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PubMed2004

Evaluation of nine pilot obstetric ultrasound education workshops for Australian rural and remote doctors.

INTRODUCTION: This article describes the evaluation of nine pilot obstetric ultrasound education workshops for Australian rural and remote doctors developed in response to an educational needs assessment that showed a large unmet need in this area. METHOD: Data from pre- and post-knowledge tests were analysed in SPSS. Data from the follow-up sonographer assessment visits were analysed in an EXCEL spreadsheet. RESULTS: In all, 141 doctors attended one of the nine pilot obstetric ultrasound workshops and reported an increase in their confidence in obstetric ultrasound. The overall workshop pre- and post-knowledge test mean improved from a score of 13.9 to 15.5 (p = 0.001) and the RANZCOG pre- and post-knowledge test mean improved from 9.56 to 15.12 (p = <0.001). Data from the follow-up competency assessment visits showed doctors were competent in some areas but required further practice in others. CONCLUSION: An intensive educational intervention can successfully address the pre-determined needs of rural and remote doctors. However, this intervention should be followed by ongoing practice-based education and assessment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Outcomes from tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) workshops in the United States and the performance evaluation of MS/MS laboratories.

Disorders of fatty acid oxidation and organic acid metabolism produce serious clinical problems including death. Introduction of MS/MS technology for newborn screening allowed detection of these disorders in a single process, more than doubling the number of disorders that can be detected from dried-blood spots in newborn screening. Expanded newborn screening has become a critical issue with increased public awareness and demands. Screening by MS/MS is operational in several private testing and public health laboratories. Guidelines and quality assurance services are essential to enhance program expansions. The first of two workshops was organized in June 2000 and the second in September of 2001 to discuss procedures for integrating MS/MS into newborn screening programs. Both workshops addressed technical problems encountered with implementing MS/MS testing. One outcome of the first workshop was a pilot survey for assessing performance of MS/MS laboratories worldwide, which occurred in September 2000. This pilot survey led to the expansion of the proficiency testing services to include MS/MS testing. There are 32 participating laboratories, three of the ten countries represented are from the Asia-Pacific Region.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The treatment of multiple sclerosis in Latin America: current practice and optimal standards. The findings of a survey among neurologists at an interactive workshop].

INTRODUCTION: Considerable progress has been made in the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) over the last decade. Exactly how these changes are reflected in daily practice, however, is still not very well known. AIM: To hold interactive workshops so as to be able to evaluate the opinions of Latin-American neurologists about the therapeutic decisions taken with regard to MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By means of an interactive voting system, professionals attending each workshop replied to ten pre-established questions about when to start treatment, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to supervise treatment, the definition of therapeutic failure and the role of treatment using immunosuppressants. The results were compared with those obtained in similar workshops attended by European and North American neurologists held six months earlier. RESULTS: The use of immunomodulators was considered to be useful in isolated demyelinating syndromes, as 40-50% endorsed their use in clinically stable patients. MRI was seen to be the most sensitive method of monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy -70.6% of them proposed the application of annual scans, which suggests a more frequent use in Latin America than in Europe or the USA. On defining therapeutic failure, the clinical criteria were more important than the MRI scan, and a switch from beta interferons to glatiramer acetate or vice versa was recommended. Treatment with immunosuppressants was considered to be useful in reducing the accumulated disability, but there was no agreement on how to use them. In Latin America, decisions about when to begin treatment seem to lie somewhere between the more favourable posture adopted in USA and the more conservative stance in Europe. CONCLUSIONS: This survey reflects the controversies that affect the therapeutic decisions concerning MS in Latin America and highlights the areas in which more data are needed to optimise the standards of treatment.

Consensus Statements as Topic↗
PubMed2006

The training and development workshops: promoting cultural change within mental health nursing.

The inadequacy of training and professional development opportunities for mental health nurses is frequently discussed, yet surprisingly receives little attention in the literature. The Enterprise Bargaining Agreement of 2000, introduced a number of senior nursing positions for mental health, designed to address this issue. In response to a need identified by the senior nurses, the Centre for Psychiatric Nursing Research and Practice implemented the Training and Professional Development Workshops. This paper presents an evaluation of the first two workshops conducted. The findings suggest that participants (n=32) were highly satisfied with the content and delivery of the workshops, and most importantly consider this will make a significant contribution to the implementation and ongoing development of their newly established roles.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed2006

Cultural competency training for third-year clerkship students: effects of an interactive workshop on student attitudes.

UNLABELLED: With an increasing awareness of health disparities, medical schools are challenged to develop training in cultural competency for their students. We developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an interactive workshop designed to improve third-year students' attitudes, beliefs and cross-cultural communication skills. METHODS: At the start of a six-week required family medicine clerkship, 196 medical students participated in small group (20-24 students) workshops. Didactics included facts about health disparities and a model of cultural competency. During a skill-building component, students were exposed to live vignettes portraying ineffective and effective cross-cultural doctor-patient interactions. Impact on students' attitudes, perceived bias and knowledge of techniques was assessed by comparing pre- and postworkshop scores. RESULTS: Participants increased their cultural awareness on most items of a cultural awareness scale. Fifty-five-, 71- and 66% of the sample agreed or strongly agreed the program was valuable, appropriate and effective, respectively. Conversely, only 17-, 6- and 9% of the sample disagreed or strongly disagreed, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A workshop for third-year students led to an increase in cultural awareness and was considered appropriate and valuable. Further study, including longitudinal training and evaluation, is needed regarding effective methods to increase cultural competence in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A staff development workshop on cultural diversity.

In a multicultural society, nurses work with clients from diverse cultural groups. The beliefs, values, and customs of these groups greatly influence the client's response to health care. Nurses need to understand the culture of the client in order to provide competent care. This article describes a process for developing a cultural diversity workshop that allows nurses to develop skills in dealing with clients from diverse backgrounds. Guidelines for identifying workshop content, educational group leaders, and suggestions for workshop evaluation are included.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1990

HIV prevalence estimates and AIDS case projections for the United States: report based upon a workshop.

This document presents conclusions and recommendations from a workshop convened to discuss national estimates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) case projections, and the proportion of HIV-infected persons with laboratory evidence of immune dysfunction. Appendices describe analyses performed before and after the workshop to estimate HIV prevalence and to predict future AIDS cases, the prevalence of persons with AIDS, and deaths among persons with AIDS. On the basis of these analyses, CDC estimates that approximately 750,000 persons in the United States were infected with AIDS at the beginning of 1986 and that approximately 1,000,000 Americans are currently infected with HIV. At least 40,000 new HIV infections occur each year among adults and adolescents, and an estimated 1,500-2,000 new infections occur each year among newborns as a result of perinatal HIV transmission. Approximately 60% of the estimated 1,000,000 HIV-infected persons in the United States may have T-helper lymphocyte (CD4+ cell) counts of less than 500/mm3 of blood and may benefit from early treatment with zidovudine. The number of AIDS cases will continue to increase over the next 4 years, with a projection of 52,000-57,000 cases to be diagnosed in 1990. Both AIDS case projections and HIV-prevalence estimates are influenced by the slowing of the rapid upward trend in AIDS incidence that occurred in 1987, particularly among homosexual and bisexual men who are not intravenous drug users. Data available during and after the workshop suggest that medical therapy or a decline in the incidence of new HIV infections among homosexual men in the early 1980s could have contributed to this change in trend, but the relative contributions of these and other factors (including changes in the completeness or timeliness of AIDS case reporting) require further study.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Report of a WHO workshop on the measurement and significance of neutralizing antibody to HIV and SIV. London, 3-5 October 1988.

Scientific progress on the measurements and biological significance of neutralizing antibodies to HIV and SIV was discussed at a WHO Workshop held at the WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control in London, on 3-5 October 1988. The Workshop was attended by 32 experts from eight countries. The subjects discussed at the workshop were: (1) systems for measurement of neutralizing antibodies; (2) reference reagents and comparative studies of neutralizing assays; (3) epitope characterization; (4) mechanisms of neutralization; (5) role of neutralizing antibodies in vivo and their correlation with disease status and progression. It was stated that accurate and reproducible measurement of HIV neutralization is important to studies of HIV immunobiology, characterization of HIV strains and vaccine development. Several different techniques of neutralizing antibody measurement have been developed, but further studies are required to compare and evaluate these methods. The biological significance of neutralizing antibodies and mechanism of neutralization is not yet well understood. The available data indicate that neutralizing antibodies may be either strain-specific or more broadly reactive within the HIV-1 group. To evaluate reproducibility and variability of different neutralizing antibody assays two international collaborative studies were undertaken. The results of these studies showed that though there was good general agreement in the detection of neutralizing antibodies by diverse assays, variation in this quantitation was found. It was concluded that further standardization is needed. Data presented showed that HIV neutralizing antibodies are produced in natural human infection and in animal models, but no correlation has yet been demonstrated between neutralizing antibody titres and progression to disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Lead poisoning in two families from a car battery workshop].

Lead poisoning resulting from exposure to lead in a domestic car battery workshop is reported in 10 children in 2 families. 2 girls, aged 2 10/12 and 1 8/12 years, respectively, from 1 of the families were hospitalized for investigation of nausea, vomiting, progressive muscular weakness and peripheral neuropathy. Serum lead levels were 52 and 49 mcg/dl, respectively. Subsequent screening of all members of this family, as well as those of the other family who lived in the same house, revealed abnormally elevated levels of serum lead in all the members of both families. The 2 girls were treated with chelating agents and improved clinically and their serum lead levels decreased to 29 and 34 mcg/dl, respectively. The domestic workshop was closed and the 2 families moved to another neighborhood. These cases illustrate the need to screen all family members and contacts of patients with lead poisoning, as well as the hazards of the uncontrolled use of lead in domestic workshops.

Chelating Agents↗
PubMed1989

Workshop report from the Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Protease inhibitors as cancer chemopreventive agents.

This workshop was organized to discuss the current state of research on anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors with regard to their potential use as human cancer chemopreventive agents. Previous studies have indicated that protease inhibitors can be powerful anticarcinogenic agents for animals and cells in culture and that human populations known to have high concentrations of protease inhibitors in the diet have low overall cancer mortality rates. In the workshop discussions, emphasis was placed on certain dietary protease inhibitors, such as the soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor and chymotrypsin inhibitor 1 from potatoes and some of the highly purified protease inhibitors of microbial origin provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, which have already been shown to contain anticarcinogenic activity in laboratory studies. Potential adverse side effects of dietary protease inhibitors were also considered, specifically, their possible effects on the pancreas and in causing decreased growth rates in young organisms. It was pointed out that the pancreata of a few species, notably rats and chicks, are extraordinarily sensitive to dietary protease inhibitors. Rats fed diets containing high concentrations of soybean-derived protease inhibitors (raw soy flour) had enlarged pancreata; increased pancreatic growth is thought to accelerate cancer development in the pancreas. The effect of raw soy flour on the growth of the rat pancreas has not been shown to occur in most other species tested (examples include hamsters, mice, dogs, pigs, and monkeys) and is not expected to occur in humans. There is no evidence that dietary protease inhibitors have adverse effects on the human pancreas. In fact, it has been observed that human populations with high levels of dietary protease inhibitors have decreased rates of pancreatic cancer. Dietary concentrations of protease inhibitors which have been shown to be anticarcinogenic have not produced decreased growth rates in animals or any type of pancreatic pathology. In general, there was a high level of enthusiasm at the workshop for the further development of protease inhibitors as chemopreventive agents. Recommendations for future research include: (a) research and development of sources of protease inhibitors; (b) analysis of human foods for protease inhibitor content; (c) evaluation of cancer incidence data in relation to protease inhibitor content and characteristics in the diet of human populations; (d) animal studies on the efficacy of protease inhibitors in cancer prevention; and (e) studies on the mechanism of action of anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgeon General's Workshop on Health Promotion and Aging.

The following report contains all of the recommendations of the working group on oral health that met during the Surgeon General's Workshop on Health Promotion and Aging, March 20-23, 1988, in Washington, DC, under the direction of Surgeon General C. Everett Koop and a number of leaders in geriatrics and gerontology. The working group was composed of 17 specialists, including Frank Martin, technical manager; Scott Presson, reporter; James Beck, chairman; and group members Ronald Ettinger, Jean Frazier, Mary Alice Gaston, Helen Gift, Neville Gilmore, Marc Heft, H. Asuman Kiyak, James Marshall, Roseann Mulligan, Linda Niessen, Vincent Rogers, Michele Saunders, Ruth Seigler, and Hongying Wang. The report also includes dental-related recommendations made by the working groups on medication, preventive health services, alcohol, physical fitness and exercise, injury prevention, mental health, smoking cessation, and nutrition. Eight workshops have been sponsored by the surgeon general since his appointment to office in 1981; this workshop was the first to focus on dentistry and aging.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Library workshops for special audiences: secretaries, research assistants, and other support staff.

Reports on library workshops for nonlibrary support staff, conducted by health sciences and other libraries, are reviewed. In 1985-86, similar workshops for secretaries, research assistants, and other support staff were offered at the Ohio State University Health Sciences Library. Evaluations made by participants immediately after the workshops and six to twenty months later have provided valuable input on the usefulness of subjects discussed and on recommendations for changes.

Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Workshop on Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise: a summary.

The Workshop on Epidemiologic and Public Health Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control on September 24-25, 1984. Fundamental topics were identified prior to the workshop, and experts were invited to participate. Ten papers were written, discussed at the workshop, revised, and are herewith published. The beneficial effects of physical activity on health are becoming progressively more apparent. A reduced risk of coronary heart disease, desirable weight control, and the reduction of symptoms of anxiety and mild to moderate depression are established. Beneficial effects on hypertension, type II diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain psychiatric and psychologic conditions appear likely but require additional study. Although the importance of physical activity to health is becoming better established, several important gaps in our knowledge remain. Physical activity is a complex behavior that is difficult to measure, and the accuracy of most measurement instruments is not known. Knowledge of the patterns of physical activity within our society and the determinants of those patterns is limited. Information on the rates of mechanical, metabolic, and psychologic risks of physical activity is largely absent. In addition, there is a need to know more about the dose-response effects of physical activity, the differential effects on various subgroups of the population, the specific dimensions of activity which effect different aspects of health, and the efficacy of various intervention and promotional strategies. Each paper stands as an independent contribution to the literature. As a group, the authors of these papers have provided the public health and scientific communities with a succinct yet comprehensive summary of the status of knowledge plus specific recommendations for future research in the areas of physical activity, public health, and epidemiology.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1979

Effectiveness of faculty development workshops in family medicine.

Family medicine programs need faculty well trained in the roles of educator, administrator, researcher, and clinician. While the need for faculty development is recognized in all colleges and departments, it is a particular problem in family medicine due to the shortage of faculty, diverse backgrounds of existing faculty, and current pressures to develop the research base for the discipline of family medicine. This study was conducted to gather information about the effectiveness of the two-to-three day workshop format for faculty development in family medicine. In a pre-post comparison and a nine-month follow-up of four faculty development workshops, significant and persistent changes were found in participants' ratings of their abilities to do faculty related skills. The three-day residential workshop was found to be an effective means for promoting faculty development.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1983

A counselling skills workshop for family medicine trainees.

Experience with a workshop designed to teach practical consulting, communication and counselling skills to family medicine vocational trainees is described. Responses to self-report questionnaires immediately (71 percent response rate), and one to two years after the workshop (62 percent rate), are reported. A high percentage of respondents agreed that the workshop had been effective in imparting basic counselling and communication skills, and had influenced them to change their consulting style. These changes commonly persisted at one to two year follow up.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nitrous oxide analgesia workshop as an aid in the teaching of first year respiratory physiology.

For the past four years, the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Florida College of Dentistry has participated in a respiratory physiology workshop, using nitrous oxide analgesia as a teaching aid. By using clinical faculty to teach an area both clinically relevant and with a strong basic science correlation, feelings of alienation from the clinical environment and the feeling that the basic medical sciences lack application in clinical practice can be addressed in a positive constructive manner.For the past four years, the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Florida, College of Dentistry has participated in a respiratory physiology workshop, using nitrous oxide analgesia as a teaching aid. The main thrust of the workshop is the teaching of respiratory physiology. The advantages of using nitrous oxide analgesia is that in addition to learning about anesthesia, the students can participate in and actually feel the effects of gas exchange and get a more dynamic view of respiratory functions. In addition, by using clinical faculty to teach first year dental students an area both clinically relevant and with a strong basic science correlation, we expect students to relate to the basic sciences as an intergral part of their dental education.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1982

Workshop on the determination of lead in foods by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: preliminary report.

Seven analysts with various degrees of trace element experience participated in a workshop on the determination of lead in foods containing 1-1000 ng lead/g. Each analyst independently performed 4 projects: contamination control, rapid screening for lead in canned milks, rapid determination of lead in foods, and solvent extraction determination of lead in foods. Accuracy and precision for all methods were good, and, using the solvent extraction method, analysts were able to accurately analyze milk containing 2 ng lead/g with a reproducibility standard deviation of 0.6 ng/g, including individual outliers, and 0.3 ng/g when outliers were rejected. Recovery at the 10 ng/g spiking level for milk averaged 107%. The results were exceptional considering that one of the analysts was a pesticide chemist, 5 other analysts spend only part of their time in trace element analysis, clean-room facilities were not used for any part of the study, the solvent extraction technique was preceded by a HNO3-HClO4 digestion and was relatively complex, and the labware used for the entire workshop including digestions was either Pyrex or uncleaned, disposable polystyrene test tubes. The results of the workshop demonstrate that accurate, background-level lead determinations can be made inexpensively in normal laboratories, provided analysts are properly instructed in contamination control.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Aging in a dynamic perspective. Partial report of a workshop].

This article concerns three contributions to the Workshop 'Life Span and Change in a Gerontological Perspective', which represent a dynamic or process-centered approach to the study of aging. Since two participants (Olbrich and Fooken) presented results of the Bonn Longitudinal Study of Aging at the workshop, the theoretical background and general characteristics of this study are reported. Olbrich concentrated on how 'Daseinstechniken' or coping strategies develop over time as older persons deal with the stressful experiences involved in aging. Fooken examined data on a small group of women, divided into groups according to marital status, for evidence of growth and development and for differences on life styles and patterns of adjustment. In his contribution to the workshop, Maas made several recommendations for longitudinal research, based on a critical re-examination of three of his own studies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗