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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Evaluation of adrenal function in psittacine birds, using the ACTH stimulation test.

The effect of ACTH (16 units) on plasma cortisol and corticosterone concentrations in healthy psittacine birds was evaluated. Plasma corticosterone significantly increased (P less than 0.01) from a mean (+/- SD) basal concentration of 3.25 +/ 3.6 ng/ml to 26.47 +/- 9.25 (one hour after ACTH administration) and 25.69 +/- 13.23 ng/ml (2 hours after ACTH administration). For maximal increase in plasma corticosterone as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), heat denaturation was necessary to release corticosteroids from steroid-binding proteins. As measured by RIA, plasma cortisol concentrations did not increase, whether or not the heat denaturation step was included. Addition of cortisol to avian plasma did not prevent accurate quantification of cortisol as measured by RIA. Plasma corticosterone concentrations in cockatoos, macaws, Amazon parrots, conures, and lorikeets before and after ACTH administration indicated that the ACTH stimulation test could be used to evaluate adrenal secretory capacity in psittacine birds.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1991

[Adrenal cortex function in patients with AIDS and healthy HIV-positive persons].

Adrenal function was estimated by synthetic ACTH test in 18 men with AIDS (or AIDS-related complex) and compared with that of 10 HIV positive but otherwise healthy men. According to this test none fulfilled the criteria for adrenal insufficiency defined as plasma cortisol concentration less than 500 nmol/l 30 minutes after ACTH stimulation. Seven of eighteen AIDS patients had baseline cortisol concentrations above 0.5 mumol/l compared to none in the HIV-positive group. Three of eighteen AIDS patients had a limited response to synthetic ACTH injection compared to none in the HIV-positive group. Two of these three AIDS patients had lowered serum Na+ concentration; they survived for two and three weeks, respectively. Otherwise the basal cortisol level and response to synthetic ACTH was uncorrelated with survival time, other signs of adrenal insufficiency, treatment with ketokonazole, CMV-infection, T-helper cell count or Th/Ts-ratio. The pituitary-adrenal axis was estimated by measuring the diurnal rhythm of serum ACTH and cortisol in eight patients and was found intact and normal in all of them. Thus, absolute adrenal insufficiency is uncommon in AIDS-patients. Relative adrenal insufficiency may occur in severely ill preterminal patients as a result of primary target organ failure, but the pituitary-adrenal axis generally appears to be undisturbed.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: the insulin tolerance test and beyond.

Assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis is essential to determine the strength of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) reserve in relation to clinical and subclinical hypocortisolaemia. The insulin tolerance test has been established as the gold standard; however, the time and the potential hazards involved have led to a search for more viable alternatives. Numerous tests have evolved, which include the 8 a.m. fasting plasma cortisol, standard short synacthen test, low dose (1 microgram) synacthen test, metyrapone provocation and glucagon stimulation test. The low-dose (1 microgram) synacthen stimulation test has emerged as a potential alternative but further well designed trials are required to establish this.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗