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PubMedDate not supplied

Retrospective DNA analyses in cervical dysplasia as related to neoplastic progression or regression.

Intracellular DNA distribution was measured in cells from two groups of patients with moderate cervical dysplasia. One group consisted of patients who subsequently developed carcinoma in situ; the other consisted of patients whose lesions regressed to normality. Papanicolaou-stained slides were examined cytologically, and dysplastic cells were located. The slides were then destained and restained by means of the Feulgen DNA staining method, after which they were analyzed in a microspectrophotometer. The DNA distribution pattern of both groups was different from that of normal cells and exhibited the same characteristics observed earlier in premalignant cervical cellular atypias. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The results indicate that quantitative DNA determinations in cytomorphologically equivalent dysplastic cervical cells do not offer additional means of predicting the outcome of the lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

A brief review of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has been presented. Attempts have been made to identify the high-risk patient, and etiologic considerations have been detailed. The conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is available and applicable to many patients. Regardless of the definitive therapy used in CIN, it is absolutely mandatory that proper pretreatment evaluation be performed. This includes cytology, colposcopy, colposcopy-directed biopsies, and clinical examination to rule out invasive cancer. If this can be done according to the stated criteria, one may proceed with outpatient treatment. If performed accurately, such treatment can be very effective, saving the patient a major surgical procedure. This is of tremendous benefit to the patient in time and money saved, as well as to the saving of hospital bed space and operating-room time. For the young patient who has not yet completed her family or the patient who is pregnant, outpatient evaluation is probably the optimal method. If the techniques are unavailable or the physician managing the patient does not have the expertise to perform them, standard management by means of conization, which historically has been used in this disease, should continue to be used. The consequence of inadequate outpatient management of CIN can be catastrophic. If the procedures are properly followed, then the patient with CIN can be managed safely and effectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Effect of oviductal proteins on sperm functions and lipid peroxidation levels during cryopreservation in buffaloes.

A study was undertaken to find out the effect of addition of oviductal proteins on sperm functions and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in buffaloes. Oviductal flushings were collected from apparently healthy buffalo genital tracts (nonluteal and luteal stage of estrous cycle), centrifuged (3000 rpm; 30 min), filtered (0.2 microm) and frozen at -20 degrees C. The proteins in pooled nonluteal and luteal oviductal fluid were precipitated overnight using ammonium sulphate, centrifuged (10,000 rpm; 30 min) and dialyzed (>10 kDa). After protein estimation, aliquots of samples containing 10 mg proteins were lyophilized in cryovials and stored frozen at -20 degrees C. Six pooled good quality ejaculates collected by artificial vagina method from two Murrah buffalo bulls were utilized for the study. After fresh semen analysis, each pooled ejaculate was split into three parts and extended in Tris-Egg yolk-Citrate extender (20% egg yolk: 7% glycerol), so that final dilution yielded approximately 60 million sperm cells/ml and cryopreserved in 0.5 ml French straws (30 million sperm cells per straw) in LN2 (-196 degrees C). Before freezing, the nonluteal and luteal oviductal proteins (NLOP &LOP) were incorporated at the concentration of 1mg/ml of extended semen. The equilibrated and frozen thawed (37 degrees C for 30s) semen was evaluated for motility, viability and acrosomal integrity, bovine cervical mucus penetration test and hypo-osmotic sperm swelling test. Besides these tests, LPO level was assessed in sperm and seminal plasma in equilibrated and frozen thawed semen. Results revealed that addition of oviductal proteins to semen before freezing convey beneficial effect in terms of spermatozoan motility, viability and acrosomal integrity. Nonluteal oviductal proteins favored significantly (P < 0.05) higher sperm penetration distance in cervical mucus (23.00+/-1.15 mm) than the control group (15.00+/-3.46 mm) in frozen thawed semen. Similarly, swollen sperm percentage was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in NLOP treated group than the LOP included and control groups. In frozen thawed spermatozoa, the LPO level was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in NLOP added group than the LOP added and control group. It was inferred that incorporation of oviductal proteins in extender before freezing reduced the lipid peroxidation levels in buffalo spermatozoa during cryopreservation and thereby improved the post-thaw semen quality.

Acrosome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of immunological infertility by sperm washing and intrauterine insemination.

The purpose of this study is to review our experience with sperm washing and intrauterine insemination as a method to reduce the presence of sperm antibodies in serum of couples with immunological infertility. Our results support the premise that sperm washing and intrauterine insemination can diminish the level of sperm-bound immunoglobulins and can improve the chance of conception in a selected group of couples with a diagnosis of immunological infertility. Patients with > 50% attachment of IgG, IgA, or both antisperm antibodies in this study had a greater chance of achieving a pregnancy. The high level of antibody attachment seen in our study appears to represent true immunological infertility and therefore is more likely to respond to therapy that reduces antibody attachment and bypasses cervical mucus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of bull fertility using a mucus penetration test and a human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation test.

The relative predictive abilities of an in vitro mucus penetration test and a human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) stimulation test were compared for assessing bull fertility. Cervical mucus was collected from 22 Holstein cows and then stored in liquid nitrogen. Semen was collected from 13 Holstein bulls and evaluated for standard semen parameters. The mucus penetration test was performed with fresh ejaculates, and the results were expressed as the distance traveled by the vanguard spermatozoa during incubation at 38 degrees C for 10 min. Increases in plasma testosterone levels were determined by a ratio of testosterone concentration before and after hCG injection. Sperm motility and mucus penetration were significantly correlated with the conception rate. However, no significant correlation was confirmed between the increased plasma testosterone levels and conception rate. The results indicate that the mucus penetration test is an effective method for predicting the fertility of bulls.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Modulation of post-thaw sperm functions with oviductal proteins in buffaloes.

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of oviductal proteins obtained from various stages of the estrous cycle on spermatozoa characteristics in buffaloes. Oviducts were collected from apparently healthy buffalo genital tracts (nonluteal and luteal stage of estrous cycle) and separated into isthmus and ampulla. Each segment of oviduct (nonluteal and luteal) was flushed with PBS (pH 7.4). The flushing obtained was centrifuged (3000 rpm; 30 min), filtered (0.2 microm) and frozen at -20 degrees C. The proteins in pooled nonluteal isthmic and ampullary and luteal isthmic and ampullary fluids were precipitated overnight using ammonium sulphate, centrifuged (10000 rpm; 30 min) and dialyzed (>10 kDa). After protein estimation, aliquots of samples containing 10 mg proteins were lyophilized in cryovials and stored in frozen form at -20 degrees C. Six pooled good-quality ejaculates collected by artificial vagina method from two Murrah buffalo bulls were utilized for the study. After fresh semen analysis, each pooled ejaculate was splited into five parts and extended in Tris-egg yolk-citrate extender (20% egg yolk; 7% glycerol), so that final dilution yielded approximately 60 million sperm cells per ml, and cryopreserved in 0.5 ml French straws (30 million sperm cells/straw) in LN(2) (-196 degrees C). Before freezing, nonluteal isthmic and ampullary and luteal isthmic and ampullary proteins were incorporated at the rate of 1mg/ml of extended semen. The equilibrated and frozen-thawed (37 degrees C for 30 s) semen was evaluated for motility, live %, acrosomal integrity percentage, bovine cervical mucus penetration test and hypo-osmotic sperm swelling test. Besides this, spermatozoa from treatment and control groups were incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 h in sperm TALP. Among the nonluteal and luteal oviductal proteins, the former maintained higher (P < 0.05) post-thaw sperm motility, live %, and acrosomal integrity than the control group. Between the isthmic and ampullary proteins, the isthmic proteins incorporated group maintained higher (P < 0.05) post-thaw sperm motility, live %, and acrosomal integrity. Similarly, higher sperm penetration distance in cervical mucus was recorded in nonluteal isthmic proteins incorporated group. But, irrespective of the stage of an estrous cycle, isthmic proteins included group maintains higher sperm membrane integrity as revealed by higher (P < 0.05) swollen sperm percentage in response to hypo-osmotic solution than the ampullary proteins included and control groups. Similarly, at any time during incubation the sperm motility and viability was higher (P < 0.05) in isthmic proteins treated group than the ampullary and control group. But, the same trend was not observed in terms of acrosomal integrity percentages. It is inferred that inclusion of oviductal proteins in the extender prior to freezing improved post-thaw semen quality. Oviductal proteins differentially affected sperm function depending upon the region of oviduct and the stage of estrous cycle at which the proteins were obtained.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1990

[The sterile woman, the physician and time. Number of spontaneous pregnancies in patients with functional sterility].

We analysed a one to eight year follow-up of the women remaining infertile after a double-blind study of cyclofenil versus placebo to determine the frequency of pregnancy occurring independently of treatment. Pregnancy occurred in 64 women, 25 during treatment, 39 without treatment. We evaluated the effect of age, cause and duration of infertility on the pregnancy rate. The cumulative pregnancy rates at 36 months after the beginning of the study was 92 per cent for anovulatory cycles, 55 per cent for luteal insufficiency, 69 per cent for cervical mucus insufficiency and 49 per cent for idiopathic infertility. Of the 213 women entering the study, pregnancy occurred in 111 women, 47 in 3 cycles by a placebo effect, 39 without any treatment and 25 during a cycle with treatment. We conclude that the rate of treatment-independent pregnancy is high among infertile couples and that the two main therapeutic factors are time and the doctor-patient relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Traffic pollutants affect fertility in men.

BACKGROUND: Given the lack of consensus about the effect of traffic-derived pollutants on male fertility, we evaluated semen quality in men occupationally exposed to traffic. METHODS: Semen quality was investigated in 85 men employed at motorway tollgates and in 85 age-matched men living in the same area. Semen, circulating sex hormones, methaemoglobin, sulphaemoglobin, carboxyhaemoglobin, lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) protoporphyrin were assayed. Environmental carbonium oxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and Pb were also measured. RESULTS: Sperm count, and serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone were within normal range in both groups. Total motility, forward progression, functional tests and sperm kinetics were significantly lower in tollgate workers versus controls. In a subset of tollgate workers with motility below normal, methaemoglobin was inversely correlated with total motility, viability, the hypo-osmotic swelling test, the acridine orange test, the cervical mucus penetration test, linearity, and amplitude of lateral movement of the sperm head, whereas blood levels of Pb were inversely correlated with viability and sperm count. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that blood methaemoglobin and Pb were inversely correlated with sperm parameters indicates that nitrogen oxide and Pb adversely affect semen quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of abortion.

The possible role of C. trachomatis as a causative agent of abortion in humans was investigated using the tissue culture method for the isolation of chlamydia. Two cases of spontaneous abortion and another seven of recurrent abortion due to C. trachomatis were positively identified. Among those with recurrent abortion were four patients with history of second trimester abortion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Detection of the fertile phase from changes in cervico-vaginal fluid volume.

Characteristic changes in cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) volume which occur during the menstrual cycle might be used to detect the fertile phase. Twenty-five normal women were asked to withdraw CVF and measure its volume at home using a small, disposable, graduated vaginal aspirator. In 16 cycles day 0 (ovulation) was defined as the day of maximum follicular diameter according to serial ultrasound examination. A rise in CVF volume occurred between day -9 and -2 and a peak between day -4 and 0. In these sixteen, and in a further 72 cycles, day 0 (time of maximum fertility) was taken as the day of peak cervical mucus secretion. CVF volume rose, on the average, on day -6.2 (range -17 to -2) and peaked on day -0.8 (range -5 to +2). In two cycles, no rise and peak were identified. Changes in CVF volume were easy to recognise and could be useful to couples wishing to achieve pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Marsupialization for treatment of oral ranula: a second look at the procedure.

Simple marsupialization to manage oral ranula has fallen into disfavor because of excessive failures and the high incidence of iatrogenically caused cervical ranula that may follow this procedure. With the simple addition of packing the entire pseudocystic cavity with gauze after its unroofing, the rate of recurrence is minimized. It is recommended that oral ranula be treated initially by marsupialization with packing and, if recurrence occurs, then the offending sublingual gland should be excised.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Seminal antibodies to human 60kd heat shock protein (HSP 60) in male partners of subfertile couples.

BACKGROUND: Heat shock proteins (HSP) are essential mammalian and bacterial stress proteins. At the cellular level, they act as chaperones, have important regulatory functions, and are considered to be an essential factor for reproduction. Scarce information exists on the role of sensitization to HSP and the potential role in the aetiology of male infertility. METHODS: The potential association of immunoglobulin (Ig)A antibodies (Ab) to the human 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 60) with several parameters of subclinical male genital tract infection/inflammation and with semen quality and sperm fertilizing capacity was analysed in a prospective study. IgA Ab to human HSP 60 were determined in seminal plasma of 202 randomly chosen male partners of subfertile couples with a median duration of infertility of 4 years (range 1-15 years), who were asymptomatic for genital tract infection. After medical history and clinical examination, a comprehensive evaluation of semen quality, in aliquots of the same ejaculates used for HSP Ab determination, included: sperm analysis; local antisperm antibody (ASA) screening; standardized sperm-cervical mucus (CM) penetration testing; immunocytochemical round cell differentiation to determine seminal leukocyte counts; evaluation of complement fraction C(3) and of some pro-inflammatory cytokines; and microbial screening. Subsequent fertility was recorded after 6 months. RESULTS: The presence of HSP 60 IgA Ab in seminal fluid (total positive 6.9%) was significantly associated with leukocytospermia, the presence of C(3), and also with high interleukin (IL) levels in seminal plasma. HSP 60 Ab were not related to the bacterial colonization of ejaculates. There was no association of seminal IgA Ab to human HSP 60 with semen quality, determined with microscopical semen analysis, nor with local IgG- or IgA-class ASA. There was no relationship with sperm intrinsic motility and duration of motility in the sperm CM-penetration test, nor with sperm fertilizing capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The combined presence of IgA Ab to human 60 kDa HSP, leukocytes and other established infection/inflammation markers in semen might suggest a potential role of the immune response to heat shock proteins (HSP) in cases of silent male genital tract infection, but the results do not indicate a marked relationship of HSP 60 Ab in seminal fluid with standard parameters of semen quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Mucocele of the floor of the mouth (ranula): the result of interstitial salivary leakage].

Evidence in support of the theory that ranulas, with or without cervical extension, are caused by mucus escape from the sublingual gland is discussed. Our experience with 24 patients with large oral and cervical mucoceles is presented. In 2 of these patients a communication between Wharton's duct and the mucocele was demonstrated, presenting visible evidence for the mucus escape theory. Resection of the sublingual gland will cure the majority of large mucoceles of the floor of the mouth. However, the submandibular duct must also be examined in case this gland is also involved. Points in the operative technique are discussed. Although complete removal of the mucocele lining appears to be unnecessary, thorough removal of the mucus content is essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Electroejaculation versus vibratory stimulation in spinal cord injured men: sperm quality and patient preference.

PURPOSE: We compared semen quality and patient preference between penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation in spinal cord injured men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated 11 spinal cord injured men with penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation in random order. End points examined were semen analysis, sperm functional assessment, and patient pain scores (1 to 10) and preferred procedure. Differences between the procedures were determined with the paired Student t test. RESULTS: There was no difference in antegrade sperm count but penile vibratory stimulation specimens had greater motility (26.0 versus 10.7%), viability (25.2 versus 9.7%) and motile sperm count (185.0 x 10(6) versus 97.0 x 10(6)). The retrograde sperm count was greater (but not significant) in electroejaculation patients. The total (antegrade plus retrograde) and motile sperm counts were not different. There was no difference in immunobead test (all negative), cervical mucus penetration or sperm penetration assay, although the percent hamster egg penetration approached significance (53.7% for penile vibratory stimulation versus 22.1% for electroejaculation, p = 0.06). There was no difference in the peak blood pressures and no complications were noted. Pain scores were significantly greater for electroejaculation compared to penile vibratory stimulation (5.2 versus 1.7, respectively). All patients preferred penile vibratory stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: There was a slight advantage in sperm quality and a high patient preference in favor of penile vibratory stimulation. Penile vibratory stimulation should be attempted first to induce ejaculation in spinal cord injured men, with electroejaculation reserved for failures.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed2002

Pattern of clinical features of Kawasaki disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study the pattern of clinical features, complications, and outcome of Kawasaki disease among Saudi children. METHODS: Medical records and referral letters of all children (1997 through to 2001) diagnosed with Kawasaki disease were reviewed. This study was carried out at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Collected data included clinical features, laboratory results, echocardiogram findings, therapy, complications and outcome. RESULTS: Thirteen children (10 boys, 3 girls) were reviewed, age range from 0.3 to 7 years (mean 3.4 years). Nine patients met 5 out of 6 criteria for the diagnoses of Kawasaki disease and 4 met 4 out of 6 criteria and coronary aneurysm. Thirteen patients had fever and skin rash for more than 5 days, 12 had extremity and oral mucus changes, 9 had bilateral conjunctivitis, and 7 had cervical lymph node enlargement. Other associated clinical features include diarrhea, and aseptic meningitis in 3 patients, ischemia of the fingers and toes in 2, arthritis in 2, arthralgia in one, seizure and pneumonia in one. Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and elevated liver enzymes in one, hepatomegaly and normal liver enzymes in 2 patients. Cardiac complication seen in 4 patients (30%), all of them were boys, 3 had coronary artery aneurysm (4-7 mm) and one had giant aneurysm (9mm), one of the 3 patients had axillary and subclavian artery aneurysm as well. Two out 4 patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin within 10 days of illness and one was treated on day 21 and one was treated with aspirin alone. Aneurysmal changes persisted in 3 patients and resolved in one patient who was treated early. Extra-cardiac complications include reaction to intravenous immunoglobulin, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, hemophagocytic syndrome and ischemia of peripheral extremities. CONCLUSION: Our observation showed a high percentage (30%) of coronary aneurysm and unusual complications, this is most likely due to delay in the diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparison of the results of analyzing the clinical data from gynecological, ophthalmological and dental patients using a set of rapid methods for the diagnosis of herpesvirus infection].

Analysis of biological specimens from gynecological, ophthalmological, and stomatological patients was carried out using current express methods for diagnosis of herpes virus infection developed by the authors: enzyme immunoassay (EIA), time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-FIA), molecular hybridization and conventional immunofluorescence technique. Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) generated by us with epitope specificity for gpD HSV-2 were used in EIA and tr-FIA. F(ab')2-fragments of MCA used as sorbents and for preparation of conjugates were found to be by 250% more sensitive than intact IgG used for similar purposes. The employment of EIA based on MCA F(ab')2-fragments contributed to detection of 0.2-0.6 ng of virus-specific protein in a specimen. Comparison of the results of analysis of clinical specimens of broad spectrum (mucous secreta from the cervical canal of the uterus and posterior vault of the vagina, saliva, lacrimal fluid) by the above express methods for diagnosis of herpes virus infection revealed a high percentage of positive findings, none of the methods providing 100% diagnosis. The use of a set of methods makes the resultant information more objective. Therefore, in future the data obtained by a number of current express methods for herpes diagnosis should be compared.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1975

The use of tampons for identifying asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae infections.

Female contacts of males with gonococcal urethritis were screened for asymptomatic infection using self-inserted tampons. Results of cultures were compared with specimens collected with cervical swabs during a pelvic examination. The sequence of collection of specimens was randomized, and specimens were promptly incubated. Among 297 patients, 40.4% had positive cervical specimens and 35.4% had positive tampon specimens. A difference in rates of recovery by method of collection was 5.0% +/- 1.7%. A better correlation in results was noted among patients using oral contraceptives and among patients whose tampon specimen was collected after a pelvic examination. A relatively small difference in results by method of collection suggests that tampons may serve as an inexpensive screening device for sexually active women, especially in settings where pelvic examinations are not routinely performed, but where immediate processing of specimens is possible.

Adolescent↗