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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Immunogenetic analysis and serum viral antibody titers in multiple sclerosis.

In order to investigate the possible relationships between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the factors of genetic predisposition and exposure to infectious agents, studies were undertaken in 59 male patients with MS to determine the histocompatibility antigen (HL-A) type and the serum antibody titer to rubeola hemagglutinin (HA), rubeola envelope antigen (V), rubeola nucleocapsid antigen (S), rubella, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and parainfluenza 1. The incidence of HL-A7 was significantly higher, and HL-A12 incidence was significantly lower, in the MS group than in control groups. The geometric mean titers to rubeola HA and to the V and S antigens were lower in the HL-A7 positive control patients than in either the non-HL-A7 controls or the MS patients. There were no specific relationships of the rubeola titer to HL-A12. Antibody titers to the other viruses studied were not significantly different in MS patients as compared to controls, nor was there any relationship of HL-A7 or HL-A12 and serum titer to those viruses. This study provides further evidence of a genetic predisposition to MS, and of a relationship between rubeola and this disease. These findings suggests that the failure of MS to appear in individuals who might be genetically predisposed to this disorder may be related to their immune response to rubeola.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Immunogenetic analysis of the immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide.

Pneumococcal serotype-specific anti-capsular polysaccharide antibodies protect against invasive pneumococcal disease. Within an individual the diversity of these antibodies is limited. To evaluate the repertoire of antibodies to pneumococcus and determine whether oligoclonality is seen both between serotypes and between individuals, we sampled the B cell repertoire induced by polysaccharide and conjugate vaccine in adult volunteers. Fifteen hybridomas secreting pneumococcus-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated from five volunteers. Ten were isotype switched, six were IgG2 and four were IgA. These included two isotype switch variants of the same clone. V(H)3 and V(kappa)2 were used by 10/15 and 7/13 of the sequenced clones, respectively, with identical genes, V(H)3-48 and V(kappa)2-A17 used by a number of volunteers to a variety of serotypes. VDJ junctional characteristics and complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3 length were variable. High levels of somatic mutation in CDR1 and 2, inconsistent with a primary response, were found in 10/11 of the isotype-switched antibodies, including those induced by plain polysaccharide antigens. These data suggest that wild-type infection or nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults may induce memory and the response to subsequent immunization with plain polysaccharide or conjugate pneumococcal vaccines may have the characteristics of a secondary response.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immunologic and immunogenetic features of primary Kaposi's sarcoma.

In order to establish if immunologic alterations seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated Kaposi's sarcoma are also present in the primary form of this malignancy, peripheral blood T-lymphocyte characterization and HLA A, B, C, and DR phenotyping have been carried out in 18 patients with the primary form of the disease. HLA antigen distribution was not significantly different from that of the normal population and, in particular, DR5 was only marginally increased. The T4/T8 ratio was significantly higher in the patients than in the control group, and this was due to a marked decrease in suppressor cells. The possible pathogenetic relevance of these findings is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Immunogenetic and immunologic studies of differentiated thyroid cancer.

The authors have studied in detail human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association in 87 Hungarian patients with thyroid epithelial carcinoma. The authors also examined in a small group of patients, five parameters of cell-mediated immunity and related them to HLA as well as to lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor/normal tissue interface. HLA-DR1 was significantly associated with thyroid carcinoma; the strongest association was in patients with follicular histologic features and DR1 homozygotes were not at greater risk for thyroid cancer. The HLA-DR3 was nonsignificantly increased in patients with papillary or mixed histologic features. The HLA-DR1, 3 heterozygotes were highly associated with follicular carcinoma, carried no risk for papillary carcinoma, and an intermediate risk for tumors with mixed histologic features. Because of the small proportion of DR1, 3 heterozygotes in the follicular and mixed histologic group, its predictive value at the population level was low. Better predictive potential was shown for the phenotype DR1 and/or DR3. Neither metastatic disease nor age at diagnosis (less than 45 years) could be related to HLA phenotypes. Patients in all histologic variants showed some measure of cell-mediated immunity compared to controls. Patients with papillary carcinoma showed an overall better response than those with tumors with follicular or mixed histology. The HLA-DR could not be related to cell-mediated immune response. Patients with papillary carcinoma with a good cell-mediated immune response occurred with much lower infiltration of the tumor boundary with lymphocyte whereas the follicular carcinoma less cell-mediated immunity was associated with dense lymphocytic infiltration, suggesting the biological relevance of lymphocytic infiltration may be different for the two histologic variants.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Congenital heart block immunogenetics. Evidence of an additional role of HLA class III antigens and independence of Ro autoantibodies.

Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) occurs in the offspring of mothers who have the HLA-A1;B8; DR3 haplotype and Ro (SS-A) autoantibodies. It has been shown that the presence of HLA-DR3 in mothers may facilitate Ro synthesis, but may not, by itself, be sufficient to induce CCHB in the offspring. However, maternal DR3 and Ro antibody seem to be independent factors associated with CCHB. Other HLA antigens, including class III (complement) genes, may also be necessary to induce CCHB in newborns since A1;B8; DR3 haplotypes, together with BfS and/or C4AQ0B1, are increased in Ro+ mothers of infants with CCHB compared with both controls and with Ro+ mothers whose offspring do not have CCHB. On the other hand, DR3 genes in a different HLA haplotype (i.e., B18; BfF1;DR3) are nonpathogenetic; this latter finding may be due to a DR3 gene's intrinsic difference or to the influence of neighboring genes. Also, a trend toward DR3 bias transmission is observed in DR3+ mothers who are also Ro+; fetal DR3 might protect the fetus against in utero death when Ro antibodies are present.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1981

Immunogenetic control of experimental type II collagen-induced arthritis. I. Susceptibility and resistance among inbred strains of rats.

Seven inbred rat strains were tested for susceptibility to experimental type II collagen-induced arthritis and for development of cellular immunity to type II collagen by delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. WF (RT1u), LEW (RT1l), and DA (RT1a) were the most susceptible of the strains tested with respect to incidence (greater than 95%) and severity of disease. LEW and DA were strongly skin test reactive to calf type II collagen. BUF (RT1b) developed moderate skin test responses to calf type II collagen and showed low susceptibility to collagen arthritis (1/8). MAXX (RT1n), LEW.B3 (RT1nvl), and AUG (RT1c) were not susceptible to collagen arthritis and showed negative to very weak skin test responses to type II collagen. Disease susceptibility was inherited as a dominant trait in the F1 progeny of (WF X LEW.B3) matings. These data suggest that clinical expression of experimental collagen-induced arthritis and immune responsiveness to type II collagen are controlled in part by genes within or closely linked to the rat major histocompatibility complex--RT1.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immunogenetic factors in inflammatory eye disease. Influence of HLA-B27 and alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes on disease expression.

The relationship between the nature and severity of inflammatory eye disease was analyzed with respect to HLA antigens and alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes. Using standard ophthalmologic criteria, we divided patients with anterior uveitis into acute, chronic (greater than 3-month duration), bilateral, or recurrent disease. There was a significantly increased incidence of alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient phenotypes in anterior uveitis, especially in those patients with severe (chronic, bilateral, or recurrent) disease. HLA-B27 acts as an independent predisposing factor: it was present in 22% of patients with their first attack of acute uveitis compared with 51% of patients with recurrent disease. Together, these genetic factors are present in 63% of patients with severe anterior uveitis and represent the most significant predisposing and prognostic factors so far detected.

HLA Antigens↗
PubMed1985

Immunogenetic studies of juvenile dermatomyositis. III. Study of antibody to organ-specific and nuclear antigens.

Ninety children with definite juvenile dermatomyositis (JDMS), who had been HLA typed, were tested for the presence of tissue or organ-specific antibodies. Sixty had active disease at the time of study. The mean disease duration was 4 years, and 30 had soft tissue calcifications. The following autoantibodies were sought: thyroid, gastric parietal cells, smooth muscle, striated muscle, microsomes, mitochondria, DNA, extractable nuclear antigen, Sm, PM-1, antinuclear antibody (ANA), and rheumatoid factor. Only the ANA and PM-1 were more frequent in patients than in controls (P less than 0.0002 and P less than 0.001, respectively). Higher levels of immune complexes (P less than 0.01) were found in sera from patients with JDMS than in sera from controls and were correlated with the presence of ANA in patients (P less than 0.01). Soft tissue calcification was not associated with any autoantibody or HLA antigen, but with disease duration and activity (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). There was no association between the occurrence of any autoantibody and the presence of HLA-B8 or DR3 among the white patients with JDMS. The frequency of autoantibodies in 43 full siblings of children with JDMS was not increased. We conclude that children with JDMS, with or without HLA-B8/DR3, do not show evidence of a generalized nonspecific antibody response to tissue antigens. The significance of the increased antibody to nuclear antigens ANA and PM-1 remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Neonatal lupus erythematosus occurring in one fraternal twin. Serologic and immunogenetic studies.

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (LE) is a syndrome that is manifested by LE skin lesions and/or congenital heart block, occurring in infants at, or shortly after, birth. The syndrome is believed to be caused by transplacental passage of an IgG antibody, usually the anti-Ro (SS-A) antibody, from the mother to the infant. Although the mother may have a connective tissue disease or may be healthy, the common characteristic is the presence of maternal circulating anti-Ro antibody. It has been believed that the HLA determinants demonstrated in children who have neonatal LE were not a factor in the expression of the syndrome. We report the occurrence of neonatal LE, manifested by photosensitivity and discoid LE skin lesions, in one fraternal twin. HLA studies of this affected twin demonstrated the presence of DR3. Anti-Ro antibody was present in the mother, but was not present in either child at 4 months post-delivery. HLA determinants may be involved in the expression of disease in neonates who have been exposed to the anti-Ro antibody. Furthermore, the presence of circulating antibodies in the unaffected twin causes us to question the assumption that the anti-Ro antibody is the causative factor for the occurrence of tissue injury in children with neonatal LE.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical, serologic, immunogenetic, and therapeutic considerations in seventy-two patients.

We studied 72 patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). Forty-nine of the patients had been part of an earlier study. The cutaneous disease was primarily annular in 17 patients, papulosquamous in 48, and a combination in 7. Although the major feature of SCLE is nonscarring, non-atrophy-producing lesions, scarring discoid lesions were observed in 21 patients. Thirty-six patients fulfilled criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytoplasmic antibodies were present in only 22 patients. However, in the group of 23 patients recently analyzed, 13 of 22 tested had anti-Ro (SS-A) and/or anti-La (SS-B). HLA-DR3 was present in 22 of 59 patients. Neither anti-Ro (SS-A) nor HLA-DR3 correlated with any clinical finding. Forty-seven patients have had continued activity of their disease, but in most patients, the disease has been controlled with sunscreens, topical and intralesional corticosteroids, and oral hydroxychloroquine. A broad spectrum of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated phenomena can occur in patients with SCLE. The disease is frequently easily controlled, and may become quiescent. This subset of lupus patients is less distinctive than has been previously suggested.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

Postdysenteric reactive arthritis. A clinical and immunogenetic study following an outbreak of salmonellosis.

Following an outbreak of foodborne gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella typhimurium, questionnaires were sent to affected individuals and then to the family physicians of any who experienced extra-enteric complications. Of 260 individuals infected with S typhimurium for whom adequate data were obtained, 19 patients developed joint disease (7.3%). All were men; the mean age +/- SD was 39.3 +/- 1.6 years. Among the 16 patients for whom this information was available, the interval from the onset of diarrhea to the onset of joint pain was less than 7 days in 7, 8-21 days in 2, and greater than 21 days in 7. There was a significantly longer duration of diarrhea in those patients with joint disease (mean +/- SEM 15.2 +/- 2.6 days) than in those without complications (10.0 +/- 1.1 days) (P less than 0.01). The joint disease was monarticular in 3 patients and polyarticular in 16. The joints most commonly affected were the elbow (47%), wrist (47%), knee (42%), low back (32%), and shoulder (32%). Six of the 19 patients had at least 1 extraarticular feature: ocular (5 patients), mucosal (1 patient), urethral (2 patients), or cutaneous (1 patient). Of these 19 patients, 11 were located and agreed to HLA typing. Four were positive for HLA-B27, 6 were HLA-B7 positive, and 1 had HLA-Bw60. Of the 4 B27 positive patients, 3 were DR1 positive; of the 6 B7 positive patients, 5 were DR2 positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗