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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Body composition of preterm infants measured during the first months of life: bioelectrical impedance provides insignificant additional information compared to anthropometry alone.

UNLABELLED: Detailed knowledge of body composition in preterm neonates during their later postnatal period may be important for the treatment process. However, little consideration has been given to test whether bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a useful bedside method to predict fat-free mass (FFM). The aim of the study is to assess whether BIA is a bedside method to measure FFM in preterm neonates. FFM of 118 white subjects (51 males, 67 females), mean gestational age of 30.1+/-3.1 weeks and birth weight of 1.26+/-0.47 kg, was measured at a gestational age of 38.6+/-3.8 weeks and actual body weight of 2.6+/-0.54 kg using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (FFM(DXA)). Weight (W), height (Ht), and bioelectric impedance (I) measurements were collected. Multiple regression analysis was performed to develop prediction equations to estimate FFM with impedance index (Ht(2)/I, cm(2)/Omega) and W (kg) as predictor variables. Bootstrap analysis was performed for validating the derived prediction equations. Correlations between FFM(DXA) and weight were 0.96, 0.98, and 0.97 in boys, girls, and both sexes, respectively. Those between FFM(DXA) and Ht(2)/I were: 0.73, 0.81, and 0.79. Equations used to predict FFM (kg) were for boys: FEM = 0.05Ht(2)/I + 0.68W + 0.40(R2 = 0.919) and for girls: FFM = 0.04Ht(2)/I + 0.71W + 0.29(R2 = 0.957). CONCLUSIONS: In preterm neonates, weight is a more effective predictor of FFM than impedance index. The study provides a bedside procedure for estimating FFM, mainly based on anthropometric parameters rather than BIA.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1985

Anthropometry of the Hong Kong male and the design of bus driver cabs.

This study investigated the proposition that the crabs of buses imported into Hong Kong were not suited to the anthropometric characteristics of the local Chinese bus drivers. A 'recommended' cab design was derived from static anthropometric data; relationships between pedals, steering wheel and seat, and the range of seat adjustments were specified. Overall static anthropometric data were available but additional data had to be estimated by constructing manikins based on the available Hong Kong static data with joint positions derived from data for the US male population. Seven bus cab designs in current use were compared with the ' recommended' design. None of them satisfied all the 'recommended' design specifications, the most serious deviations being the excessive height of the seat above the floor and pedals, and insufficient lateral separation between the pedals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Anthropometry of elderly people in the Netherlands; research and applications.

In order to fill the need for useful ergonomic data on elderly people, an anthropometric investigation has been conducted in several old people's homes in The Hague, the Netherlands. Twenty-five functional body dimensions of 822 elderly people were measured using methods based on international standards. The results have been used to compile a set of ergonomic recommendations and are being implemented in an existing CAD-model called ADAPS. This paper presents and discusses the findings of the investigation, and compares them with the English results from Loughborough and with the German DIN 33402. The mean value and standard deviation of unshod stature and weight were 157.1 cm (8.9 cm) and 63.7 kg (14 kg) respectively for 197 male and 625 female elderly. For the male sample, these values were 165.6 cm (8.2 cm) and 67.3 kg (13 kg); and for the female sample, they were 154.3 cm (7.2 cm) and 62.6 kg (14 kg), respectively. There were no large differences from published figures from the UK and Germany, but there are with figures on younger people.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Anthropometry and design for the disabled: experiences with seating design for the cerebral palsy population.

In recent years increased emphasis has been placed on designing improved technical aids for physically disabled people. One limiting factor has been the lack of anthropometric resource data that is appropriate for use with individuals with specific disabilities, such as cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study has been to examine briefly why the anthropometric needs of disabled individuals may be different from able-bodied individuals, and to develop an anthropometric data resource that can be used in the design of seating and mobility devices for a specific segment of the disabled population. Ninety-four variables were obtained from each subject in a sample of 133 cerebral palsied individuals. Both qualitative and quantitative factors were assessed and measured, respectively. The qualitative factors are used to define the unique characteristics of the sample group. Twenty quantitative variables are analysed and the results presented in a tabular format. Eleven of the 20 variables are not available from existing able-bodied anthropometric sources, but were deemed important for use in the design process for the study population. The paper references a supplementary manual which contains the complete results, including descriptive statistical tables and scattergram plots. The paper also discusses the implications for application of the results, possible limitations of their use, and precautions that should be observed when considering extrapolations to other populations of disabled people.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Anthropometry for a mix of different populations.

Anthropometric data available in the literature refers to certain nationalities. In a substantial number of countries, a mixture of individuals of different races live in a particular city or even a community. Anthropometrists should address the users of the intended system irrespective of their ethnic background. A case study for the community of King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi Arabia is presented. Nineteen body dimensions of 408 subjects affiliated with KFUPM are reported and compared with other studies. The theme to design for the user population is emphasized.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Anthropometry of Taiwanese women.

This note describes the results of research into the anthropometric measurements of women in Taiwan, for use in pantihose design.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

A WHO Collaborative Study of Maternal Anthropometry and Pregnancy Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate to what degree anthropometric measurements are useful and efficient in predicting maternal and fetal outcomes in different country settings and to develop appropriate reference curves for maternal weight gain. METHODS: A meta-analysis of 25 data sets providing information on over 111,000 births worldwide. RESULTS: Attained weight indicators from pre-pregnancy (Pp) through 9 lunar months demonstrated high odds ratios (O.R.) for both low birth weight (LBW) and intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). The strongest effect size (O.R. = 4.0) was provided by attained weight at 7 lunar months for IUGR, when applied to women of below average pre-pregnancy weight. The study indicators showed only minor and inconsistent O.R. for preterm birth (PTB). The ability of study indicators to predict the three maternal outcomes was much weaker. Maternal height as a predictor of assisted delivery showed the highest positive O.R. (1.6), but did not meet the screening criteria. CONCLUSIONS: A single measurement of attained weight at 5 or 7 lunar months (16-20 or 24-28 weeks) is the most practical screening instrument for LBW and IUGR in most primary health care settings and provides warning of the need for intervention. The operational value of these findings should be demonstrated through their successful large-scale application in service settings.

Body Height↗
PubMed1994

Relationships of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 to anthropometry, serum insulin, triglycerides and adipose tissue fatty acids in healthy men.

Increased plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), responsible for reduced fibrinolytic activity, have been shown to be an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. PAI-1 plasma levels are influenced by several factors which have not yet been fully clarified, including dietary fat intake. The relationships of PAI-1 with other cardiovascular risk factors are still not well known. In a random sample of 38-year-old healthy men (n = 94), the association of PAI-1 plasma levels (measured as activity and antigen) with anthropometric parameters, serum lipids, fasting and 2 h insulin and glucose concentration after oral glucose-load was analysed. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue, as an objective and reliable index of dietary fat intake, was measured. The univariate analysis showed that plasma levels of PAI-1 were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.37, P < 0.001), waist/hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.26, P < 0.01), serum triglycerides (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001), HDL/total cholesterol ratio (r = -0.35, P < 0.001), fasting and 2-h insulin (r = 0.27, P < 0.01 and r = 0.34, P < 0.001) and glucose concentrations (r = 0.25, P < 0.05 and r = 0.28, P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Arm anthropometry in a large reference population and in surgical patients.

Triceps skinfold (TSF) and midarm circumference (MAC) were measured and the arm muscle circumference (AMC) calculated in 1860 healthy persons aged between 20 and 101 years and because the distribution of our findings was not Gaussian we have used the 5th and 10th percentiles instead of standard deviation to define limits between severe and moderate malnutrition and between moderate malnutrition and normal. One-way variance analysis showed significant increases in TSF in women from the 3rd (mean 18.3 mm) to the 6th (mean 23.6 mm) decades (p<0.05 - 0.001). No variation was seen in the 6th and 7th decades but thereafter decreases occurred to the 10th (mean 14.4 mm) decade (p<0.05 - 0.001). In men, TSF showed no variation from the 3rd (mean 10.8 mm) to the 9th (mean 10.6 mm) decades but in the 10th (mean 9.4 mm) decade it decreased significantly (p<0.05). In women, AMC increased from the 3rd (mean 21.1 cm) to the 6th (mean 22.1 cm) decades (p<0.05 - 0.001). No variation was seen from the 6th to 8th decades, but thereafter decreases occurred to the 10th (mean 20.2 cm) decade (p<0.05 - 0.001). In men no variation was seen in AMC from the 3rd (mean 26.2 cm) to the 7th (mean 25.9 cm) decades, but decreases were shown to the 10th (mean 23.0 cm) decade (p<0.001). Using these values in 112 surgical patients, 26 per cent showed signs of malnutrition in their fat stores and 6 per cent in muscle. The wide variation in anthropometric measurements between different age groups precludes the use of a mean reference value covering all ages in the assessment of malnutrition.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Fibrinogen and fibrinolytic variables in relation to anthropometry, lipids and blood pressure. The Northern Sweden MONICA Study.

Fibrinolysis is dependent upon plasminogen activator (tPA) activity while high fibrinogen levels increase the risk of thromboembolic events. From a cross-sectional population sample of 1558 men and women aged 25 to 64 years, plasma fibrinogen, tPA activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI) activity were determined using specific assays. Associations with body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), serum lipids and blood pressure were calculated with uni- and multivariate models where age and smoking were also introduced. In men age, truncal obesity, short height and low HDL cholesterol independently predicted fibrinogen (R2 0.20) while in women obesity per se, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking and age were predictors (R2 0.29). tPA activity was negatively associated with BMI and serum triglyceride levels and positively with age in both sexes. In men diastolic blood pressure (R2 0.22) and in women WHR further independently predicted low fibrinolytic activity. HDL was associated with greater fibrinolysis in women (R2 0.15). Relationships with PAI-1 activity were essentially the reverse of tPA but stronger. Prospective interventional studies are needed to answer the question of causality.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Activity, dietary intake, and anthropometry of an informal social group of Thai elderly in Bangkok.

Socio-demographic, anthropometric assessment, dietary pattern, lifestyle of 384 Thai elderly (55 males and 329 females) aged 60-94 years, who were members of an informal social activity group, were investigated. The 3-day dietary record was determined with the help of food models by random sampling of the group (seven males and 25 females). Most of the males investigated were married (88.9%), whereas 42.9% of the females were widowed. Nearly all of the elderly investigated lived with their relatives. Only 3% of the elderly had never attended school. More elderly males than females smoked or had smoked in the past, and this applies also to their drinking habits. The health situation of the individuals investigated seemed to be satisfactory. The most frequent diseases found among the elderly were chronic diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. No statistically significant difference in body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), and hip circumference was found between males and females. Weight, height, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm span, waist, waist/hip ratio and blood pressure of the males were significantly higher than those of the females. Tricep skin-fold thickness (TSF) and subscapular skin-fold thickness (SST) were lower for males than for females. A total of 54.5% of the males and 50.5% of the females were found to be over-nourished. Less than 2% of all the individuals investigated were undernourished. No significant differences were observed for all nutrients between the males and females. Intake of dietary energy from food for males and females was 69.8 and 75.5%, respectively, compared with the Thai RDA. When calculating the intake of macro-nutrients as percentage of total calorie intake, about 17% of the total calorie intake was attributed to fat, 13% to protein and 70% to carbohydrate for the males. For the females, the figures were 17, 15, and 68%, respectively. Intake of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B1, B2 and niacin seem to be inadequate for both sexes.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anthropometry of two contrasting populations of Thai elderly living in a rural setting.

This study presents anthropometric data on 192 elderly males and 342 elderly females from two contrasting population settings in rural Thailand. Sixty per cent of the subjects lived in with relatives and 40% in a residential home. The elderly population in the present study had BMI values of 21 kg/m(2) for men and 22-23 kg/m(2) for women. Due to different age distributions in the two groups studied, the anthropometric values were adjusted for age. There was a negative correlation between age and weight for men and women at both sites. Both males and females were shorter with smaller armspan in the residential home. There were significant differences in the distribution of adipose tissue, after adjustment for age, between the two communities. Men in the residential home had larger waist circumference, triceps and biceps skinfold thicknesses but smaller subscapular skinfold thicknesses than the men in the rural community. Women in the residential home were heavier with larger biceps and triceps skinfold thicknesses and smaller arm circumferences than the women in the rural community. The elderly in the residential home had a general reduction in body fat with age, unlike the elderly in the rural community who showed a decrease in mainly peripheral fat. The likely impact of lifestyle and feeding practices in the two sites on body composition is also discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Anthropometry and endoscopic carpal tunnel release.

A prospective study was performed in 100 consecutive endoscopic carpal tunnel releases (ECTR) to assess the effect of a number of anthropometric measures on the ease of introduction of the ECTR system into the carpal tunnel. Ease of access to the carpal tunnel correlated with the wrist circumference, height and age of patients. Surgeons should be aware that ECTR is likely to be more difficult in small patients with small wrists and should have a higher threshold for conversion to the open technique to avoid neurological complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Mid-face anthropometry on the cephalometric radiograph in cleft lip and palate cases.

An attempt is made to analyse mid-face deformities objectively in operated cleft lip and palate patients with the help of cephalometric techniques. Mid-face growth of cleft patients after the age of 10 years is compared with growth parameters of non-cleft subjects. This comparison indicates that some of the angles in the nasal area (Subnasale angle, Alaria angle) do not undergo any change in size with increasing age. Others which are subject to change (Rhinion angle, Pronasale angle) show no difference in the extent of growth between cleft patients and normal subjects inspite of different conditions at the age of 10 years. The lateral growth of the nasal soft parts (bialar distance) is largely independent of the lateral growth of the bony structures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Facial anthropometry of Hong Kong Chinese babies.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a database of the craniofacial measurements of Chinese infants born in Hong Kong. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: A total of 2371 healthy singleton, born consecutively at the Prince of Wales Hospital and the Union Hospital from June 1998 to June 2000, were included in the study. The range of gestation was 33-42 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Measurements included facial width (FW), facial height (FH), nasal length (NL), nasal width (NW), and length of the philtrum (PhilL). The facial, nasal, nasofacial and nasozygomatic indices were derived. The data show generally higher values for males in the parameters measured. The various indices remained remarkably constant and did not vary significantly between the two genders or with gestation. When compared with previously published data for white people term babies, Chinese babies have similar NW but shorter philtrum length. CONCLUSION: The human face appears to grow in a remarkably constant fashion as defined by the various indices of facial proportions. This study establishes the first set of gestational age-specific standard of such craniofacial parameters for Chinese new-borns, potentially enabling early syndromal diagnosis. There are significant inter-racial differences in these craniofacial parameters.

Asian People↗
PubMed2001

Prediction of body fat by anthropometry in older Chinese people.

OBJECTIVE: To derive regression equations for fat percentage by using simple anthropometric measurements applicable in normal and immobile (cannot stand or walk) older people. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The study population comprised 352 females and 261 males, apparently well and community-dwelling, aged 69 to 82 years. Fifty-one females and 27 males were recruited for external validation. Body weight, standing height, arm span, triceps and biceps skinfold thicknesses (SFTs), and midarm circumference were measured. The reference method of total body fat percentage was dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Predictive equations for fat percentages were derived by stepwise multiple linear regression on anthropometric indices and gender. RESULTS: Upper-limb SFTs, body mass index, and gender yielded the more predictive equation. The SEE was 4.1% weight. There was a significant trend of underestimation in overweight subjects, especially in females. The equation using SFTs and midarm circumference was less reliable but more applicable to older immobile people and those with significant kyphoscoliosis. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of body mass index and upper-limb SFTs gives reliable prediction of fat percentages in older Chinese people, except in the obese.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗