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[Advertisements for the treatment of obesity or deceit without limits].

In magazines the advertisements for slimming diets or products are more and more frequent. The study of these advertisements shows that most of them do not give any indication on the composition of products or on the nature of the proposed methods. The selling arguments are the most often fallacious: freely diminution of body weight without dieting and physical activities, lack of checks, no successive increase of body weight, dramatic and quick slimming, debatable informations on the mechanisms of actions. In addition these treatments are followed without medical supervision. They are the antithesis of the right therapeutics of obesities. The diffusion of these methods as that of the numerous books on the slimming diets or technics in various European countries requires a study in order to protect the patients against their exploitation and a proposal of legislation for the European Countries in the whole which will make up the future Great European Community.

Advertising↗

The role of the Federal Trade Commission in advertising health products and services.

The Federal Trade Commission plays a unique role in enforcing well-established standards ensuring that consumers can make informed purchase and use decisions about health-related products and services based on truthful, non-misleading advertising claims while encouraging competition. Deceptive and unfair practices are defined. The importance of the "net impression" that ads convey to consumers and the need for substantiation of objective, factual claims is explained. The FTC uses its enforcement powers and consumer and industry outreach to create a climate for preventing misleading advertising.

Advertising↗

Alcohol availability and targeted advertising in racial/ethnic minority communities.

Alcohol availability and advertising are disproportionately concentrated in racial/ethnic minority communities. Although research on alcohol availability and alcohol advertising in racial/ethnic minority communities is limited, evidence does show a relationship between minority concentration, alcohol outlet density, and alcohol problems. This article reviews research showing that certain neighborhood characteristics, such as alcohol outlet density, can be stronger predictors of homicide and violence than are race or ethnicity.

Advertising↗

[The advertising of medicinal products to the public in Poland--legislative, ethical, health and social concerns].

Regulations regarding the advertising of medicinal products to the public in Poland, EC directive and WHO ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion were compared. Current Polish regulations varied considerably with Community's and WHO point of view. The article covers the potential health and social effects of the recent situation in the area of medicines advertising in Poland.

Advertising↗

New Zealand general practitioners' views on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medicines: a qualitative analysis.

AIM: To explore the range of opinions held by a sample of New Zealand general practitioners (GPs) toward direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines. METHOD: Depth interviews were conducted with 20 GPs. The interview protocol examined several aspects of the debate over DTCA, including its appropriateness, informativeness, and effect on doctors' relationships with their patients. The interview included five sets of forced choice statements that summarised key strands of the debate; these were used as preliminary stimuli to elicit doctors' views. RESULTS: The results reveal a low incidence of DTCA-related queries and a wide range of views on the appropriateness of DTCA. Respondents favourably viewed DTCA's ability to increase awareness of some health conditions, although they had serious concerns about the adequacy of the risk and contraindication information provided as well as the general absence of specific cost details. While some doctors resented having to deal with questions arising from DTCA, few considered that this advertising undermined the relationship they have with their patients. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, while the majority of respondents did not support a ban on DTCA, most of them thought that stricter regulation was necessary. These findings clarify the conclusions drawn from quantitative studies, and suggest doctors' views of DTCA may be more complex than previously reported.

Advertising↗

Assessing controversial direct-to-consumer advertising for hereditary breast cancer testing: reactions from women and their physicians in a managed care organization.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact on patients and physicians at a managed care organization (MCO) of a direct-to-consumer advertising (DTC-ad) campaign concerning testing for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. METHODS: In 2003, we mailed a 30-item questionnaire to 750 randomly chosen female members of Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) aged 25 to 54 years, and 100 female KPCO members with a history of breast cancer genetic referral. We mailed a 7-item questionnaire to 180 randomly chosen KPCO primary care providers. RESULTS: Of 394 patient respondents, 245 (62%) reported exposure to the DTC-ad of whom 63% reported that the DTC-ad caused no anxiety at all. A high level of perceived breast cancer risk and being of Hispanic ethnicity each were independently associated with reported anxiety due to the DTC-ad (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35, 7.73, and adjusted OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.48, 11.83, respectively). Greater knowledge was seen among respondents exposed to the DTC-ad than among those reporting no exposure (P = .015). Of the physician respondents, 84% reported that the DTC-ad caused no strain on the doctor-patient relationship, and nearly 80% reported no effect on daily clinical practice. Genetic referrals soared more than 200% compared with the prior year, when there was no advertising. CONCLUSION: The DTC-ad had a marked impact on genetic services, but little apparent negative impact on patients or primary care providers at an MCO.

Adult↗

Consumer advertising of psychiatric medications biases the public against nonpharmacological treatment.

In the United States, antidepressant medications are heavily promoted through direct-to-consumer advertising, which is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Advertisements for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors frequently contain information inconsistent with the scientific evidence on the treatment of depression with antidepressants. The information presented serves to promote the use of antidepressants by biasing the public against nonpharmacological treatment of depression. While the FDA enforces regulations requiring fair and balanced presentation when comparing one medication to another, there appears to be no action taken against pharmaceutical companies that distort scientific evidence in order to disparage nonmedical approaches to depression.

Advertising↗

[Misleading advertisement on Opatanol].

In an advertisement in this journal, Alcon Nederland BV has recommended Opatanol (olopatadin) as the 'first choice medication/NHG practice guideline for Red eye/Allergic conjunctivitis'. However, the practice guideline of the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG) mentions the following 3 antihistaminica as first choice for the treatment of red eye/allergic conjunctivitis: azelastin, levocabastin or olopatadin. Therefore, it is concluded that the Alcon advertisement is misleading.

Advertising↗

Advertising and promotion of medical devices.

Dr. Portnoy, a former senior clinical reviewer and manager for the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health, provides guidance for determining acceptable practices for the claims, content, and appearance of advertising and promotional materials for medical devices. In the course of doing so, he discusses important regulatory and legal precedents, and provides examples of successful and problematic advertising and promotion strategies including those that resulted in FDA Warning Letters, enforcement activities, and in some cases, monetary and criminal penalties.

Advertising↗

The freedom to condemn tobacco advertising.

Following the publication of a booklet by two Swedish government bodies and an international nongovernmental organization, in which tobacco advertising techniques were strongly criticized, Sweden's Tobacco Trade Association lodged a complaint with the country's Parliamentary Ombudsman. The Ombudsman, rejecting the main part of the Association's case, ruled that the government authorities had a constitutional right to express opinions on tobacco advertising and that these could hardly be expected to be neutral or free from challenging statements.

Advertising↗

The medical profession and changing attitudes towards advertising and competition.

This paper examines the attitudes of general medical practitioners towards competition and advertising and the changes that have occurred between 1985 and 1988. The data was derived from a self completion questionnaire, 1500 of which were evenly distributed among the members of five professions; doctors, dentists, lawyers, accountants and veterinarians. General practitioners are now favourably disposed towards advertising by the profession as a whole in an effort to increase awareness of medical services (70% in favour in 1988 compared to only 53% in 1985), but the perceived need for increased business efficiency has lessened (70% in 1988 compared to 78% in 1985). Collegiality continues to be the dominant ideology but this position has weakened slightly. In 1988 only 65% of general practitioners regarded other members of the profession as colleagues rather than competitors, compared to 73% in 1985.

Advertising↗

The federal regulation of prescription drug advertising and promotion.

Prescription drug advertising has been regulated by the Food and Drug Administration since 1962. In the past decade, pharmaceutical companies have employed new communication mechanisms to reach physicians and, with increasing frequency, consumers. Examples of physician-oriented promotional activities are medical symposia and teleconferences. Consumer-oriented efforts include press conferences, use of celebrity spokespeople, and direct-to-consumer advertising. The Food and Drug Administration has asserted its legal jurisdiction over these nontraditional promotional activities and is regulating them on a case-by-case basis. As nontraditional promotional efforts become more prevalent, the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory framework must be able to meet the challenges of a changing environment.

Advertising↗

Evaluation of an advertising method for a university family practice center.

Advertising by physicians has become accepted by the public and is practically mandatory in today's competitive marketplace. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a specific method of advertising a university family practice center by using fliers targeted to nearby neighborhoods. The fliers were inexpensive handbills describing the center's location and services, distributed to 23,000 households. Six months after distribution of the fliers, a randomized survey of 100 of these households was conducted to determine the fliers' success at increasing consumers' awareness of the center's location and altering consumers' attitudes and behavior concerning using the center's services. In 27% of the households, someone recalled receiving the flier. Half of these still had the fliers in their possession. Two thirds of those who remembered it thought the flier made them consider using the center, and half had called or visited the center. The results show that this technique was effective.

Advertising↗

Prescribing information in drug advertisements.

The need for continuing education in clinical pharmacology for practising doctors is seen in the light of a study of the prescribing information contained in recent New Zealand drug advertisements. Less than half of the advertisements contained details of dosage and only a quarter mentioned toxic effects.

Advertising↗

Effects of a health promotion advertising campaign on sales of ready-to-eat cereals.

The objective of this study was to determine how the sales of various segments of the high fiber and nonhigh fiber, ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal market were influenced by a health message advertising campaign about the possible benefits of a high fiber, low fat diet for preventing some types of cancer. The fiber statements in the media campaign were endorsed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The campaign was undertaken by the Kellogg Company to promote its line of high fiber cereal products, including Kellogg's All-Bran. The data base consisted of computerized purchase data from 209 Giant Food, Inc., supermarkets in the Baltimore, MD, and Washington, DC, metropolitan areas. All the RTE cereal products in the stores were classified according to their fiber content and competitive market positions compared with Kellogg high fiber cereals. Estimates of market share for the various classes of RTE cereal products were obtained weekly for each store during a period of 64 weeks, beginning 16 weeks before the start of the campaign. Shifts in market share between high fiber and nonhigh fiber cereal classifications indicate substantial increases in consumer purchases of Kellogg high fiber cereals, particularly All-Bran, beginning with the start of the Kellogg advertising campaign. Growth in market share of high fiber cereals continued during the entire 48-week evaluation period, with much of the later growth in non-Kellogg high fiber cereals. Growth in sales of high fiber cereals was mainly at the expense of low fiber cereals such as granola-type products. The implications of these results for the competitive and educational effectiveness of commercially sponsored health and diet messages are discussed.

Advertising↗

Evaluating health care advertising.

Evaluating health care advertising is a four-part process that enables health care managers to target particular markets and to determine the effects of advertising particular services and products.

Advertising↗

Why family doctors should not advertise.

Medical care is a form of production of values, but not of commodities. This article argues that advertising as it is normally understood is not appropriate to general practitioner care. Acceptance of advertising by the medical profession would assist in the commercialization of a currently non-commercial relationship between doctors and patients. We should refuse to take this step and accept our responsibility to devise better futures than the market has so far been able to provide.

Advertising↗

Imagery associated with menstruation in advertising targeted to adolescent women.

Education about menstruation is not restricted to school instruction or information provided by adults and peers; exposure to advertisements in teen media provides imagery depicting menstruation and feminine role expectations. This paper analyzes the imagery in advertisements for sanitary products and products for the relief of menstrual symptoms. A 25% random sample of Seventeen magazine issues from 1976 to 1986 stratified by year were reviewed. A total of 135 ads for sanitary products and 32 ads for products for the relief of menstrual discomfort were analyzed. Each ad was examined for recurrent themes in text, context and tone. Data collected were examined for similarities in themes across both product type and time. The ads depict menstruation as a "hygienic crisis" that is best managed by an effective "security system" affording protection and "peace of mind." The failure of adequate protection places the woman at risk for soiling, staining, embarrassment and odor. Menstruating women are depicted as dynamic, energetic and always functioning at their optimal level. Such imagery may encourage guilt and diminished self-esteem in the adolescent who experiences discomfort. A lack of maternal, teacher or male figures in the ads is evident; the importance of peer support is reinforced.

Adolescent↗