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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Head and neck cancer: detection of recurrence with PET and 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

PURPOSE: To evaluate positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in detection of suspected recurrence of head and neck cancer, and to compare visual, static, and kinetic analyses of the tracer uptake. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen dynamic FDG PET studies were performed in 15 patients. The images were interpreted visually, and the uptake was quantitated as the standardized uptake value (SUV) and as the regional FDG metabolic rate. RESULTS: Sensitivity of blinded visual interpretation of the PET images for the presence of malignancy was 88% and specificity was 86%. Malignant lesions accumulated significantly more FDG than benign lesions (P = .008 for SUVs, P = .002 for regional metabolic rates). When maximum uptake of FDG in the benign lesions was used as a threshold, the sensitivity of SUV analysis for malignancy was 75% and that of regional metabolic rates was 86%. CONCLUSION: Detection of recurrent head and neck cancer is feasible with FDG PET. Quantitation of FDG uptake assists in correct interpretation of the PET images.

Deoxyglucose↗
PubMed1990

Head and neck cancer: detection and therapeutics.

The stage of disease remains the major prognostic indicator for head and neck cancer. Five-year survival declines as the disease stage progresses. Currently, only stage I and stage II head and neck cancers are curable; thus, early detection is imperative. Treatment for stage III and stage IV disease is only palliative. Pharmacists can promote early detection by educating high-risk populations (patients who drink and smoke) and monitoring their use of nonprescription medications for palliation of symptoms. Patients with risk factors and symptomatology of head and neck cancer should be referred for proper medical evaluation. Thus, through education and communication, pharmacists can play an important role in the early detection and treatment of head and neck cancers.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

[Breast cancer detection and treatment (author's transl)].

The records of the district offices for cancer control in Berlin and Königs Wusterhausen were used in order to analyse changes in the detection and management of female breast cancer between 1955 and 1974. The proportion of new cases younger than 45 years has increased from 8 percent to about 13 percent. Since 1970 there has been an increase in stage I and a decrease of stage IV. From 1960 to 1969 only 71 percent of all patients were radically operated upon, but in 1973/74 the proportion rose to nearly 75 percent. The tendency to extend the indication for radical surgery affects elderly women (65 to 74 years) more than younger patients. Survival rate depends on clinical stage, age and mode of treatment. It can be expected that the survival rate will increase with more radical surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mammographic patterns and bias in breast cancer detection.

Wolfe's finding that some mammographic patterns (P2 and DY) are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer has been challenged by some authors who suggest that this is due to denser patterns concealing cancers present on the first examination: these cancers, it is argued, are diagnosed in later years, creating the spurious impression of increased cancer incidence. The authors examined this hypothesis in a series of patients with breast cancer but failed to find any evidence that the diagnosis was subject to systematic delay in patients with the P2 or DY pattern. Moreover, studies of a hypothetical model showed that bias in the detection of breast cancer was unlikely to account for more than a small increase in apparent cancer incidence. Thus it appears unlikely that such a bias is responsible for the risk of breast cancer observed in patients with these mammographic patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Probability of prostate cancer detection based on results of a multicenter study using the AxSYM free PSA and total PSA assays.

OBJECTIVES: The determination of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA) enhances the specificity of prostate cancer (CaP) detection. This study was undertaken to assess the performance of %fPSA in differentiating benign prostate disease from CaP and to determine the CaP probability estimates using the AxSYM Free PSA and AxSYM Total PSA assays. METHODS: In this prospective study, 297 men, 50 years old or older, with a total PSA level between 4 and 10 ng/mL and a nonsuspicious digital rectal examination were enrolled at 10 clinical sites. All subjects underwent at least sextant prostate biopsies to establish the diagnosis. fPSA and total PSA (tPSA) levels were determined using the AxSYM Free PSA and AxSYM Total PSA assays. Percent fPSA values were compared with tPSA values to determine the appropriate cutoffs for prostate biopsy and to calculate the CaP probability estimates. RESULTS: The strongest predictor of CaP in a logistic regression model was %fPSA (odds ratio 2.29), which contributed significantly more than age or tPSA to the predictive model. In this study population, a %fPSA cutoff of 26.4% would have detected 96% of subjects with CaP (sensitivity) and would have eliminated 27.4% of unnecessary biopsies (specificity). CaP probability estimates ranged from 9% to 69% and increased as the %fPSA value decreased. Men with a %fPSA level of 10% or lower had a 69% probability of CaP, and men with a %fPSA level of greater than 26% had a 9% probability of CaP. CONCLUSIONS: Percent fPSA values can help differentiate CaP from benign prostate disease and reduce unnecessary biopsies in 27% of men 50 years old or older whose digital rectal examination was normal and whose tPSA level was between 4 and 10 ng/mL. A %fPSA result can assist the physician and patient in determining the probability of CaP and assessing the need for prostate biopsy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Unexpected breast cancer detection after outpatient biopsy for benign lesion.

At the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, in its Outpatient Department, 1302 breast surgical biopsies were carried out in 1978. Fibroadenomas occurred in 44.2% and benign dysplasias in 39.3%. Sixty-two cancers (4.8%) and 23 atypical hyperplasias (1.8%) were unexpected findings, with an increasing incidence in women over 50. Seventy-nine duct resections were performed for significant nipple discharge and revealed 5 unexpected carcinomas and 28 papillomas or papillomatosis. In our opinion and experience, this procedure of performing breast biopsy in the presence of a solid lump in women over 30 without hospitalization improves early detection of cancer, lowers costs, cuts down admission waiting lists and increases the number of women who better accept a surgical diagnosis and treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Enhancing cervical cancer detection using nucleic acid hybridization and acetic acid tests.

Acetowhitening of abnormal cervical epithelium has been suggested as an indicator of increased cervical cancer risk. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 may also indicate increased cervical cancer risk. Hence, tests that detect these two abnormal conditions may augment that Papanicolaou smear (Pap test) as predictors of cervical cancer risk. The cohort consisted of 145 women aged 14 to 47 (mean 21 years) attending health clinics. Thirty women (20.6 percent) showed acetowhitening of the cervical epithelium following exposure to vinegar of 4-percent acetic acid content. Fourteen (9.6 percent) had a positive Pap test and 13 (9 percent) carried a cervical HPV infection as determined by the commercially available ViraPap and ViraType nucleic acid tests. Statistical analysis of the data showed a positive correlation between Pap, ViraPap and acetic acid tests results. The acetic acid test and the nucleic acid tests were the sole positive tests for 21 (14.5 percent) and nine (6.2 percent) women, respectively. Four women with negative Pap results were infected with HPV types previously shown to have an association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, carcinoma in situ and cervical cancer. The authors have concluded that the acetic acid and nucleic acid tests detect women at risk for cervical cancer who would not have been detected by the Pap test alone.

Acetates↗
PubMed1996

[A case of genitourinary double cancers detected by health screening].

A 58-year-old male with left renal cell carcinoma and prostatic carcinoma occurring synchronously, is reported. He visited our hospital, because of the high level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) pointed out in a health screening by his company. Prostatic cancer was detected in both lobes of the prostate by needle biopsy specimens and histopathology represented moderately > poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) revealed no cancer invasion beyond the prostate and no lymph node metastasis. Bone scintigram showed no abnormal RI accumulation to bone. Therefore, his prostatic cancer was considered to be at stage B2. Abdominal ultrasound echogram showed the mass lesion in the left kidney. CT and angiogram also demonstrated a left renal tumor. Left radical nephrectomy was performed and histopathology showed a mixed subtype of renal cell carcinoma (stage: pT2b, pN0, pM0). Although 94 cases of double cancers associated with genitourinary organs have been reported in the Japanese literature, only 4 cases of double cancers of renal cell carcinoma and prostatic cancer have been reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Cartilage invasion of laryngeal cancer detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

Cartilage invasion of laryngeal cancer has a significant impact on the choice of treatment modality and on the outcome for the patients. Cartilage invasion was evaluated radiologically and histopathologically in 18 patients who underwent total laryngectomy. The histopathological examination showed intracartilaginous tumor spread in nine specimens, whereas in the other nine no cartilage invasion was found. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected the cartilage invasion in six patients and excluded it in six. There were three false negative and three false positive findings from the MRI examination. The relatively common false findings of MRI should be kept in mind in the choice of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Oral cancer detection. The importance of routine screening for prolongation of survival.

The incidence of oral cancer has increased in the past ten years. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to long-term survival; however, patients at highest risk visit the dentist infrequently. The reddish, velvety or erythroplakial lesion at the base of the tongue or floor of the mouth is highly suspicious in any patient and requires further evaluation. High-risk patients with less suspicious appearing lesions must be reevaluated on close recall. Prognosis improves vastly when the lesion is detected and treated early. One study demonstrated a 64% five-year survival rate for patients with oral cancer that was diagnosed before regional lymph node involvement versus a 15% five-year survival for patients whose lesions were diagnosed after regional lymph node involvement. By including an oral cancer examination in routine physical examination of patients, the physician and public health nurse can increase the likelihood of early detection of oral cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Breast cancer detection today: an opinion.

The family physician, more than most other physicians, is faced with rapidly increasing demands for breast cancer screening. The old standby, physical examination, is now accompanied by mammography, xeromammography, and, more recently, thermography. In this paper, we present our opinion, based on the collective experience at the Mayo Clinic, regarding the use and effectiveness of the several modalities, including mammography, xeromammography, and thermography, available for detection of breast cancer today.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer: detection with MR imaging and FDG PET.

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with that of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[fluorine 18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Before radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in 35 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB or II cervical cancer, abdominal FDG-PET and MR imaging were performed. Malignancy criteria were a lymph node diameter of 1 cm or more at MR imaging and a focally increased FDG uptake at PET. The findings of FDG-PET and MR imaging were compared with histologic findings. RESULTS: Histologic examination revealed pN0-stage cancer in 24 patients and pN1-stage cancer in 11 patients. On a patient basis, node staging resulted in sensitivities of 0.91 with FDG-PET and 0.73 with MR imaging and specificities of 1.00 with FDG-PET and 0.83 with MR imaging. The positive predictive value (PPV) of FDG-PET was 1.00 and that of MR imaging, 0.67 (not significant). The metastatic involvement of lymph node sites was identified at FDG-PET with a PPV of 0.90; at MR imaging, 0.64 (P <.05, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: Metabolic imaging with FDG-PET is an alternative to morphologic MR imaging for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cervicography as an adjunctive test to visual inspection with acetic acid in cervical cancer detection screening.

OBJECTIVE: Validate Digital Cervicography as adjunctive cervical cancer screening test to VIA and Cytology. METHOD: Women (1292) were submitted to both cytological and VIA tests to obtain a sample of 301 positive VIA cases (23.3%) which have had the Digital Cervicography (DC) taken and evaluated. Just cases considered positive by DC (149/301 cases--49.5%) and/or positive Pap smear tests were referred to colposcopy and biopsy whenever indicated. RESULTS: Cervical smear was positive in 5.4%, including LGSIL (4%), HGSIL (1%) and one case of invasive cancer (0.4%), and 1.6% of ASCUS or AGUS). DC identified 81 positive cases (74 LGSIL; 5 HGSIL; 2 cancers). The sensitivity of cytology was 14.8%, and the DC was 100%. Corresponding specificities were 95.4% and 69.1%, respectively. The NPV and PPV for DC were 100% and 54.4%. CONCLUSION: DC increases sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of VIA, becoming a valid adjunctive screening test for cervical cancer in low resource settings.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1998

A study of rural Latino women seeking cancer-detection examinations.

The Latino women's breast and cervical cancer screening project, A Day for Latino Women, was a well-organized, collaborative effort between the Catholic community outreach program serving the rural Latino community, the local university, the university nursing program, and a rural-nurse-managed clinic. Eighty-one women were screened at the rural-nurse-managed clinic (TCHC) at no cost. Barriers to access such as the need for transportation, cost, and the need for child care were essentially eliminated to encourage use of the TCHC as a usual site of medical care for this ethnic population. Use of female FNP students attempted to eliminate traditional cultural embarrassment regarding examination by men. Peer relationships and social support for bilingual members of Centro Cuerpo de Cristo Catholic Ministry assisted in promotion and delivery of services to these women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Mammography and early breast cancer detection.

Screening mammography has been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality. Both film-screen mammography and xeromammography are highly sensitive and specific. Mammography accreditation programs assure physicians and patients that a facility provides mammography of the highest quality, using the lowest possible radiation dose. Mammographic signs of early cancer include a small mass, calcifications, architectural distortion and a neodensity. Dense tissue may result in a false-negative examination even when a cancer is palpable, with adverse effects if biopsy is delayed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

PSA markers in prostate cancer detection.

The PSA revolution that has occurred over the previous 2 decades has positively impacted the detection and treatment of men with prostate cancer. Although methods to improve specificity have shown promise (eg, PSAD, age-specific PSA, and PSA velocity), meaningful interpretation has yet to be uniformly accepted within clinical practice. The identification of other molecular forms of PSA within serum has led to a new era in PSA markers. Initial application employing %fPSA has provided improved discrimination between benign and malignant prostatic disease; however, questions remain regarding the ultimate threshold value. The discovery of various free forms of PSA--such as proPSA, BPSA, and iPSA--also have introduced the potential for improved specificity in detection. Although early results are encouraging, further evaluation is anticipated. The development of improved methods to detect and measure cPSA has demonstrated provocative results, and exhibits the potential to replace PSA as a standard diagnostic test in cancer screening.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Bronchial cancer in Berlin, capital of the G.D.R. 2. communication. lung cancer detection between 1955 and 1973 (author's transl)].

In Berlin, capital of the G.D.R., more than 8,600 cases of bronchial cancer were observed in the period 1955 to 1969 and in 1973/4. Number of cases has increased from one 5-years period to the following period. Incidence of lung cancer in men increased especially in higher age groups whereas in female a rising incidence can be seen in all age groups. Duration of history is no good measure of health behaviour and of diagnostic quality. Distribution of clinical stages gives reliable information on the situation of detection. With rising age, the proportion of advanced stages increases. Stage distribution has not changed during the observation period and no measurable progress towards earlier detection of lung cancer has been achieved. In the same time, proportion of elderly lung cancer patients rose considerably and the chances of radical surgical treatment grew worse. Nevertheless the resection rate has increased. It seems that the quality of specialized surgical care has made some progress. Some conclusions can be drawn for cancer control: Prophylactic examinations are to be concentrated on high risk groups. Patients with suspicion of lung cancer shall be admitted to the specialist without delay. Development of nonsurgical methods of therapy for cancer of the lung is an important goal.

Adult↗