Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Anger”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The influence of hostility and family history of cardiovascular disease on autonomic activation in response to controllable versus noncontrollable stress, anger imagery induction, and relaxation imagery.

Autonomic activation in response to controllable versus noncontrollable stress, anger imagery induction, and relaxation imagery was studied among 80 participants between the ages of 18 and 34 years. Participants differed in level of trait hostility and family history of cardiovascular disease. Results were obtained through power spectral analyses of electrocardiograph R-R intervals, which produced an index of autonomic nervous system activation. For both male and female populations, parasympathetic regulation was diminished during anger induction for individuals with high levels of trait hostility and having a family history of cardiovascular disease. Similar results were obtained for women during the uncontrolled stress condition. Based on family history of cardiovascular disease and trait hostility, men responded differentially to relaxation imagery induction, whereas no differences were found among females.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Gruesome evidence and emotion: anger, blame, and jury decision-making.

Judges assume that gruesome evidence can influence juror verdicts, but little is known about the manner in which the influence is manifested. In a 2 x 3 study that varied the gruesome content of photographic and verbal evidence, gruesome verbal evidence did not influence mock juror emotional states, and had no impact on the conviction rate. Mock jurors who saw gruesome photographs, compared with those who saw no photographs, reported experiencing significantly more intense emotional responses, including greater anger at the defendant. The conviction rate when visual evidence in the form of gruesome or neutral photographs was included was significantly higher than the conviction rate without photographic evidence. Mean ratings of the inculpatory weight of prosecution evidence by mock jurors presented with gruesome photographs were significantly higher than those by mock jurors who did not view any photographs. Further analyses revealed that mock juror anger toward the defendant mediated the influence of the gruesome photographs in enhancing the weight of inculpatory evidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hot cognition in investigative judgments: the differential influence of anger and sadness.

The authors predicted that the cognitive appraisal tendencies associated with sadness and anger would exert different influences on investigators' crime-related judgments. Supporting evidence was found in an experiment with 61 experienced criminal investigators. First, when judging the reliability of a witness statement, sad participants relied on their perception of both witness and situational variables, whereas angry participants relied only on their perception of witness variables. This corresponds to the emphasis placed on situational and individual control in the appraisals associated with sadness and anger, respectively. Second, when making judgments of the case, sad participants were sensitive to the consistency of a witness statement with the central hypothesis of the investigation, indicating substantive processing, whereas angry participants were unaffected by statement-hypothesis consistency, indicating heuristic processing. The findings suggest that the process of reliability assessment can be better understood by consulting theories of attribution and information processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Young adults at risk for hypertension: effects of family history and anger management in determining responses to interpersonal conflict.

An experiment was conducted with young adults to study the effects of two hypothesized risk factors for essential hypertension, namely, having (1) a positive family history of essential hypertension, and (2) anger inhibition. Subjects were tested in a dyadic role play task designed to simulate mundane and conflictual social interactions. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded, reports of emotion were obtained, and role play behavior was coded for assertiveness. Although family history of essential hypertension and anger inhibition were not associated with one another, both variables were related to cardiovascular activity. These results provide new information about the relationship between these two hypothesized risk factors and extend previously observed differences between at-risk and low-risk subjects for hypertension to a more naturalistic, interpersonal stressor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Individual and cross-spouse correlations of perceptions of family functioning, blood pressure and dimensions of anger.

Individual and cross-spouse correlations of perceptions of family cohesiveness, emotional expressiveness and conflict with blood pressure and five dimensions of anger were examined in 85 couples. Wives' perceptions of family cohesiveness were negatively related to their diastolic blood pressure, whereas husbands' perceptions of all three dimensions of family functioning were unrelated to their blood pressure. Cross-spouse correlations showed that both husbands' and wives' perceptions of emotional expressiveness were negatively related to their spouses' blood pressure, and husbands' perceived family cohesiveness was negatively related to wives' diastolic blood pressure. Individual and cross-spouse correlations with dimensions of anger were also obtained. These findings are discussed in terms of prior cross-spouse correlational research, and gender differences in the pattern of relationships are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Alexithymia predicts attenuated autonomic reactivity, but prolonged recovery to anger recall in young women.

Alexithymia has been prospectively associated with all-cause mortality and with cardiovascular morbidity. Here, stress-induced autonomic reactivity and recovery were examined as potential pathways linking alexithymia to cardiovascular disease. The relation of alexithymia to blood pressure, heart rate, and other cardiovascular parameters derived from impedance cardiography (N = 80) and heart rate variability (N = 40) was evaluated during rest, an anger recall task and recovery in women (ages 18-30). During anger recall, alexithymia was associated with significantly attenuated heart rate and stroke index reactivity, greater low frequency power, and with marginally dampened blood pressure and high frequency power reactivity. Overall, this response pattern suggests blunted sympathetic activation and diminished vagal withdrawal. Alexithymia was also related to slower diastolic blood pressure and quicker preejection period recovery implying abbreviated sympathetic arousal and possibly greater vagal modulation. These results impart some evidence for the hypoarousal model of alexithymia during reactivity, but the hyperarousal model during recovery. Autonomic dysregulation during and following acute emotional stress is suggested as a possible physiological pathway connecting alexithymia to cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Exogenous cortisol shifts a motivated bias from fear to anger in spatial working memory for facial expressions.

Studies assessing processing of facial expressions have established that cortisol levels, emotional traits, and affective disorders predict selective responding to these motivationally relevant stimuli in expression specific manners. For instance, increased attentional processing of fearful faces (attentional bias for fearful faces) is associated with fear and anxiety and diminishes after administration of the anxiolytic hormone testosterone. Conversely, attentional bias for angry faces has been associated with higher levels of approach motivation (e.g. anger) and testosterone, but lower levels of cortisol. This negative relation between cortisol levels and bias for angry faces was also seen in a test of biased working memory performance. However, previous research suggests that exogenous glucocorticoids acutely decrease fearful and inhibited behavior and increase aggressiveness. Hypothesizing from these findings, the present study tested this spatial working memory for faces of various emotional expressions (neutral, happy, fearful, and angry) after double-blind, placebo-controlled administration of 40 mg cortisol in 18 healthy young men. It was predicted that cortisol would acutely attenuate memory bias for fearful expressions while increasing memory bias for angry expressions, in effect creating a shift in biased motivated memory from fear to anger. Results largely confirmed the hypotheses. This is the first causal evidence that cortisol differentially regulates spatial working memory for different facial expressions. Possible biological mechanisms are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anger, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide: a prospective study.

Anger, aggression, or hostility, or an emotional state consistent with these terms, has been accepted as being of fundamental importance to our understanding of suicidal behavior. However, the presumed association has not been investigated thoroughly in prospective studies. The results of the present 8-year longitudinal examination of anger with oneself and with society and its relationship to emerging suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in adolescents entering adulthood provide, at best, only equivocal support for such an association.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular risk factors in depression. The role of anxiety and anger.

The authors hypothesized that patients with anxious or hostile depression may have a greater risk of mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) than other depressed patients and therefore proceeded to assess the possible relationship between CAD risk factors and anger and anxiety in a sample of 138 depressed outpatients. The authors observed that increased anxiety scores were associated with higher cholesterol levels and with prolonged QTc intervals. Similarly, the patients with anger attacks tended to have higher cholesterol levels compared with the patients without these attacks. The study's findings partially support the authors' hypothesis that hostile or anxious depressed patients are at greater risk for CAD than other depressed patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Depression, anxiety, anger, and somatic symptoms in patients with body dysmorphic disorder.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common and impairing disorder. However, little is known about non-BDD symptoms and well-being in patients with this disorder. Seventy-five outpatients with DSM-IV BDD completed the Symptom Questionnaire, a validated self-report measure with four scales: depression, anxiety, somatic/somatization, and anger-hostility. Scores were compared to published norms for normal subjects and psychiatric outpatients. Participants in an open-label fluvoxamine trial completed the Symptom Questionnaire at baseline and endpoint. Compared to normal controls, BDD subjects had markedly elevated scores on all four scales, indicating severe distress and psychopathology. Compared to psychiatric patients, BDD subjects had higher scores on the depression, anxiety, and anger/hostility scales but not on the somatic/somatization scale. Scores on all scales significantly decreased with fluvoxamine. In conclusion, patients with BDD have markedly high levels of distress, are highly symptomatic, and have poor well-being in the domains of depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and anger-hostility. All of these symptoms significantly improved with fluvoxamine.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Skin reactions to histamine of healthy subjects after hypnotically induced emotions of sadness, anger, and happiness.

BACKGROUND: The severity of symptoms in asthma and other hypersensitivity-related disorders has been associated with changes in mood but little is known about the mechanisms possibly mediating such a relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of mood on skin reactivity to histamine by comparing the effects of hypnotically induced emotions on flare and wheal reactions to cutaneous histamine prick tests. METHODS: Fifteen highly hypnotically susceptible volunteers had their cutaneous reactivity to histamine measured before hypnosis at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 15 min after the histamine prick. These measurements were repeated under three hypnotically induced emotions of sadness, anger, and happiness presented in a counterbalanced order. Skin reactions were measured as change in histamine flare and wheal area in mm2 per minute. RESULTS: The increase in flare reaction in the time interval from 1 to 3 min during happiness and anger was significantly smaller than flare reactions during sadness (P<0.05). No effect of emotion was found for wheal reactions. Hypnotic susceptibility scores were associated with increased flare reactions at baseline (r=0.56; P<0.05) and during the condition of happiness (r=0.56; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results agree with previous studies showing mood to be a predictor of cutaneous immediate-type hypersensitivity and histamine skin reactions. The results are also in concordance with earlier findings of an association between hypnotic susceptibility and increased reactivity to an allergen.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Do the Spontaneity and Anger and Aggression subscales of the Ward Atmosphere Scale form homogeneous dimensions? A cross-sectional study of 54 wards for psychotic patients.

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the two subscales of the Ward Atmosphere Scale (WAS), Spontaneity and Anger and Aggression, which measure the level of expressed emotion. We wanted to examine if the items measuring attitude and behavior form different dimensions. METHOD: A total of 550 patients in 54 different psychiatric wards for psychotic patients completed the WAS and the Good Milieu Index. RESULTS: Removing, respectively, four items from the Spontaneity subscale, three items from the Anger and Aggression subscale the psychometric properties improved. The two revised subscales were named Spontaneous Behavior (SB) and Angry, Aggressive Behavior (AAB). A new 'attitude' subscale, comprising three items, was named Staff Attitude to Expressed Feelings (SAEF). CONCLUSION: For patients the attitude and behavior items seem to form separate dimensions. The three subscales examined are probably of central importance for patient satisfaction.

Aggression↗
PubMed1990

On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression. A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis.

Noting that a wide variety of unpleasant feelings, including sadness and depression, apparently can give rise to anger and aggression, I propose a cognitive-neoassociationistic model to account for the effects of negative affect on the development of angry feelings and the display of emotional aggression. Negative affect tends to activate ideas, memories, and expressive-motor reactions associated with anger and aggression as well as rudimentary angry feelings. Subsequent thought involving attributions, appraisals, and schematic conceptions can then intensify, suppress, enrich, or differentiate the initial reactions. Bodily reactions as well as emotion-relevant thoughts can activate the other components of the particular emotion network to which they are linked. Research findings consistent with the model are summarized. Experimental findings are also reported indicating that attention to one's negative feelings can lead to a regulation of the overt effects of the negative affect, I argue that the model can integrate the core aspect of the James-Lange theory with the newer cognitive theories of emotion.

Aggression↗
PubMed1997

Social-contextual influences on expectancies for managing anger and sadness: the transition from middle childhood to adolescence.

This study examined the influence of emotion type (i.e., anger, sadness), audience type (i.e., mother, father, best friend), gender, and age on 140 5th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade adolescents' emotion management decisions, emotional self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies. Participants were read 8 vignettes and responded to 8 questions per vignette. Results indicated that 8th-grade adolescents reported regulating emotion most and expected the least interpersonal support from mothers. Children expressed greater self-efficacy and regulation of sadness than of anger. Boys reported dissembling emotion and expecting a negative interpersonal response to emotional behavior more than did girls. Children were more concerned with protecting feelings of friends than with protecting feelings of fathers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Conflict between the sexes: strategic interference and the evocation of anger and upset.

Advances an evolution-based model of strategic conflict between men and women. Conflict is predicted to occur whenever the reproductive strategy adopted by one sex interferes with that adopted by the opposite sex. Three empirical studies tested hypotheses based on this model. Study 1 (N = 528) examined sex differences in sources of anger and upset (e.g., about sexual aggressiveness or withholding) among 2 samples of Ss differing in age and martial status. Study 2 (N = 60) assessed the perceived magnitude of upset each sex would experience when confronted by each source. Study 3 (N = 214) tested predictions within married couples about sex differences in sources of marital and sexual dissatisfaction. These studies provide modest support for the strategic conflict model and implicate the negative emotions of anger and upset as proximate mechanisms that alert men and women to strategic interference. The diversity of upset elicitors discovered here, such as being condescending, possessive, neglecting, abusive, inconsiderate, moody, and self-centered, point to the limitations of this evolutionary model and the need to develop more comprehensive models of conflict between the sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Beyond simple pessimism: effects of sadness and anger on social perception.

In keeping with cognitive appraisal models of emotion, it was hypothesized that sadness and anger would exert different influences on causal judgments. Two experiments provided initial support for this hypothesis. Sad Ss perceived situationally caused events as more likely (Experiment 1) and situational forces more responsible for an ambiguous event (Experiment 2) than angry Ss, who, in contrast, perceived events caused by humans as more likely and other people as more responsible. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 showed that the experience of these emotions, rather than their cognitive constituents, mediates these effects. The nonemotional exposure to situational or human agency information did not influence causal judgments (Experiment 3), whereas the induction of sadness and anger without explicit agency information did (Experiments 4 and 5). Discussion is focused on the influence of emotion on social judgment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Love, hate, anger, and jealousy in close relationships: a prototype and cognitive appraisal analysis.

The aim of this research was to make a prototype and cognitive appraisal analysis of 4 emotions within marriage. In Study 1, 160 Ss recalled and wrote about a partner-related love, hate, anger, or jealousy incident. Distinct prototypes and appraisal patterns were obtained. In Study 2, 80 Ss wrote accounts of hypothetical love, hate, anger, and jealousy events in marriage. The results suggested both recalled and hypothetical accounts were derived from the same knowledge structures. In Study 3, Ss matched emotions to events described with varying amounts of prototypical and appraisal information, derived from Study 1. Adding such information significantly increased emotion-matching accuracy over the event-description-only condition. The results are discussed in relation to prototype and cognitive appraisal theories of emotion in close relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

On self-aggrandizement and anger: a temporal analysis of narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure.

Narcissists are thought to display extreme affective reactions to positive and negative information about the self. Two experiments were conducted in which high- and low-narcissistic individuals, as defined by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), completed a series of tasks in which they both succeeded and failed. After each task, participants made attributions for their performance and reported their moods. High-NPI participants responded with greater changes in anxiety, anger, and self-esteem. Low self-complexity was examined, but it neither mediated nor moderated affective responses. High-NPI participants tended to attribute initial success to ability, leading to more extreme anger responses and greater self-esteem reactivity to failure. A temporal sequence model linking self-attribution and emotion to narcissistic rage is discussed.

Achievement↗