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Results for “VASA VASORUM”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries.

Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) is an endothelial-cell-specific mitogen; as such, its role in angiogenesis has been studied extensively. VEGF/VPF may also serve as a local, endogenous regulator of large-vessel endothelial cell integrity. Surprisingly, however, VEGF/VPF expression in normal and/or atherosclerotic vessels has not been previously characterized. Accordingly, we studied normal human arteries and veins as well as atherosclerotic and restenotic human coronary arteries for evidence of VEGF/VPF expression. VEGF/VPF was detected immunohistochemically in sections of normal human aorta, mammary artery, and saphenous vein. Moreover, VEGF/ VPF expression was identified in 32 (97%) of 33 pathological coronary arterial specimens; the extent of VEGF/VPF staining was graded as moderate to strong in 21 of the 32 (66%) positive specimens. VEGF/VPF double immunostaining and in situ hybridization demonstrated that smooth muscle cells constitute the principal cellular source of VEGF/VPF. VEGF/VPF immunostaining among primary atherosclerotic lesions localized predominantly to the extracellular matrix. In restenotic specimens, VEGF/VPF immunostaining was more prominently cellular, particularly among proliferating smooth muscle cells. Although VEGF/VPF expression was observed in areas of macrophage infiltration, double immunostaining failed to localize VEGF/VPF to macrophages in these foci; instead, double immunostaining clearly identified CD45RO-positive cells as responsible for VEGF/VPF expression in such areas. No correlation could be demonstrated between VEGF/VPF immunostaining and extent of vasa vasorum. These findings thus establish that postnatal VEGF/VPF expression is a feature of normal human arteries and veins and is often extensively expressed in arteries narrowed by atherosclerotic plaque. VEGF/VPF expression in the wall and/or plaque of medium to large vessels suggests a role for VEGF/VPF other than promoting angiogenesis. This role may involve maintenance and repair of luminal endothelium.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1976

[Ergotamine abuse and retroperitoneal fibrosis (author's transl)].

A case of Ergotamine abuse causing considerable fibrotic changes of the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels and of the retroperitoneal space is reported. Histological and pathogenetic aspects of the arterial changes and the retroperitoneal fibrosis are discussed. They are referred to the permanent constriction of the Vasa vasorum by Ergotamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Distal femoro-popliteal bypass using Esmarch tourniquet ischemia].

The Esmarch bandage is an effective substitute for vascular clamps in distal femoro-popliteal or tibial bypass surgery. Intimal trauma caused by clamping is avoided, vasa vasorum are preserved due to only semicircumferential dissection of vessels. This method is particularly suitable for heavy calcified rigid vessel walls. We demonstrate this technique, which was employed in 8 patients (10 bypasses). The use of this technique requires neither a longer operation- nor clamping time. The postoperative course of all but one patients develops normally and the technique does not provoke any pathological results in the area of operation. Advantages of the procedure compared to conventional techniques will be discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Use of the radial artery graft in coronary artery bypass grafting: harvesting technique and spasm prevention].

The use of radial artery (RA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been increasing recently as a revival. In this report, we describe several practical suggestions for improving patency rate of the graft. Between April of 1997 and February of 1998, 41 CABGs were performed using RA graft, totalling 56 anastomoses. The early patency rate of the graft has been 100% (graft: 38/38, anastomosis: 53/53). Harvesting technique: with the use of Harmonic Scalpel, it is possible to atraumatically harvest the vessel in a short time. Although longitudinal fasciotomy of the adventitia has been recently reported to be effective in releasing spasm, the nature of the vessel raise concern that the fasciotomy may even induce spasm. We hypothesize that leaving the adventitia intact, preserving vasa vasorum, rather than performing fasciotomy leads to improvement of long-term patency. Spasm prevention: we consider the body temperature to be the most important factor. Therefore, we utilize normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Another important factor is that the arterial CO2 is kept at a high level during CPB. For dilation of RA graft, milrinone is used instead of papaverine. For the intra- and postoperative management, intravenous continuous administration of diltiazem was changed to nicorandil. Technically, essential resolution for improvement of patency rate is either to allow for large proximal anastomosis, or to make sequential anastomosis with another coronary artery which has a good run off. For these purposes, the proximal anastomosis on the ascending aorta seems to have the advantage over placing it on ITA.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Morphologic changes in the thrombus and venous wall in experimental phleobothrombosis and thrombophlebitis].

Phlebothrombosis and thrombophlebitis were induced in dogs by percutaneous intraoperative introduction of thrombotic mass, obtained in vivo (20-40 animal blood per 3-4 ml thrombin solution) into jugular vein and studied in postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 through light microscope. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and after Hart, Van-Gieson and MSB. Venous intima was established to alter already on the next day following thrombophlebitis modeling. On d 3 and 5 epithelium desquamation and moderate leukocytic infiltration of media between smooth myocytes were found. On d 7 signs of thrombus organization, i.e. invasion of fibroblastic series cells and small capillaries inside it, were demonstrated. Muscular layer and adventitia display leukocytic infiltration. Venous wall thickens due to disorders of blood passage in vasa vasorum. On d 10 the portion of the thrombus attached to the wall was essentially organized. Fibroblasts and capillaries invade inside the thrombus, connective tissue fibres are formed. Sclerotic changes were noted in adventitia. By the end of the 2nd week venous wall showed muscular layer atrophia and sclerosis. Middle portions of the thrombus were involved in organization, canals lined with endothelium are formed in it. In case of thrombophlebitis changes in thrombus and venous wall develop earlier and are more pronounced.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Vascular innervation in atherogenesis.

Although collar-induced atherosclerosis continues to be used as an investigative tool, the underlying mechanism has not been established. Two primary mechanisms suggested are adventitial ischemia due to reduction in vasa vasorum, and perivascular denervation. We have examined the effect of injuring the common carotid artery in the pattern produced by the ends of a silastic collar, and have correlated the effect on innervation with change in intima/media ratios in normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits. The serum cholesterol of cholesterol-fed rabbits was significantly elevated by 10 days following initiation of cholesterol feeding, and further elevated at 21 days. No structural difference was detected between the uninjured carotid arteries of control and cholesterol-fed rabbits. At the site of injury in freeze injured carotid arteries there was a thickening of the intima which was increased in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The intima at the site of injury was composed of lipid-laden cells embedded in a matrix of collagen and elastin fibres. In carotid artery segments, between two sites of freeze injury, denervation was established by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The denervated segments were not morphologically different from uninjured carotid arteries in either control or cholesterol-fed rabbits. While injury induced intimal thickening and foam cell development, denervation did not. It is concluded that perivascular denervation is a consequence of silastic collar application and is not involved in the induction of atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Antegrade recanalization of completely embolized internal carotid artery after treatment of a giant intracavernous aneurysm: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Parent artery occlusion is one of the traditional methods of treatment for unclippable aneurysms. However, parent artery occlusion may not result in permanent exclusion of the aneurysm from the systemic circulation. We present a case of cerebral aneurysm treated by proximal embolization of the parent artery, which recanalized during the follow-up period. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 69-year-old woman presented with a right blepharoptosis and diplopia. A large aneurysm arising from the cavernous portion of the right internal carotid artery was found and endovascularly excluded from the cerebral circulation by proximal internal carotid artery occlusion with balloons. Eleven days after treatment, occlusion of the parent artery and obliteration of the aneurysm were angiographically confirmed. However, the parent artery was found to be recanalized with nearly total obliteration of the aneurysm at the follow-up 6 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: Angiography suggested that recanalization took place through the vaso vasorum. We believe that recanalization was induced by marginal cerebral blood flow in the ipsilateral hemisphere.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Neovascularization in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions.

Neovessels within human coronary atherosclerotic lesions are frequently observed, but their pathophysiological significance is still subject to debate. Also, the origin of these vessels and their pathways in the arterial wall are not well-known. In this study, we describe the transmural pathway and the frequency of neovessels both in vivo and in autopsy cases. Atherosclerotic coronary arteries were obtained during autopsy in 10 subjects without previous cardiovascular symptoms. In 25 patients undergoing percutaneous intervention for either stable or unstable angina, plaque fragments were retrieved by directional coronary atherectomy. In the autopsy study, at least one coronary artery in each case showed some degree of neointimal proliferation, characterized by smooth muscle cells in a dense extracellular matrix. A neovascularization process was seen in 17.5% of the 40 samples analyzed. In 2 cases, the transmural pathway of the neovessels could be tracked: serial sections revealed the emergence of an arteriole from the adventitia of the coronary artery, its transmedial course as a capillary, and its opening into the coronary arterial lumen. In symptomatic patients who underwent atherectomy, neovessels were found in 1 of 9 patients with stable angina (11%) and in 8 of 16 patients with unstable angina (50%, P < 0.05). Mostly, the neovessels appeared as capillaries cut in their short axis. In 2 cases, however, the capillary was seen in its longitudinal axis, and its pathway could be traced through the atherosclerotic lesion to its opening in the coronary lumen, as in the autopsy study. Therefore, neovessels frequently develop in the atherothrombotic plaque, both in asymptomatic and anginal patients. In the latter group, the proliferation of neovessels is more frequent in acute coronary syndromes. These findings have several implications, in particular for percutaneous coronary angioplasty and related procedures, such as local drug delivery.

Adult↗