain-damaged patients with memory deficits aged between 17 and 90 years with the mean MMSE of 24.6, and 132 control subjects aged between 19 and 86 years with the mean MMSE of 28.5. Patients' everyday memory problems were both self-evaluated and evaluated by their caregivers, while those of control subjects were only self-evaluated with the EMC. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability of the EMC evaluated in 149 randomly selected patients was acceptably high with intraclass correlation coefficient (0.950 for caregiver-evaluated scores and 0.759 for self-evaluated scores). The standard memory test scores were significantly correlated with the EMC scores of the patients evaluated by the caregivers; among them the scores of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test were most highly correlated with the EMC scores. On the other hand, the scores of the non-memory cognitive test scores were not significantly correlated with the EMC scores. The self-evaluated EMC scores of the patients were significantly lower than those of the patients evaluated by the caregivers, and were not correlated with memory test scores or with non-memory cognitive test scores. As the EMC scores of control subjects over 60 years were significantly higher than the scores of the subjects under 59 years, we compared the EMC scores between the patients and the control subjects after we divided each subject into two groups depending on age. The EMC scores of the patients evaluated by the caregivers were significantly higher than the score of the control subjects in groups of both over 60 years and under 59 years. However, the self-evaluated EMC scores of the patient were not significantly higher than the EMC scores of the control subjects. In the analysis of the diagnostic accuracy, the EMC scores of the patients evaluated by the caregivers correctly classified 40.9% of patients and 92.9% of normal subjects by setting the cut-off scores of 14/15 in subjects under 59 years, and classified 50.2% of patients and 85.5% of normal subjects by setting the cut-off scores of 16/17 in subjects over 60 years. CONCLUSION: When caregivers evaluated the amnesic patients, the Japanese version of the EMC is reliable and valid in assessing everyday memory problems.
This checklist of the mosquitoes of Idaho updates the list of Brothers (1971), adding 5 species. From the literature. 3, Ochlerotatus mercurator, Ochlerotatus nevadensis, and Ochlerotatus punctor, are added and 1, Ochlerotatus stimulans, is deleted. We are reporting 2 new state records, Ochlerotatus decticus and Ochlerotatus euedes, and extending their ranges westward in the United States. One new genus and 2 new subgenera are also added.
Symptoms of the Postconcussion Syndrome (PCS) were evaluated in a university sample, using the Postconcussion Syndrome Checklist (PCSC). Three hundred twenty-six participants completed a questionnaire regarding history of head injury, cognitive or psychosocial difficulties, and demographic data. Scores on the PCSC did not vary by self-report of head injury. Females, however, endorsed more frequent, intense, and prolonged symptomatology, regardless of history or severity of head injury. Only 5% of the sample endorsed more than 6 symptoms on the PCSC, suggesting a potentially useful cutoff for abnormality. The PCSC was significantly correlated with the Beck Depression Inventory, suggesting that general level of psychological distress is a key factor in evaluating symptoms of PCS.
Data relating to the standardisation of a short version of the 21 item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL 21) is presented. It confirms the presence of three factors, and provides group means and percentile scales that enable comparisons to be made between the scores of a non-clinical sample and those of two separate target groups that had been under stress. These comparisons give confidence that the rating scale is appropriate for the purpose for which it was used, and suggest that the HSCL 21 could be a useful tool for clinicians in Fiji to use as an adjunct to standard interviews in the assessment of the effects of trauma.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the inter-rater agreement between parents' reports and adolescents' self-reports of behavioral and emotional problems using cross-informant scales both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were participants in a longitudinal study of 695 school-aged children from the general population, aged 7-10 during the first assessment. They were evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist (completed by parents) and later, from 11 year-old, with the Youth Self-Report. The scoring format and factor structure of the two assessment instruments are similar; cross-informant syndromes constructed from the two instruments are based on parents' and self-report information. Measures included anxiety/depression, withdrawal, somatic complaints, aggression, delinquency and attention problems. RESULTS: Findings indicate that there is longitudinal stability in parents' ratings of children's behavioral problems. Our findings also confirm that adolescents, especially as they grow older, are indispensable informants about their problem behavior, because many of the problems they experience remain unnoticed by their parents. Adolescents reported higher levels of anxiety/depression, withdrawal, somatic complaints, aggression and delinquency, but lower levels of attention problems than their parents. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reflect the typical level of parent-child agreement in reports of problem behaviors as it occurs in other samples. Other investigators could use these data as a background, for testing of longitudinal associations and parent-child agreements in different samples.
Mosquito collections were carried out during April 2002 in Hong Kong. Twenty-six species of mosquitoes in 9 genera were collected, including 1 new record, Culex (Culiciomyia) nigropunctatus. Characteristics of larval habitats of these species are described and an updated checklist is included.
A checklist of mosquito species for Pondicherry, India, is presented based on collections made from November 1995 to September 1997. Mosquitoes of 64 species were found belonging to 23 subgenera and 14 genera, Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Coquillettidia, Culex, Ficalbia, Malaya, Mansonia, Mimomyia, Ochlerotatus, Toxorhynchites, Uranotaenia, and Verrallina. We report 25 new species for Pondicherry.
The main goal of this study was to standardize the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher Report Form (TRF) and Youth Self Report (YSR) questionnaire problem scales on a normative random sample of children and adolescents (N=3309) aged 7 to 18 throughout Croatia. The second goal was to compare boys-girls problem scales data and CBCL-TRF-YSR differences in our sample. The mean value of CBCL scores for the Total Problems scale for different groups (children/adolescents; boys/girls) ranged from 17.07 to 20.71. Overall instruments' internal consistency ranged from 0.83 to 0.86. In almost all the scales parents reported higher scores than teachers (p < 0.01). In all the scales adolescents reported significantly higher scores than their parents and teachers (p < 0.01). This study standardized the questionnaires for our specific socio-cultural circle, which satisfy complex psychopathology study criteria. Problem scales results in our sample suggest similarity to previous European researches.