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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Immune response to the cestode Hymenolepis nana: cytokine production during infection with eggs or cysts.

Analysis of cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5) by in vitro Con A-stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells measured daily after egg or cyst infection of mice with Hymenolepis nana showed that cytokine production varies during parasite development and between different host strains (BALB/c and C3H/He mice). Egg infection stimulates a rapid increase in IFN-gamma, independent of mouse strain. In addition, in BALB/c mice a Th2-like response (IL-4, IL-5 secretion) was stimulated 4-5 days p.i., when the parasites are thought to begin their lumenal phase. After infection with cysts significant increases in IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 were observed at the time when autoinfection with eggs is thought to occur. The level of IFN-gamma paralleled that seen after a primary egg infection. This suggests that there is a predominantly Th1-type response during the tissue phase of H. nana development and that, in BALB/c mice, a Th2 polarization occurs during the first few days of the lumenal phase. The cytokine patterns observed are discussed in relation to host responses during chronic helminth infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Differentiation and ultrastructure of oncospheral and uterine envelopes in the nematotaeniid cestode, Nematotaenia dispar (Goeze, 1782).

The oncospheral envelopes of infective eggs in Nematotaenia dispar include the outer envelope with 2 sublayers, the inner envelope with a fibrillar embryophore and 2 cytoplasmic sublayers, and the oncospheral membrane. They differentiate from 3 primary embryonic envelopes, capsule, outer and inner envelope. The uterine envelopes are formed around the early embryos by processes of uterine epithelial cells, which surround the capsules. They degenerate rapidly in later stages; however, some structural components of the uterine envelopes were still visible in gravid proglottids as flattened perikarya with pyknotic, lobate nuclei, residual membranous structures and cellular debris situated usually between eggs. The following ultrastructural features of oncospheral envelopes differentiation appear to be characteristic for N. dispar: (1) lack of the outer capsule or shell in the fully mature eggs; (2) bi-layered structure of the outer envelope and tri-layered structure of the inner envelope; (3) absence of hook region membrane resulting probably from its early disintegration; (4) presence of small vesicles or "pits" incorporated into the inner envelope plasma membrane; (5) presence of densely packed microtubules in the external layer of the inner envelope; (6) changes in number of mitochondria and free ribosomes in the external and internal layers of inner envelope during egg maturation; and (7) probable "passage" of mitochondria and free ribosomes through the embryophoral pores in the developing eggs.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1997

Novel benzamil-sensitive sodium-independent choline transport in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta: evidence for sodium channels uptake at low pH.

The uptake of choline by the tegument of Hymenolepis diminuta was investigated. The Q10 at pH 7.0 was 1.7, with an Ea of 90 kJ.mol-1. Choline transport was pH sensitive: At pH 5.0, a Na(+)-independent mechanism predominated, which was inhibited by 100 nM benzamil, 130 mM Na+, and 300 microM verapamil. At pH 7.0, the Na(+)-independent mechanism was inhibited by 130 mM Na+, amiloride, and EIPA with IC50's of 130 microM and 30 microM, respectively, and by benzamil with IC50's of 100 pM (high-potency Benzamil Sensitive Component; HBSC) and 70 microM (low-potency Benzamil Sensitive Component; LBSC). Calcium-free saline enhanced choline uptake non-specifically. Lanthanum3+, Gd3+, gramicidin, nigericin, and high-K+ did not affect choline uptake at pH 5.0 or pH 7.0, and 10 microM verapamil was without effect at pH 5.0, suggesting no significant role for the electrical potential difference across the brush-border membrane, a Na+/H+ antiporter, a Na+/Ca2+ antiporter, or Ca2+ channels in choline uptake. Under physiological conditions, the HBSC accounts for approximately 25% of the total choline taken up at pH 5.0, while the LBSC accounts for approximately 55% of the choline taken up at pH 7.0. The data suggest novel choline transporting mechanisms; an HBSC which displays properties in common with apical Na+ channels, and a unique LBSC of choline transport.

Amiloride↗
PubMed2002

Serologic and molecular diagnosis of zoonotic larval cestode infections.

Neurocysticercosis, cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis are the three major zoonotic larval cestodiases worldwide and threatening human life. Early therapeutic treatment based on early differential diagnosis at the early stage of infection and epidemiological surveillance with the expectation for control and prevention are the keys for improvement of quality of human life. Recent advances in (1). differential serodiagnosis of these three diseases, (2). molecular identification of human taeniid species and (3). polymorphism of mitochodrial DNA highly informative for future molecular epidemiology are reviewed in this article.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The anoplocephalid cestode parasites of the spectacled hare-wallaby Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould, 1842 (Marsupialia: Macropodidae).

Progamotaenia gynandrolinearis sp. nov. is described from the small intestine of Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould, 1842 from Barrow I., Western Australia. It is distinguished from other species by the small number of testes arranged in a single transverse row. Progamotaenia lagorchestis (Lewis, 1914) is redescribed. The name Progamotaenia thylogale sp. nov. is proposed for a second species described previously under the name P. lagorchestis. Progamotaenia zschokkei (Janicki, 1905), Progamotaenia festiva (Rudolphi, 1819) and Progamotaenia villosa (Lewis, 1914) were also found in L. conspicillatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Presence of cholesterol in the neutral lipids of three sheep cestodes.

The adult worms of Stilesia globipunctata, Avitellina centripunctata and Moniezia expansa with immature, mature and gravid proglottids and having almost the same length were collected simultaneously from the sheep intestine. Neutral lipid concentration is about 2.2, 1.24 and 18.4% of the dried worm tissue respectively. Cholesterol is 87.8, 85.7 and 88.0% of the unsaponifiable material respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

On two new linstowiid cestodes from Australian dasyurid marsupials.

Two new species of the genus Oochoristica Lühe, 1898 from Australian dasyurid marsupials are described and their affinities discussed. The new species are O. antechini sp. nov. from Antechinus macdonnellensis and O. eremophlia sp. nov. from Antechinus rosamondae.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Chemical nature and mode of stabilization of eggshell/capsule of some cyclophyllidean cestodes.

The chemical nature and mode of stabilization of the eggshell/capsule of Moniezia expansa, Avitellina lahorea and Stilesia globipunctata have been investigated using histochemical techniques. In M. expansa where vitelline glands are present, the eggshell is stabilized by -S-S and -S-H linkages whereas in A. lahorea and S. globipunctata, the vitelline glands are absent and the double membranes, fibrous capsule and paruterine organ contain mainly elastokeratin-type structural protein. The possible role of the vitellaria in the presence or absence of eggshell and its thickness is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ascorbic acid levels in the proglottides of four species of cestode parasites of mammals and birds in relation to their sexual maturity.

Ascorbic acid levels were found to be closely related to different stages of growth and maturity of Avitellina centripunctata, Moniezia expansa, and Stilesia globipunctata from goats and sheep and of Raillietina echinobothrida from fowl. The ascorbic acid level in avian parasites was higher than that in mammalian. The level was highest in immature proglottides and lowest in gravid proglottides.

Animals↗