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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Incidence of zoonoses with their natural foci in the West Bohemia Region. II. Antibodies to the Tahyna and Tribec tick-borne encephalitis viruses].

The authors examined serum samples from 475 men from different districts of the West Bohemian region for the presence of antibodies against viruses of tick-borne encephalitis, Tahyna and Tribec, strain Lipovník. Antibodies against the virus of tick-borne encephalitis were found in 1.1% and antibodies against the Tahyna virus in 4.4% of the examined sera. Antibodies against the Tribec virus were not detected. In the prevalence of antibodies against both viruses no geographical differences were revealed. The ratio of subjects with antibodies against the virus of tick-borne encephalitis was consistent with the long-term follow-up of morbidity and the reported clinical manifestation of the infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Studies on anthrax in food animals and persons occupationally exposed to the zoonoses in Eastern Nigeria.

A total of 221 blood and 174 carcase swab samples obtained from food animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses) slaughtered at urban and rural slaughter houses in Nsukka area were studied. 51 blood samples and 180 samples of vesicle fluid were also collected from persons occupationally exposed (butchers/skinners, meat retailers, meat inspectors, veterinarians and tanners) to these animals and their products. All the samples were studied culturally and microscopically. Confirmation of infection was by subcutaneous inoculation of guinea pigs and mice with samples of human and animal blood, carcase swabs and vesicle fluid got from suspected cutaneous lesions on the hands of persons studied in this survey. Of the blood samples obtained from food animals, 5 per cent (3/60) of cattle and 3.3 per cent (1/30) of sheep were positive. The rest of the blood samples from other animals were negative. For the carcase swab samples, 5.7 per cent (5/88) from cattle and 3.1 per cent (1/33) from sheep were positive. The rest of the carcase swabs from goats, pigs and horses were negative. Only the blood samples from butchers/skinners, 20 per cent (2/10), meat retailers, 9.1 per cent (1/11) and tanners, 11.1 per cent (1/9) were positive. Malignant pustule was confirmed in 13.3 per cent (6/45) of butchers/skinners, 10 per cent (3/30) of tanners and 6 per cent (3/50) of meat retailers. The results show that food animals and their products constitute a potential danger to those persons whose occupation necessitates handling animal products or contact with animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1981

[Vaccination of cattle against trichophytosis in the prevention and control of dermatophytic zoonoses].

The results of a four-year study of the occurrence of trichophytosis in some cattle stocks in the Pardubice district are presented. The monoetiological nature of this mycosis is documented; this mycosis can be successfully controlled by vaccination. Experiments demonstrated a good activity of antigens which were included in commercial vaccines. The evaluation of the antibody reaction in test rabbits and in vaccinated and spontaneously infected cattle was subjected to critical analysis. However, the main point of the whole study is a general evaluation of the possibilities and limitations of cattle vaccination against trichophytosis as ensues from literary data and from the authors' experience. The results indicate that in permanent application of all the hitherto used preventive and repressive methods a technically correct active immunization of cattle means the best contribution to the control of trichophytosis. The discussion deals with the theoretical problems of the nature and duration of immunity to these diseases and with the choice of the best vaccines and vaccination procedures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Zoonoses in Vojvodina. I. Epidemiologic characteristics of tetanus in Vojvodina].

Epidemiologic characteristics of tetanus in Voivodina were analyzed on the basis of reported cases of sickness or death, during the period from 1962 to 1991, and epidemiologic investigation on 35 sick persons suffering from tetanus during the last 5 years. By compulsory immunization against tetanus this disease is practically eliminated at the age when one is protected by immunity vaccine. Abandoning domiciliary childbirth neonatorum tetanus has been eliminated. Today tetanus occurs sporadically as a result of small, naive injuries, mostly in nonimmunized elderly people. Considering number of the sick, in 6.1% it happens to persons older than 60 years of age. Tetanus remains a health problem because of its high lethality, which is statistically significantly higher in older patients. On the basis of gathered results it is realistic to expect that applying compulsory immunization against tetanus to older people in 10 year intervals will not eliminate this disease, but it will significantly reduce lethality which is still about 25% in Voivodina.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Zoonoses in Vojvodina. II. Epidemiologic characteristics of leptospirosis in Vojvodina].

On the basis of reported cases of sickness--death due to leptospirosis and the epidemiologic investigation of 38 sick individuals, epidemiologic characteristics of anthropozoonosis in Vojvodina were analyzed. It has been established that this disease is registered in the form of individual cases, mostly in persons belonging to the productive population. Infection usually happens during the summer months and due to contact with contaminated water. High lethality and antibodies of leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagiae in 55.3% of samples of the serum of the sick point to the fact that only clinically severe forms of the disease were registered.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Zoonoses in Vojvodina. III. Results of a seroepidemiologic study of leptospirosis in Vojvodina].

2697 persons professionally exposed to leptospira working in contaminated waters and grounds or due to contact with infected animals or their products were seroepidemiologically examined. It was established that the presence of leptospirosis in certain categories of examined persons is three to more than ten times higher in relation with it's presence in the control groups. The most frequent serotype was Leptospira pomona. None of the seropositive persons gave data about having leptospirous infection which might be the consequence of asymptomatic infection or unidentified and not registering of the clinically manifested diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Zoonotic infections as causes of hospitalization among febrile Bedouin patients in southern Israel.

A prospective 12-month study was conducted throughout 1998 to determine the frequency of selected bacterial zoonoses as causes of fever among hospitalized Bedouins in southern Israel. One or more zoonoses were diagnosed in 30 (27%) of 110 patients admitted with fever. Brucellosis was diagnosed in 9 (8%), rickettsial infections in 20 (18%), and ehrlichiosis in 2 (2%), one of whom had also evidence of rickettsial spotted fever infection. None of the patients was diagnosed with Q fever. Compared with patients without zoonoses, patients with zoonoses were younger (P = 0.01), fewer of them had underlying conditions (P < 0.02), they had a longer febrile period prior to hospitalization (P = 0.04), a significantly higher proportion had arthralgia (P = 0.02), rash (P = 0.03), and splenomegaly (P = 0.04) and a lower proportion had pathological findings on chest auscultation (P < 0.01). Patients with zoonoses were found to have more commonly anaemia (P = 0.03) and leucopenia (P = 0.02) compared to the rest of the study population. Of the 30 patients with zoonoses 60% were misdiagnosed and only 57% received adequate antibiotic treatment. Zoonotic infections are a common cause of fever in adult Bedouins living in southern Israel. Because of the non-specific features of these diseases they are often misdiagnosed. Blood cultures and multiple serological tests should be used in the investigation of fever in such patients and tetracycline should be considered for initial empirical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Perspectives on emerging zoonotic disease research and capacity building in Canada.

Zoonoses are fundamental determinants of community health. Preventing, identifying and managing these infections must be a central public health focus. Most current zoonoses research focuses on the interface of the pathogen and the clinically ill person, emphasizing microbial detection, mechanisms of pathogenicity and clinical intervention strategies, rather than examining the causes of emergence, persistence and spread of new zoonoses. There are gaps in the understanding of the animal determinants of emergence and the capacity to train highly qualified individuals; these are major obstacles to preventing new disease threats. The ability to predict the emergence of zoonoses and their resulting public health and societal impacts are hindered when insufficient effort is devoted to understanding zoonotic disease epidemiology, and when zoonoses are not examined in a manner that yields fundamental insight into their origin and spread. Emerging infectious disease research should rest on four pillars: enhanced communications across disciplinary and agency boundaries; the assessment and development of surveillance and disease detection tools; the examination of linkages between animal health determinants of human health outcomes; and finally, cross-disciplinary training and research. A national strategy to predict, prevent and manage emerging diseases must have a prominent and explicit role for veterinary and biological researchers. An integrated health approach would provide decision makers with a firmer foundation from which to build evidence-based disease prevention and control plans that involve complex human/animal/environmental systems, and would serve as the foundation to train and support the new cadre of individuals ultimately needed to maintain and apply research capacity in this area.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Occupational diseases.

This paper does not deal with occupational diseases in the narrow legal sense of the word but as part of all public health risks. Occupational health risks of the modern large-scale animal production on intensive farms differ radically from those of the traditional mixed small production farms. The main groups of occupational diseases in intensive large-scale animal production are: 1) Zoonoses. Their occurrence obviously depends on the epizootological situation. They are divided into the following groups: classic zoonoses, zoonoses with complicated ecologic relations, zoonoses associated with soil, zoonoses with natural foci or with reservoirs outside farms. 2) Lung diseases: chronic bronchitis, farmers' and brewers' lung precancerous conditions. 3) Skin diseases and allergies: dermatites, eczema and allergies. 4) Affections due to physical and mental stress: changes in the locomotor system and CNS, contribution to the development of "civilization diseases". 5) Accidents, poisoning, noise and vibration effects.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1985

[Infection prevention in animal husbandry. A contribution to the improvement of the sanitary consumer protection].

The scientific and organizational development of an effective prophylaxis against infections in animal husbandry results from the fact that many zoonoses, like salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, rickettsiosis (Q-Fever) and cysticercosis as well as certain important virus infections with regard to meat hygiene cannot be detected during official ante- and postmortem inspection. The cause of these infections is clinically inapparent and leaves no pathologic-anatomical lesions. Partly responsible for these latent infections is mass production with its specific forms of husbandry, particularly in poultry and pigs. The development of these animal production methods as well as the spread of the aforementioned zoonoses in man and animal is being discussed in this paper. The information on zoonoses is based on cases reported in accordance with the Federal Communicable Diseases Act and/or the regulations on notifiable animal diseases. The potential harmfulness to the consumer's health, especially in view of his food habits, is discussed in the light of the increase of foodborne infections and intoxications caused by Salmonella. Up until now, several regulations exist to keep causative agents of zoonoses away from animal farms. In view of the successful eradication of tuberculosis in cattle and brucellosis, it is recommended on a longterm basis, to eliminate those zoonoses from animal farms, which are of special importance from the meat-hygienic point of view. On a medium-term basis, examination of farm animals should be introduced voluntarily prior to the official ante- and postmortem inspection. It is of vital importance to establish the necessary diagnostic and practical conditions for the herd-tests. A recommendation worked out by the European Community for the examination of broiler-farms is welcomed as an example of prophylactic measures suitable for the improvement of consumer protection.

Animal Husbandry↗