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Tapeworm proglottids and eggs of Bertiella sp. were reported from the stools of a 28-year-old Yemeni male worker in Saudi Arabia, who complained mainly of non-specific gastro-enteritis. This appears to be the first report of an Anoplocephaline infection in man in Saudi Arabia. Niclosamide was effective in removing the parasites.
This study concerned the suitability of rainbow trout as an experimental host for plerocercoids of Triaenophorus crassus. Twenty-five trout were exposed to Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi infected with procercoids of T. crassus. Plerocercoids were recovered from 11 of these fish. Hemorrhaging in the muscle was the first evidence of infection in live fish between Days 22-58 postinfection (PI). Migration of worms created extensive lesions in the muscle by Day 30 PI followed by formation of granulomas between Days 45-75 PI. One to three plerocercoids were wound throughout the muscle after Day 30 PI, and penetration into the body cavity and through the integument was common. Mortality of infected trout was first observed at Day 44 PI, and by Day 56 PI, 45% of the trout died. The swimming behavior of infected trout was marked by decreased activity and loss of equilibrium.
Eighteen species of fishes were collected during the open water (1985-1987) and winter seasons (1985-1986) from Dauphin Lake, Manitoba, Canada (51 degrees 17'N, 99 degrees 48'W) and examined for plerocercoids of Ligula intestinalis (L.). Plerocercoids were most prevalent (5.3%) in spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius), the major fish host for Ligula in Dauphin Lake. Detailed analysis of the spottail shiner-Ligula host-parasite system revealed that the number of plerocercoids differed between years and among habitats but there was no statistically significant seasonal pattern; recruitment of new worms was highest in young fish and decreased with age, and infected spottails had reduced gonad development. Analysis of host and parasite growth revealed that the soma of male spottails infected with Ligula weighed more but had a reduced growth rate. Growth rate of females was unaffected by Ligula but somatic weight was slightly increased. This appears to be related to the greater metabolic stress on infected males. Based on increased mean somatic weight and skewness of the weight distribution for infected fish, we propose that infected spottails are subjected to size-selective mortality. Some of the contradictions in the literature may be attributed to underestimated prevalence due to increased numbers of spawning fish in the spring, mixed age-classes of Ligula in separate age-classes of fish, and differential effects on growth due to infection in male versus female hosts.
The occurrence of two palearctic Proteocephalus species, P. percae and P. cernuae, in the perch and ruff, respectively, was studied in two areas of northern Finland in 1977-1983. In the Bothnian Bay, 243 perch (Perca fluviatilis) and 406 ruff (Gymnocephalus cernuus) were studied, of which 60% and 40%, respectively, were infected, while in Lake Yli-Kitka the prevalences were 10% in 213 perch and 24% in 307 ruff. Higher mean intensities of infection were found in the Bothnian Bay fish than in those from the lake, but no infected fish had as many as 10 worms. Proteocephalus infection in the perch and ruff did not vary significantly according to the length of the fish in either area, except that no P. percae were found in perch smaller than 70 mm in the lake. There was a prominent seasonal variation in the occurrence of P. cernuae in the ruff in both areas, but especially in the lake, where no proteocephalids were found in the ruff in July-October. Overlapping of generations was evident in P. percae in the sea perch, although only by virtue of the lack of mature worms at the end of the summer. Some mature proteocephalids were also found in winter in both fish species in the sea and in the ruff of the lake. The higher mean intensity values in winter, especially in P. cernuae infection in the sea ruff, may be explained partly by the active feeding of the ruff at this time in spite of very low water temperatures. Feeding activity in the perch is lower in the winter, and hence a lower mean intensity of P. percae infection was seen especially in the lake material at that time.
In an experiment to study the infectivity, growth and virulence of Schistocephalus solidus in their first intermediate host, copepods of the species Macrocyclops albidus were kept singly and exposed to up to 9 coracidia. Eleven or 14 days post-infection (p.i.) the presence and growth of the cestode larvae relative to survival, growth and reproduction of their host was determined. As expected, the probability of a copepod becoming infected increased with increasing numbers of parasites administered. However, the chances of a single coracidium establishing in a copepod also increased with increasing numbers of coracidia administered, which indicates that the parasites profit from a dilution effect of the host's defence. Copepod size or developmental stage had no significant effect on the infection, but 14 days p.i., constraining effects of copepod size on the growth of the parasites were apparent. Moreover, procercoids in multiple infections grew smaller and developed their cercomer at a smaller size than those in single infections. No significant effect of the parasite on host mortality was found within the observation period. However, growth between the 5th copepodid stage and adult stage was negatively affected by infection. An infection with S. solidus was also strongly linked with host reproduction: infected females were more likely to bear an egg sac at the end of the experiment than non-infected ones. These egg sacs, however, contained fewer eggs.
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Two kinds of homogeneous proglottid, mature and gravid, of Dipylidium caninum were used as the antigens for immunodiagnosis of canine dipylidiosis in stray dogs in Tainan, Taiwan. The ELISA was performed on 30 serum samples; 24 from dipylidiosis, four from ancylostomosis and two from toxocariosis. The ELISA have specificity and sensitive of 100 and 50% for mature proglottid extract, and 75 and 100%, respectively, for gravid proglottid extract. EITB technique showed two major peptide bands of 94.8 and 97.9kDa were recognized in the sera pool of infected dogs.
A comparative analysis of indices of peroxidation lipids in tissues of Ligula inteslinalis plerocercoids and in the intermediate fish host, the bream Abramis brama, was performed for the content of common lipids (CL), malonate di-aldehyde (MDA), which is a product of lipid peroxidation (POL), and common antioxidate activity (CAA). The dependence of indices upon size of parasites is recovered. The long-sized parasites had higher rate of MDA and intense CAA. The higher rate of MDA and low one of CAA was observed in the infected fishers comparing to the healthy ones.
Two cases of Dipylidium caninum (dog tape worm) infection occurring in children are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The diagnosis and treatment with praziquantel, a new broad spectrum antiplatyhelmintic, are described. The importance of this pet associated infection is discussed with special reference to preventive measures.
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The tapeworm, Dipylidium caninum, occurs worldwide in dogs and cats. It may occur rarely in children, when the infection may be unrecognised or misdiagnosed. We report such a case.