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Results for “Arm Injuries”

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PubMed1987

Can the use of radiography of arms and legs in accident and emergency units be made more efficient?

The efficiency of the selection of patients with injured arms and legs for radiography was investigated. The analysis was based on data on presenting signs and symptoms collected in a multicentre study organised by the Royal College of Radiologists working party on the effective use of diagnostic radiology. The work was carried out in eight accident and emergency units in England and Wales. With the help of various computer simulation techniques a combination of signs and symptoms that might usefully improve present practice was sought. The results suggest that for injuries of arms and legs the clinical determinants of bony injury cannot be refined further to improve current selection for radiography. This study shows that existing clinical practice is probably as good as it can be.

Accidents↗
PubMed2005

The effect of wrist guard use on upper-extremity injuries in snowboarders.

The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of wrist guard use on all upper-extremity injuries in snowboarders. This matched case-control study was conducted at 19 ski areas in Quebec, Canada. Cases were 1,066 injured snowboarders who reported upper-extremity injuries to the ski patrol during the 2001-2002 season. Controls were 970 snowboarders with non-upper-extremity injuries who were matched to cases on ski area and the nearest date, age, and sex, in that order. The response rate was 71.8% (73.5% for cases and 70.1% for controls). Cases were compared with controls with regard to wrist guard use. The prevalence of wrist guard use among snowboarders with hand, wrist, or forearm injuries was 1.6%; for those with elbow, upper arm, or shoulder injuries, it was 6.3%; and for controls, it was 3.9%. Thus, wrist guard use reduced the risk of hand, wrist, or forearm injury by 85% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.05, 0.45). However, the adjusted odds ratio for elbow, upper arm, or shoulder injury was 2.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 7.81). These results provide evidence that use of wrist guards reduces the risk of hand, wrist, and forearm injuries but may increase the risk of elbow, upper arm, and shoulder injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Lateral impact injuries with side airbag deployments--a descriptive study.

The present study was designed to provide descriptive data on side impact injuries in vehicles equipped with side airbags using the United States National Automotive Sampling System (NASS). The database was queried with the constraint that all vehicles must adhere to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards FMVSS 214, injured occupants be in the front outboard seats with no rollovers or ejections, and side impacts airbags be deployed in lateral crashes. Out of the 7812 crashes in the 1997-2004 weighted NASS files, AIS > or = 2 level injuries occurred to 5071 occupants. There were 3828 cases of torso-only airbags, 955 cases of torso-head bag combination, and 288 inflatable tubular structure/curtain systems. Side airbags were not attributed to be the cause of head or chest injury to any occupant at this level of severity. The predominance of torso-only airbags followed by torso-head airbag combination reflected vehicle model years and changing technology. Head and chest injuries were coupled for the vast majority of occupants with injuries to more than one body region. Comparing literature data for side impacts without side airbag deployments, the presence of a side airbag decreased AIS=2 head, chest, and extremity injuries when examining raw data incidence rates. Although this is the first study to adopt strict inclusion-exclusion criteria for side crashes with side airbag deployments, future studies are needed to assess side airbag efficacy using datasets such as matched-pair occupants in side impacts.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Missed arterial injuries in military patients.

BACKGROUND: Military vascular injuries frequently result from fragment wounds while civilian vascular injuries usually are caused by gunshot wounds. The natural history of untreated major injuries by small low velocity fragments is not well known. This study evaluated the nature of these wounds. METHODS: From 1990 to 1995, 40 patients with a delayed diagnosis of an arterial injury in the extremity, abdomen, or neck were treated. The median delay between injury and diagnosis was 60 days. All patients had been seen at other military hospitals immediately after trauma. RESULTS: During initial hospitalization, immediate exploration had been performed in 23 patients and arteriogram in 3 patients. According to analysis of the records of patients, none of them had hard signs of vascular injury at the time of initial evaluation after trauma. Complications of missed arterial injuries included the following: false aneurysm, 21 (52.5%); arteriovenous fistula, 14 (35%); and occlusion, 5 (12.5%). The superficial femoral artery (n = 11) was the most commonly injured vessel. The remaining arteries included the following: carotid, 2; vertebral, 1; subclavian, 5; axillary, 2; brachial, 3; radial or ulnar, 2; internal iliac, 2; common femoral, 1; profunda femoris, 2; popliteal, 1; tibioperoneal, 8. Thirty-eight patients had penetrating wounds (21 fragments, 9 gunshot, 3 shotgun, 5 stab wounds), and only 2 patients had blunt trauma. All patients underwent surgery. There were no deaths and no loss of extremity, but 10 patients had fair results and only 4 patients required later reoperation. CONCLUSION: Traumatic arterial injuries that particularly are caused by low-velocity small fragment wounds can result in serious delayed complications months or even years after the injury. Patients with penetrating injuries must be closely monitored, and arteriography is recommended to evaluate the conditions of patients with potential vascular injury even when overt clinical signs or symptoms of vascular injury are absent.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Prospective study of the effect of safety belts in motor vehicle crashes.

Trauma resulting from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) is the leading cause of death in persons 1 to 38 years old. The following prospective study was undertaken to assess the effect of safety belts on the types of injuries sustained in MVCs. A total of 1,364 patients from four Chicago-area hospitals were evaluated prospectively during a six-month period. Safety belts reduced the incidence of head, facial, thoracic, abdominal, and extremity injuries sustained in MVCs. Spinal injuries comprised the only group in which safety belt wearers sustained injuries more frequently than safety belt nonwearers. Further research on the different safety belt designs and effects of air bags is needed to reduce the incidence of cervical and lumbar strain in restrained patients.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗
PubMed1989

Restoration of elbow flexion using the latissimus dorsi musculo-cutaneous flap.

The latissimus dorsi myo-cutaneous flap has been used for restoration of elbow flexion in 8 cases. The indication for this transposition were brachial plexus injuries, significant trauma to the upper limb and restoration of arm contour. The surgical technique involved unipolar muscular transposition (4 cases) with tendon plication (one case) and bipolar transposition (three cases). The evaluation of results is based on the force and degree of elbow flexion, active pronation and supination, as cortical integration. We consider that we have obtained good results in 5 cases and moderate results in three. We think that the latissimus dorsi pedicle transfer for restoring elbow flexion, is an excellent procedure which can give a good functional result with minimal donor site sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1967

Injury by stabbing.

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Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2002

[Treatment of multiple lacerated wounds of the face and upper limbs].

We describe a case of severe face and upper extremities injury obtained in accident. 30 cm x 12 cm left arm soft tissue defect covered with thoracodorsal myocutaneous flap after necrectomy. After 10 days a microvascular transplantation of scapular fasciocutaneous flap was performed thus covering a 15.8 cm x 10.5 cm soft tissue defect in face. Eighteen days after trauma autodermoplastica was done in a 35 cm x 11 cm would of the right arm. The patient was discharged after 6 weeks of treatment. October 19, 2000 reconstruction of left ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris) was performed using sural nerve (n. suralis) grafts. Debulking of scapular flap in face was done simultaneously. Eighth months after trauma the patient returned to work. A good esthetic effect was observed.

Accidents, Traffic↗