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Results for “Universal Health Insurance”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Analysis of inequalities in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in a universal coverage health care system.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyse whether differences exist in social class or education level in coronary heart disease (CHD) secondary prevention and in cardiovascular risk factor control in a universal coverage health care system. DESIGN: Cross-sectional multi-centre study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 1022 CHD patients recruited from residents in the catchment areas covered by 23 primary health care facilities in Catalonia, Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data, cardiovascular co-morbidity, smoking, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), drug therapy used for secondary prevention, educational level, and social class based on occupation. RESULTS: Patients at the lowest educational level were more frequently women, older, and diabetic. Patients in the middle educational level were more frequently smokers than those in the highest or the lowest level (24.7, 8.7, and 12.0%, respectively; P = 0.008) and had better systolic blood pressure levels (125 mmHg (15), 135 mmHg (16), and 134 mmHg (17), respectively; P = 0.001). All educational levels and social classes had similar adjusted rates of risk factor control. Therapeutic management was also similar among all educational levels and social classes, after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: CHD patients in the lower SES received similar treatment for secondary prevention and achieved similar control of risk factors. No social inequalities were found in secondary prevention in CHD patients using the National Health System in Spain.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Universal health care coverage in the United States: barriers, prospects, and implications.

Universal health care coverage has long been a concern for social workers. This article examines barriers to and prospects for universal coverage in the United States. The article identifies major obstacles to universal coverage, addresses current problems with the U.S. health care system, discusses the debate over Medicare and Medicaid, and considers possible routes to universal coverage. The article also discusses implications for NASW and other supporters of a single-payer system.

Health Care Reform↗
PubMed2003

Oregon's transition to a managed care model for Medicaid-funded substance abuse treatment: steamrolling the glass menagerie.

The approval of a Health Care Financing Administration (now called Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) 1115 Medicaid waiver in Oregon allowed the state to design and implement an expanded publicly funded health care system, the Oregon Health Plan (OHP). Integral to OHP is the administration of physical and behavioral health services, including outpatient substance abuse treatment, through contracted managed care organizations. The two overarching changes to the outpatient substance abuse treatment system were expanded Medicaid eligibility and new operating procedures for the outpatient substance abuse treatment system. The authors used grounded theory to examine the effects of this transition on the treatment system, with an emphasis on the experiences of treatment providers.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Universal health coverage in the United Kingdom.

This United Kingdom has had universal health coverage since 1948, provided through its government-funded National Health Service (NHS). In recent years, increasing workload and treatment costs have put a considerable strain on the NHS. The government has responded to these challenges through a controversial program of organizational changes in the NHS. In its most recent policy initiatives, the government proposes to increase the proportion of national income spent on the NHS and make much greater use of private-sector health care providers.

Forecasting↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health coverage in Italy.

Italy, as other developed European countries, has a national health service (NHS) that, in principle, offers universal health care and coverage to Italians and other legal (non-Italian) residents who have full access to health care. Although Italy has always spent less for health care than other European countries (Italy, in 2002, spent about 8% of its gross national product for health care, which is approximately half the level of spending in the U.S.), the government's lack of control over spending remained the most relevant problem. To enhance the capability to control and monitor the system, mainly in terms of expenditures and costs, from the late 1990s to the present, new health reforms were introduced. These reforms were in the context of a wider change involving other politics and administrative aspects, with a strong push to decentralize the decisions and the accountability at the regional level. Now, each region has an individual Health Regional Fund allocated for health care, along with the subsequent need to implement regional and individualized strategies to assure the governance of the cost and quality of care. The National Department of Health now is solely responsible to control and monitor the delivery of the essential level of care at the regional level, and they have maintained the governance of the drug policy. Although the changes synthesized above will require a long period to be fully implemented, a few negative effects have already occurred. Nevertheless, all citizens in Italy will have full access to any level of care, without any restrictions, for complex and costly procedures (as no explicit selection/adverse criteria were implemented), and the current policy on drugs does not imply any barriers for people (as essential drugs are directly and fully reimbursed by the NHS, with a small copayment being the only intervention that may be occasionally implemented when considered necessary).

Female↗
PubMed1997

Financing reforms in the German hospital sector: from full cost cover principle to prospective case fees.

OBJECTIVES: The authors provide an overview of the hospital sector in Germany with a focus on the impact of recent reform legislation on this sector. METHODS: Data from the Federal Statistics Office, the Ministry of Health, and the Federal Association of Physicians are synthesized with information obtained from a general review of the literature. RESULTS: Before the implementation of recent health-care reforms, the German health-care system has been sharply divided into inpatient and ambulatory care sectors, resulting in a fragmented system of care delivery. All hospital operating costs were fully covered through per diem charges. The 1992 Health Care Structure Act and subsequent pieces of legislation have introduced new mechanisms to improve cost efficiency in the hospital sector and increase coordination between the inpatient and outpatient care. These measures notably include implementing an inpatient prospective payment system and permitting ambulatory surgery and care services to be offered in inpatient settings. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas prospective payments have greatly reduced the length of stay, hospitals were reluctant to offer ambulatory surgery due to budgetary constraints and the high level of ambulatory surgery by office-based physicians. The reforms passed have not yielded substantial cost savings. These reforms offer a natural experiment that could benefit from national and international studies on the impact of hospital sector redesign on management, financing, and patient outcomes.

Financial Management, Hospital↗
PubMed2002

Ethical health care policy: nursing's voice in allocation.

Nurse administrators must become more involved in the policy debates concerning universal access to care and allocation of health care resources. In order to promote nursing's agenda in the policy debates, nurses must be familiar with the numerous ethical issues that impact macroallocation decisions. This article explores the ethical viewpoint of the nursing profession as it relates to allocation decisions and examines how the ethical principles of the nursing profession, along with the ethical theories of egalitarianism and utilitarianism, can be used throughout the policy process to guide the development of a plan for universal access to care.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A look at nursing's agenda for health care reform.

Nursing organizations have united behind a program for restructuring health care. Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform proposes 1) universal health care insurance coverage for a wide range of health care services; 2) greater freedom of consumer choice and access to a variety of providers (including nurses); and 3) incentives to reduce costs, including managed care and a shift in emphasis toward preventive health care services.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2002

Solidarism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Capitalism↗