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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Physiological data including evaluation of immuno-response in relation to anabolic effects on veal calves.

In a series of experiments with a total of 1480 veal calves, different aspects of treating calves with anabolic steroids were examined. The anabolics used were 17beta-estradiol (E), trenbolone acetate (T), progesterone (P), testosterone (Te), C+T, E+P, E+Te and zeranole (Z). The N-retention was estimated by examining the urea: creatinine ratio in single urine specimens during the course of two feeding trials. Increased gain due to the treatment with E (20 mg implanted/calf) + P (200 mg) and Te (200 mg), respectively, E + T (140 mg) or Z (36 mg) was during the whole experimental period. The extra gain, due to anabolics seems to contain even more protein. This conclusion may be supported by the crude protein content of meat samples. The antibody production of a total of 311 male and female calves was investigated after the application of the following steroids: E (20 mg), T (200 mg), T (200 mg), E + T, P (200 mg), Te (200 mg), E + P, E + Te, and Z. Eleven days after the implantation of the steroids the animals were immunized with alumprecipitated human serumalbumin. Antibody-titres were determined by the Antigen-Binding-Capacity Test on day 14 following immunization. In nearly all groups the antibody-titres of female calves exceeded those of male calves on the average by 75%. The immune response of all experimental groups did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding control groups. However, the results indicate that both E + T and its single components E and T exert an immunodepressive effect in male calves. While the humoral antibody formation in the calf appears not to be influenced by anabolic steroids, it cannot be decided presently whether these substances effect cell-mediated immune reactions and/or unspecific mechanisms of resistance. When estradiol (20, 200, and 500 mg) and trenbolone acetate (140, 1400, 3500 mg) alone and in combination were implanted in female calves, blood glucose, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, cholesterine and bilirubine; Hb, PVC, quick value; urine density and pH were not affected by treatment. Some criteria of the mineral metabolism (Ca- and P-levels in serum and bone) was not altered by treatment. Trenbolone (1 400 and 3 500 mg), especially with estradiol, caused a decrease of the serum Mg-level and of the Mg-deposition in the bone. It is discussed that Trenbolone affects the dig-metabolism of calves. Some morphological findings are worth mentioning. The weight of uterus was not affected by the different doses of E or T, but a combination E + T led to a surprising weight increase. The proliferation of uterine glandular cells was responsible for the increased uterine size. The lumen of uterus was partially filled with a watery liquid. The reduction of the ovarian weight was accompanied by a diminution of follicular size for all treated calves, most evident for E (200, 500 mg) + T (1400, 3500 mg). A decrease in the number of follicles was also found for these two groups. T (3500 mg) caused an abnormal size of the clitoris and led to a reduction of the size of thymus.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Passerini-Glazel technique of vulvovaginoplasty: a solution for upper outlet of the vagina].

Since 1988, we have performed the Passerini-Glazel technique, in 5 patients, between 7 months and 3 years old. All showed female pseudohermaphroditism with severe signs of masculinization, and consequently, high outlet of the vagina in the urethra, secondary to Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). The technique use is to get a functional and esthetically acceptable vagina at the expense of a urethral flap and two flaps of skin, coming from the hypertrophic clitoris. The results were excellent in all the patients. In one occasion it was necessary to insert a cylinder of vesical mucous to get a suture without tension of both hemivaginas. In one case there appeared a late vaginal stenosis that was solved with dilations. The present technique is indicated in those cases of CAH, with great testosterone impregnation, in which the vagina ends very high and her primary descent is difficult. It is also indicate in those cases in which there exists the risk of hurting the external sphincter, which would damage the urinary continence mechanism.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

[Echographic diagnosis and treatment of urethral instability].

Unstable urethra as defined by the International Continence Society is the condition where loss of urine is caused solely by a fall in urethral pressure. But the condition is rare and therefore the term Urethral Pressure Variations (UPV) is better used. The UPV are caused by activity of smooth and striated muscles. Frequently is associated with Genuine Stress Incontinence or Detrsor Instability that can make worse urinary loss. An urogynecologic work-up can reveal the presence of UPV by Urodynamic and ultrasound evaluations. The Urethral Pressure monitoring reveals the fast or slow intraluminal pressure fall between 10 to 20 cm H2O or more. The ultrasound examination carried out by a linear vaginal probe (5 MHz) can observe the contraction of the "prepubic muscle" (anterior pubo-urethral ligament + bulbo-spongious muscle) as a preliminary phase of urethral pressure fall. The prepubic muscle located from clitoris to the external meatus exert a force on the anterior and distal part of the urethra during the intraluminal pressure falls. With the section of this structure (muscle + ligament) we treated 9 patients diagnosed as having UPV with concomitant irritative urologic symptoms. Out of 9 women with a follow-up ranged from 1 to 23 months (mean 9,5), 5 patients (56%) were cured, 2 (22%) of them were improved, in the last 2 (22%) patients no change was observed. The complications were minimal only a vestibulo-vaginal increased sensitivity, and one case of dyspareunia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Vulvar vestibulitis].

In 1987 Friedrich defined the vulvar vestibulitis syndrome as "severe pain on vestibular touch or vaginal entry; tenderness to pressure localized within the vulvar vestibule; and physical findings confined to vestibular erythema of varying degrees". The vulvar vestibule extends laterally from the hymenal ring to a line of more keratinized skin on the labia minora (Hart's line). Anteriorly the vestibule reaches upwards to the frenulum of the clitoris and posteriorly downward to the fourchette. Characteristics of vestibulitis are the patient's complaint of entry dyspareunia, discomfort at the opening of the vagina and erythema and point tenderness discovered on palpation of the gland orifice with a cotton-tipped applicator (cotton swab is pressed gently in a circle around the base of the hymenal ring or at the posterior fourchette of the vagina). Women report severe pain at the vaginal introitus during intercourse, localized pain from tampon use. Pain developed in all patients during periods when they were sexually active, although there are a few reports of vulvar vestibulitis in celibate women. Vulvar vestibulitis may be acute or chronic. The cause of vulvar vestibulitis are most likely multifactorial. Vestibulitis may result from any infectious process that causes vulvovaginitis, irritants agents (soaps, sprays), antiseptics, creams, destructive treatments (cryosurgery, podophyllin, laser treatment), HPV, recurrent bacterial vaginosis, chronic candidiasis, altered vaginal acid-base balance. The candidal organism appears to play some role in this syndrome. Human papillomavirus appears to be an associated variable. An allergy-based etiology for vestibulitis has not been defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Androgen insensitivity syndrome. Clinical and endocrinologic study of 40 cases].

It was found on the basis of observation of 40 patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome carried out during over 25 years that in patients with female phenotype and male genotype the mean blood plasma level of testosterone was 6.4 +/- 1.6 ng/ml, corresponding to that characteristic for healthy males. In classical form of the syndrome there is absent or very scarce pubic hair in 100% of cases, normal development of mammary glands in 97% of cases, blind vagina of mean length 5.0 +/- 2.3 cm in 97% of cases and unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia in 30.3% of cases. In the incomplete form of androgen insensitivity normal development of mammary glands occurs in 71.4%, pubic hair in 57.1%, complete absence of vagina in 57.1%, blind vagina of mean length 2.5 cm in 42.9%, inguinal hernia in 71.4% and hypertrophy of clitoris of mean length 2.0 +/- 1.0 cm in 57.1% of cases, what distinguishes this form of the syndrome from classical form. In 85.7% of cases of incomplete form surgery for inguinal hernia is necessary; in 42.9% artificial vagina has to be created. Among the patients with the syndrome, classical form occurs in 82.5% and incomplete form in 17.5% of cases. Distinguishing between the two forms is fully justified because of clinical and therapeutic reasons. Though malignancy of the gonads appears infrequently among the patients with the insensitivity syndrome, but periodical control of the state of testes, especially at adulthood is necessary. Castration should be avoided before the patient attains full sexual maturity. Normal value of testosterone level, characteristic for men, suggests that lack of sensitivity to androgens of the target cells is the main cause of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The Robinow (fetal face) syndrome: a continuing puzzle.

The history of the Robinow (fetal face) syndrome and the evolution of the phenotype are presented. Non-specific and syndrome-specific abnormalities are listed, discussed and illustrated. Existence of an autosomal dominant and an autosomal recessive type has been well documented. The two forms can be distinguished phenotypically. Hypogenitalism, especially micropenis, is a constant feature in males, while females show only hypoplasia of clitoris and labia minora and are functionally normal. No biochemical or molecular anomaly has been identified.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Y-specific polymerase chain reaction for the interpretation of a chromosome marker.

Chromosome marker is a very special type of chromosomal aberration. In addition to their normal chromosomes, patients with this type of disease own one (or more) small, unrecognizable chromosome. The extra chromosome markers may originate from the products of breakage and translocation of other chromosomes. Interpretation of the chromosome marker is usually very difficult, but its presence is an important prognosis factor for patients if the marker originated from a Y chromosome, or its components. This study explores the possibility of interpreting the chromosome marker by Y-specific polymerase chain reaction. A pair of primers designed from one Y-specific DNA sequence was employed. By studying normal controls, the most specific conditions for the chain reaction were established. Comparison of normal males and females showed that this reaction is specific to males (that is, to the Y chromosome). Also one patient with a karyotype 46,X,+marker was studied. The external genitalia of this patient were female type except for an enlarged clitoris. Y-specific polymerase chain reaction showed that the patient did have the Y-specific sequence. The chromosome marker did originate from the Y chromosome. This work proposes that Y-specific polymerase chain reaction is an effective and necessary diagnostic procedure for patients with chromosome marker.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Neuroma of the vulva. A case report.

Even in the definitive textbook on vulvar conditions edited by Ridley no description of neuroma of the vulva exists, although neural tumors and neurofibroma are considered. The medical literature covering the past 25 years records only one case of terminal fiber neuroma in an episiotomy scar and one neuroma of the clitoris. The latter occurred in a patient with neurofibromatosis. This report documents a symptomatic neuroma of the labia minora considered to be the result of a vulval injury. It is postulated that dyspareunia related to episiotomy may be associated with disorganized proliferation of proximal nerve stumps. Because of the rarity and lack of expertise on management of vulval neuroma, we suggest that the International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease (ISSVD) further investigate this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Construction of the fixed part of the neourethra in female-to-male transsexuals: experience in 53 patients.

Genital construction in female-to-male transsexuals should ideally involve the creation of a competent neourethra, allowing the patients to void while standing. A short review of the literature on this subject is given. In our hospital, construction of the fixed part of the urethra up to the level of the clitoris has been accomplished using an anterior vaginal flap as described by Thompson and by Bouman in 46 subjects. Initially, serious complications such as vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistulas and urinary incontinence were encountered in this series. Subsequently, in experienced hands, this seems to be a technique with few risks. Formation of a urethrocutaneous fistula at the level of the female external urethral orifice can be successfully prevented using this flap. The problem of neourethral urine residue has still to be solved.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma in adult].

A case of virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma is reported. A 35-year-old woman was referred to our clinic because of left adrenal mass detected incidentally by ultrasonography. At the time of admission, facial acne, systemic hirsutism, hypertrophied clitoris and amenorrhea for two months were observed. Serum testosterone showed obviously high level and urinary 17-KS and 17-OHCS showed slightly high level. A computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous mass with calcification in the left adrenal region. Selective angiography revealed hypervascularity. Under the preoperative diagnosis of virilizing left adrenal tumor, left adrenalectomy was performed. The tumor measured 8 x 6 x 7 cm, and weighed 194 g. A diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma was made by pathological examination. Virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma is very rare in adults. We reviewed and discussed 10 cases of virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma in adults, including our case, in the Japanese literature.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

The morphological aspects of the innervation of the external urethral striated sphincter.

Innervation of the sphincter urethrae externus muscle was studied in 30 human fetuses with the aid of operation microscope. The investigated muscle receives direct branch from anterior roots of S2, S3, or S4, or from the trunk of the pudendal nerve. The branch to the muscle divides into 2 or 3 rami before it enters the muscle, or it divides into 2 or 3 terminal rami, and gives off the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Intersexuality in pigs: clinical, physiological and practical considerations.

Veterinary surgeons and practical pig farmers need to be aware of a condition that can have important deleterious consequences in a breeding herd. The animals in question have sometimes been referred to as hermaphrodites but would more correctly be termed intersexes. Whilst there is a complete spectrum of phenotypic sexual development within a population of such animals, the most common form is that of a putative female with a prominent up-turned vulva. Reflection of the vulval lips reveals a much-enlarged clitoris. There may be scrotal development, in conjunction with an enlarged penile and preputial sheath. Coarse hair and incipient tusk development may further indicate differing degrees of masculinization. Surgical exploration of intersex animals confirms a complete spectrum of gonadal types, ranging from 2 ovaries with a proportion of testicular tissue in one of them (i.e., an ovotestis) to 2, much-enlarged testicular-like structures with no detectable ovarian tissue. The gonads usually remain within the abdomen, but those with testicular tissue may descend to an inguinal or even scrotal location. The genital tract invariably comprises a bicornuate uterus, a partially vestigial Fallopian tube, and some development of one or both Wolffian ducts adjoining an ovotestis or testicular-like structure to form a convoluted epididymis. Spermatozoa are never present, either in abdominal or scrotal testicular tissue, nor are there any germ cells within the seminiferous tubules, only Sertoli-like cells. Due to the spectrum of gonadal types, sexual behaviour ranges from male-type aggressivity on the one hand to regular oestrous cycles on the other, with periods of standing oestrus during which intromission may be achieved. In animals with functional ovarian tissue in both gonads, foetal development has been observed, at least until days 25-30 of gestation. Almost all intersex pigs possess XX sex chromosomes and usually 36 autosomes; only a very small proportion are chimaeras or mosaics. Chromosome banding techniques have failed to demonstrate a portion of the Y chromosome translocated onto an X chromosome nor has molecular probing revealed the presence of the sex determining gene Sry or other classical Y-related DNA sequences, except in one instance. Breeding records suggest that the intersex condition results most frequently from the influence of an autosomal recessive gene carried by certain boars. Identification of such boars is therefore essential, as the incidence of intersexuality in their offspring may reach 4-5% or more. In terms of the pig industry, economic losses may result from: 1. Lack of fertility in intersex animals. 2. Aggressive behaviour in groups of growing/fattening pigs. 3. Boar taint in the carcase of animals possessing ovotestis. 4. Propagation of the deleterious condition, either by mating or more widely by artificial insemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Cancer of the vulva].

An analysis of 66 observations of cancer of the external genitalia is presented. This lesion was most frequently observed in patients aged from 51 to 75 (58 observations). Pruritus in the external genitalia region was the predominant symptom (47 cases), a more rare on--the appearance of tumor and pains in the vulva region (27 cases). In 45 females tumor was located in large and small pudendal lips, in 19-in the clitoris, and in 2-in the region of the commissura labiorum posterior. In examination 8 patients showed cancer of the vulva, stage 1, 24-stage II, 31-stage III and 3-stage IV. In 23 patients the combined treatment was employed, which initial step included short-focus roentgenotherapy of the primary tumor and deep x-ray irradiation of regional lymph nodes, 43 patients were subjected only to radiotherapy. An average survival in the patients following the treatment in all stages was 3.47 years. In the combined therapy it was 4.35, in radiotherapy-2.6 years.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cancer of the vulva].

UNLABELLED: Our study includes 50 patients operated on between on between 1970 - 1995 for vulvar carcinoma. The age of patients varied from 36 to 85 years old with a media of 59.4. The localisation of the lesions were: 42 (84%) on the major labia; 7 on the minor labia; 1 on the clitoris and 1 on the Bartholin's gland. Histopathologically there were 46 (92%) squamous carcinoma, 2 adenocarcinoma and 2 fibrosarcoma. The staging after FIGO classification: stage 1--7 patients (14%); II--22 (44%); III--20 (40%); IV--I (2%). Palpable lymphadenopathy in the inguino-femoral regions has been present to 24 (48%) patients, but with positive nodes (N+) only 16 (32%). Preoperative radiant therapy was applied to 21 patients (42%). All the patients were operated on: 1. total vulvectomy (vv) 15 cases (30%); 2. total vv + various lymphadenectomies 23 (46%); 3. partial vv 8 (16%); 4, different interventions 4 (8%). Iterative intervention for recurrencies: 9 cases (1 of them operated on by us 4 years anterior). Postoperative morbidity was present to 27 patients (52%): the main complication was the local infection of the wound +/- wound break-down; 5 of those patients presented also persistent lymphorrhagia. We don't noticed postoperative lymphedema of the inferior limb (limbs). Without postoperative lethality. Postoperative all the patients were submitted to a complimentary oncological treatment. The longest survival after the combined treatment was available specially for "N-"patients (but not exclusive). We verified 29 (58%) patients from the total of 50 (the rest being lost of evidence or having a short postoperative interval of time). The index of survival was: 1 year: 29 (100%); 3 years: 23 (79%); 5 years 16% (56%); and between 6 and 25 years 9 (31%). CONCLUSIONS: a) early diagnosis + therapy = good results; b) complex therapy is mandatory; c) optimal operation total vv + inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy; d) the optimal prognosis is available for "N-" cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The CO2 laser treatment of extensive skin changes to the vulva caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and refractory to other types of therapy].

The authors describe three cases of large vulvar lesions caused by HPV. One patient has condylomata covering entirely the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the perineum and the perianal area. The lesions made the structures of the vulva hard to distinguish. She was treated with podophyllin, Solcoderm and diathermy without effect. After 2 applications of Laser vaporisation 40 days apart she was completely cured. The other patient had two big squamous papillomata 3.5 by 3.5 cm and 0.5 cm thick situated on both sides of commissura posterior. She was also treated unsuccessfully with Podophyllin, Solcoderm and surgical excision. She was completely cured by a single-stage CO2-laser treatment. The third patient had condylomata acuminata of the labia minora and majora, fossa navicularis, the perineum and the perianal area. No other treatment had been attempted before. After two sessions of laser vaporisation she was cured, too.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Substantiation of prognosis in cancer of the vulva].

Based on the analysis of clinico-morphological findings in 302 patients with cancer of the vulva, the author pinpoints further the prognostic value of the factors characterizing the peculiar features of primary tumor and its local and regional spread. The 5-year survival was noted in 56.3%. The prognosis is found to be worse in a decreased degree of tumor histological differentiation, its localization in the clitoris region, in endophytic growth, the increased perimeter and infiltration of underlying tissues, and if regional lymph nodes are involved by metastases.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1996

A reconsideration of object choice in women: phallus or fallacy.

Within the context of Freud's theory of instinctual drives, analytic data from three female patients are presented which refute his concept that penis envy is the basis for female object choice. Contrary to Freud's theory, these patients did not feel their genitalia or genital arousal were inadequate. Rather, they believed their genital sexuality and fantasies were powerful and gratifying, but dangerous and bad. Their subsequent guilt and fears led secondarily to their defensive wish to have a penis to avoid their core conflicts; their penis envy was pathological. The data unequivocally demonstrate that the clitoris is not an inferior organ, but is the locus for the initiation of intense pleasure and occasional orgasm as early as ages four to six, when vaginal awareness also is present. In addition the material provides evidence that girls choose fathers to feel loved and valued, and that their wish for a baby is not a substitute for a relinquished wish for a penis. Observational studies and a vignette suggest that the instinctual drives of the genital phase coalesce with a change in object relations, forming an important motivation for a girl to switch her primary love object from her mother to her father.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Robinow syndrome: report of one case.

We report a 2-month-old infant with Robinow syndrome. Clinical manifestations included short stature, characteristic facies, mesomelic brachymelia, brachydactyly, camptodactyly, duplication of thumbs, hypoplasia of clitoris, and deformed pronated foot. A cytogenetic study revealed a normal female karyotype. Chest radiography showed rib anomalies, a vertebral anomaly in T8, narrowing of interpedicular distances and flaring with slight thickening of the bone cortex in the bilateral humeral bone. Hand and foot radiography showed generalized shortening include unequal size of metacarpal, metatarsal and phalangeal bones. In our case, sporadic or autosomal recessive inheritance was most likely. The literature is reviewed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗