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Results for “Voluntary Programs”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Helping women helping children: drug policy and future generations.

Our primary social response to substance abuse during pregnancy has been legal, punitive, and coercive. Rooted in the belief that the maternal-fetal relationship is primarily adversarial in nature, this response is unlikely to deter women from abusing drugs during pregnancy. An alternative perspective in which the maternal-fetal relationship is viewed as an interactive unit where the needs of one define the needs of both would be more appropriate. Only by assisting rather than punishing women are we likely to help them, their fetuses, and their children.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Implications for the practicing physician of the psychosocial dimensions of smoking.

The multifaceted nature of smoking includes its physiologic, social, and psychologic dimensions and its career features. It develops over time, through phases such as experimentation or conditioning. It also is given up over time, often after several unsuccessful attempts. Several repetitions of a sequence of considering cessation, attempting to quit, and relapsing are likely to precede permanent cessation. Those who are not ready to commit themselves to quitting may be reached by low-key information more than by too forceful exhortation. Those who are ready to quit may select from among a range of approaches, including group clinics, "self-help" manuals, and physician counseling. Maintenance requires as much attention as does cessation. Cooperation from those around the quitter, reminders to use skills for coping with stressors or temptations, and continued encouragement from the physician may all encourage long-term abstinence. Owing to the multifaceted nature of smoking and quitting and the multiple approaches to cessation and its maintenance, the physician may best be viewed as a catalyst for nonsmoking. If appropriate to his or her practice, this may include extended patient counseling, but those unable to provide this may still make great contributions through brief information on why it is important to quit, encouragement to do so, timely referral to other staff or to materials and programs available in the community, and continued expression of interest in the patient's efforts and/or success. All these may catalyze quitting without demanding excessive time or skills beyond those commonly employed by the physician. In catalyzing nonsmoking, the physician can also be an effective proponent of community or voluntary agency programs as well as institutional and governmental policies to limit smoking in health care facilities and public places. The American College of Chest Physicians' policy encouraging nonsmoking among its Fellows and in their offices is an excellent example of this catalyst role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Publication of the OIG compliance program guidance for home health agencies--OIG. Notice.

This Federal Register notice sets forth the recently issued Compliance Program Guidance for Home Health Agencies developed by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) in cooperation with, and with input from, several provider groups and industry representatives. Many home health care providers have expressed interest in better protecting their operations from fraud and abuse through the adoption of a voluntary compliance program. The OIG has previously developed and published compliance program guidances focused on the clinical laboratory and hospital industries (62 FR 9435, March 3, 1997 and 63 FR 8987, February 23, 1998, respectively). We believe that the development of this compliance program guidance for the home health industry will continue as a positive step towards promoting a higher level of ethical and lawful conduct throughout the entire health care community.

Documentation↗
PubMed1990

Human immunodeficiency virus education and screening of prenatal patients.

Prenatal HIV education and testing requires access to many resources and is demanding of time and personnel. Properly trained sympathetic on-site counselors are essential. Such personnel may combine this role with other tasks but should have the time necessary to commit to individualized HIV counseling. High-quality laboratory facilities should be available. Ready access to psychiatric professionals, social service supports, clergy, internal medicine, pediatric primary care, and infectious disease consultation or referrals needs to be available and integrated into all prenatal screening programs. Obstetrician/gynecologists at all levels should seek access to and support for these necessary though resource-intensive programs and work toward extension of such programs to all women of childbearing age.

Counseling↗
PubMed1997

HIV infection, risk taking, and the duty to treat.

The paper advances a consequence-based argument in support of the American Medical Association's policy that a physician may not ethically refuse to treat a person with HIV solely because the patient is seropositive. A limited number of alternative arguments, both in support of and in opposition to this policy are also considered, but are found wanting. The paper then concludes with a discussion of some of the other obstacles to quality health care that persons with HIV must often confront.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1998

Despite cost and risk, ORYX PLUS offers benchmarking bonanza.

The Joint Commission's ORYX-PLUS option offers standardized measurement, risk adjustment, and reporting of outcomes not available in the less comprehensive ORYX program. This should create a wealth of truly comparable data against which to benchmark. There are additional costs: $2,500 to the Joint Commission, plus more expensive software and maintenance. This means the program is probably best suited for those systems that already have significant investments in information systems. As ORYX-PLUS eventually will issue performance report cards to the public on participants, there are the risks associated with disclosure. On the other hand, participating hospitals will be able to boast participation in a voluntary disclosure program aimed at excellence.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Newborn genetic screening: ethical and social considerations for the nineties.

As we head into the next decade, the impact of the use of genetic screening programs for immunological surveillance purposes (such as for HIV) and for possible DNA typing should not be underestimated. The authors present ten principles which seek to reaffirm the basic tenents of neonatal screening programs -- the benefit of newborns. These principles are both protective and yet open to the complex ethical and social considerations raised by such new uses of newborn genetic screening programs.

Coercion↗