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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Toothbrush abrasion caused by different dentifrices.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasive effect on toothbrush bristles caused by three brands of commercially distributed dentifrices: Colgate regular flavor, Crest tartar-control formula, and Caffree gel. New brushes and brushes tested in distilled water served as controls. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of all test samples, randomly labeled, then presented to independent evaluators. Each bristle evaluated was assigned to one of seven wear categories adapted from previous studies. Crest and Caffree produced the most bristle wear and were not significantly different from each other. Colgate and water resulted in less wear, and new brushes the least wear. These results demonstrate that the effective life of a toothbrush will vary with the type of dentifrice used.

Dentifrices↗
PubMed1991

A clinical trial on the effectiveness of professional toothbrushing using dentifrice and water.

The purpose of this trial was to compare the plaque removal effectiveness of professional toothbrushing with dentifrice and with only water. Fifty three subjects were divided into a dentifrice and a water group. Both groups had their teeth professionally brushed for one minute using either dentifrice or water. Plaque scores were recorded before and immediately after brushing. The results of this trial show that toothbrushing with dentifrice was more effective in removing plaque compared to brushing with water alone. The amount of plaque reduction was low, and varied with tooth surfaces. The mid buccal surface had the greatest reduction of plaque. No significant differences were observed on the distobuccal and distolingual surfaces when the dentifrice group was compared with the water group.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1991

Clinical evaluation of the Plak Trac toothbrush.

Three separate studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of the Plak Trac mechanical toothbrush. In an exaggerated use study, volunteers used the product a minimum of five times a day for eight days. Soft tissue evaluations were conducted before and at various times after use of the Plak Trac brush throughout the study. No tissue irritation related to product use was observed or reported at any time in the study. In a thirty-day at-home use study the Plak Track brush was compared to the Colgate ADA-approved manual toothbrush. Plak Trac was consistently more effective than the Colgate brush on plaque removal, at higher statistical levels. Both brushes were effective in decreasing the gingival index during the study. In a one-time use test, Plak Trac, Interplak, and the Oral B 35 manual brush were evaluated for plaque removal efficacy. All brushes significantly reduced both smooth surface and interproximal plaque scores. On total smooth surfaces Plak Trac was significantly more effective than the Interplak brush.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abrasive effect of a rotating electrical toothbrush on dentin.

The Rota-dent brush has been compared to conventional manual toothbrushes as to the abrasive effect on the dentin. Thirty-two teeth were embedded in epoxyresin. The test blocks were ground and polished, thereafter brushed with Jordan Soft, Jordan Blå Kjerne, Wisdom Plaque Master (hard) and three different Rota-dent brushes, Standardpoint, Hollow-cup and Longpoint. The brushing experiment was made in a test chamber filled with distilled water. After the brushing, the profiles of the brushtracks on the blocks were measured. On all the blocks, small tracks appeared which were not measurable. Conventional toothbrushes and Rota-Dent brushes used without dentifrice gave minimal abrasion on the dentin.

Dentin↗
PubMed1990

Fluoride in dental plaque after a single toothbrushing with monofluorophosphate dentifrice.

Many studies have shown that topical fluoride applications can produce a fluoride reservoir in dental plaque. Since the most common topical fluoride application is via toothbrushing with fluoridated dentifrices, the aim of this study was to measure fluoride uptake by dental plaque after a single toothbrushing with monofluorophosphate (MFP) toothpaste and to follow the plaque until its fluoride concentration returned to the prebrushing levels. In a fluoridated area, plaque samples were collected from 26 children who brushed with MFP toothpaste, 22 children who brushed with a fluoride-free control toothpaste, before brushing and at intervals of 10 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after brushing. A combination fluoride electrode was used to determine the fluoride content of the samples. In conclusion, our study has shown that brushing with fluoridated water has a positive effect on the fluoride level of the plaque and the addition of MFP did not make a significant change, although it had a short term effect. A negative correlation was established between plaque wet weight and its fluoride content whenever the plaque equilibrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The development of a toothbrushing programme at a school for children with moderate and severe learning difficulties.

A toothbrushing programme was established in a school for children aged 3 to 19 years with moderate and severe learning difficulties. Toothbrushes were provided and the importance of using the school staff to help and encourage the children to brush their teeth on a daily basis was emphasized. The early improvement in oral cleanliness was maintained after a period of fourteen months. Analysis of the data was undertaken using the unpaired t-test for mean debris scores. Significant differences compared with the baseline scores were recorded on three occasions. The programme is continuing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Psychomotor skills and incentive as predictors in a children's toothbrushing program.

Sixty-four children, four to twelve years of age, were seen in a pediatric dental clinic for routine dental examinations. Prior to dental treatment subjects were administered tests of visual-motor development and dental knowledge. Children were randomly assigned to a toothbrushing-instruction (individual training in horizontal scrubbing) or no-instruction group. Within each group, subjects were assigned to an incentive (promise of a special prize for brushing well) or no-incentive condition. Plaque score measurements and toothbrushing skills evaluations were performed at the initial appointment and at a one-week follow-up. Brushing skills were predicted by visual-motor skills and by dental knowledge. Level of visual-motor development predicted the likelihood of missing fewer oral areas, while brushing incentive was found to affect overall improvement in plaque removal regardless of instruction. Instruction affected improvements in brushing the more difficult molar teeth and lingual surfaces specifically.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Swallowed toothbrush: an indication for immediate endoscopy].

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem encountered in the emergency room. A swallowed toothbrush poses a special problem as it never passes through the GI tract spontaneously. Early endoscopy and removal is recommended. We report a 16-year-old girl who accidentally swallowed a toothbrush which was extracted via endoscopy without complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

["Denta-Solar"--clinical study of new toothbrush with integrated TiO2 semi-conductor].

The aim of this work is to answer the question as to whether the TiO2 semiconductor integrated into the toothbrush "Denta-Sola" has any effect on the removal of plaque. The clinical study shows that the Silness/Löe and Quigley/Hein plaque indices improved when the "Denta-Solar" was used over a four-week study period, whereas they deteriorated when the toothbrush was used without the semiconductor.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1995

Clinical evaluation of plaque removal by counterrotational electric toothbrush in orthodontic patients.

In the present crossover clinical trial, the plaque-removing efficacy of a counterrotational toothbrush was compared to that of a normal toothbrush in orthodontic patients. Twenty subjects, aged 11 to 26 years, who had orthodontic brackets on all fully erupted teeth of at least one arch were selected. At the first appointment, a prophylaxis was given to bring the plaque score to 0. Ten subjects received counterrotational brushes, and 10 subjects received manual brushes according to a randomized list. At 14 days, plaque scores were recorded and another prophylaxis was given. The subjects who were using the electric brush were assigned to the manual brush and vice versa. At 28 days, plaque scores were reassessed. Results showed that the counterrotational brush was significantly more effective in removing supragingival plaque from bracketed teeth than was the manual brush. The differences in plaque-removing effectiveness were particularly consistent on the proximal surfaces of the teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A combined analysis of a toothbrush, foam brush, and a chlorhexidine-soaked foam brush in maintaining oral hygiene.

Oral hygiene in immunocompromised patients is important in preventing oral infection and may be important in preventing systemic infections. By mechanically reducing bacterial plaque levels in the oral cavity, the risk of infection may be reduced. Foam brushes have been shown to be ineffective in controlling plaque levels and gingivitis. In a 2-week trial, we demonstrated that using a foam brush soaked in chlorhexidine reduces plaque and controls gingivitis as effectively as using a toothbrush. Foam brushes soaked in chlorhexidine should be used when toothbrushing cannot be performed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Correlates of toothbrushing in preschool children by their parents in four ethnic groups in The Netherlands.

A previous study among Amsterdam 5-year-old children showed that on average, the older the child at the onset of toothbrushing and the less frequent the toothbrushing, the more life time caries experience it had. The aim of the present study was to assess correlates of these two caries risk factors, in four ethnic groups. A further aim was to evaluate the putative role of correlates as intervening variables between ethnicity and caries risk factors. Questionnaire data were available from the Amsterdam study, in which a stratified sample of 103 Turkish, 258 Moroccan, 59 Dutch and 56 Surinamese parents were interviewed at home in their mother tongue. Results showed 69 per cent of the Turkish, 45 per cent of the Moroccan, 17 per cent of the Dutch and 11 per cent of the Surinamese parents had commenced brushing their child's teeth only after its second birthday or even never at all. Moreover, many parents had not brushed their child's teeth every day. Almost all potential correlates in six domains, namely parental habits, attitudes, evaluative beliefs, behavioural beliefs, perceived role of the child and that of the partner, were found to be related crudely to the risk factors. Large differences in score patterns on the correlates were observed between ethnic groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed substantial parts of the differences in risk factor scores between the Turkish group and a combined Dutch and Surinamese reference group could be attributed to the intervening role of the correlates, as could only minor parts of the difference in risk factor scores between the Moroccan group and the reference group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1994

A new method for in vitro evaluation of the interproximal penetration of manual toothbrushes.

A new in vitro method for determining interproximal penetration of different toothbrush designs is reported. This method is based on videotape recordings of the brushing patterns of 31 subjects. Circular, up-and-down, and back-and-forth brush strokes were all employed, with the brush being set at both 45 degrees and 90 degrees angles for back-and-forth brushing. Overall results were weighted according to the proportion of brushing time during which participants typically use each stroke. The tooth morphology was closely simulated by the use of typodonts. Interproximal penetration was measured by removal of "artificial plaque" (an ethyl ester of PVM/MA copolymer) shown to have a tenacity on the typodont tooth surface similar to 12-hour plaque as measured on 6 subjects. The brushing force used was based on the measured brushing force of 8 panelists during actual brushing and was consistent with forces reported in the literature. This method was used to test the interproximal penetration of three different toothbrush designs: rippled pattern (Crest Complete), multi-level (Colgate Precision), and flat-tufted (Oral-B P40). The Crest Complete was found to provide superior interproximal penetration to Oral-B P40 and Colgate Precision for all brushing techniques, although its advantage over the Colgate Precision failed to reach statistical significance for back-and-forth brushing with the brush at a 45 degree angle to the tooth. The Colgate Precision was superior to the Oral-B overall, and for three of four brushing techniques tested. There was no difference between the two brushes on back-and-forth brushing at a 90 degree angle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A clinical trial of the INTERPLAK powered toothbrush in a geriatric population.

This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of the counter-rotational powered toothbrush in a nursing home environment. A group of 60 nursing home patients were selected; each was assigned to a specific trained toothbrusher. Participants were divided into two groups stratified by gingival inflammation in a crossover-design clinical trial. Each individual used the powered brush for one 4-week period, and a manual or conventional brush for another 4-week period. A suitable period of nonintervention separated the two 4-week periods of intervention to allow plaque and gingival scores to revert to baseline. The participants were evaluated for plaque and gingivitis before and after each brushing period. The experimental brush reduced both plaque and gingivitis more effectively than the conventional brush. The mean reduction in plaque scores was 1.44 for the conventional brush, 1.92 for the powered brush (Quigley-Hein Plaque Index). The mean reduction in gingival inflammation scores was 0.47 for the conventional brush, and 0.77 for the experimental brush (Löe and Silness Gingival Index). Participants perceived the counter-rotational powered brush to be more effective, and at the exit interview overwhelmingly preferred to keep it rather than the conventional brush.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Severe HELLP syndrome presenting with acute gum bleeding following toothbrushing at 38 weeks' gestation.

We describe a case of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP syndrome) at 38 weeks' gestation. This condition was diagnosed when the patient presented with acute, persistent gum bleeding after toothbrushing. Her platelet count was 26,000/mm3. Bleeding gums have rarely led to the diagnosis of this syndrome; this case appears to be the most severe description of this clinical presentation following toothbrushing yet presented in the literature. Although the patient had been hospitalized 48 hours earlier with nonspecific viral-like symptoms, she was discharged after being treated with intravenous hydration. Reexamination of laboratory studies obtained at the time of her first presentation revealed thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis of this syndrome could possibly have been made at that time. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining a low threshold of suspicion for this syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of repeated toothbrushing instructions on periodontal health in a community].

This study was conducted to compare the effect of frequency of toothbrushing instruction using the Toothpick Method in a community periodontal health program. Two courses, one consisting of three monthly toothbrushing instructions and the other a single instruction session, were given to residents in a small town. Thirty-one subjects (mean age; 48.7 +/- 9.2) in the three-time instruction course and 40 subjects (mean age; 55.2 +/- 8.3) in the single instruction course participated in dental examinations. During the first visit, the subjects of the both groups attended a class for dental health education, and observed their dental plaque using a phase contrast microscope, and the condition of their teeth and periodontal tissue was recorded. They were instructed to brush their teeth by the Toothpick Method. After 1 year, the subjects of the both groups were examined and required to fill out a questionnaire. The percentage of sites with gingival redness and swelling significantly decreased after 1 month, 2 months and 1 year in the three-time instruction group. In the single instruction group, however, gingival redness and swelling did not change after 1 year. The percentage of sites with bleeding on probing significantly decreased in the both groups. The improvement ratio for the CPITN code was higher in the three-time instruction group than the other. The questionnaire showed that subjects in the three-time instruction group brushed their teeth more actively, and were more satisfied with the program than those in the single instruction group. These results show that the three-time instruction course was more effective than the single instruction course.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

An in vitro evaluation of electric toothbrushes.

Four commercially available electric toothbrushes (Sonicare, Braun Electric Toothbrush, Interplak, and Blend-a-Dent) were assessed both for their operating characteristics and their ability to remove a "food debris" medium. The Sonicare and Blend-a-Dent have a lateral vibratory action, while the Interplak and Braun produce a rotary movement of the brush head. The vibratory action of the Sonicare was susceptible to loading. All devices produced both stable-pulsating cavitation and acoustic microstreaming that was demonstrated in vitro using a suspension of particles in water. Their effectiveness in removing a food debris medium was assessed with and without water. Three of the brushes (Sonicare, Braun, and Blend-a-Dent) were similar in their ability to remove the plaque, and all were superior to the Interplak; its streaming forces removed no food debris. The results indicated that the Blend-a-Dent was the most effective brush design in vitro, although the differences between Blend-a-Dent and Sonicare were not statistically significant.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1995

A comparative study of stain removal with two electric toothbrushes and a manual brush.

Recent studies have suggested that a sonic electric toothbrush is more effective than a manual brush at removing extrinsic dental stain. There have been few studies of the comparative stain removal properties of different electric brushes. The study reported here was conducted to compare the efficacy of the sonic toothbrush (Sonicare) with an oscillating/rotating brush (Braun Oral-B Plaque Remover) and a conventional manual brush (Crest Complete). The study was a single-blind, randomized, cross-over design, balanced for residual effects and employing 24 subjects. Stain was enhanced over a 21-day period by twice-daily rinses with chlorhexidine and frequent intakes of tea and/or coffee. At the end of each period, tooth stain intensity and area, tongue stain intensity and area, lower lingual calculus and subjective tooth sensitivity were recorded together with preference for the brushes determined at the study's completion. Similar levels of tongue staining were recorded for the three periods, with no significant differences between the three groups. Tooth stain intensity, for most sites, was not significantly different between the three groups. For mean total stain area and for lingual and lingual interproximal sites, a significant reduction in stain was seen following use of the oscillating/rotating brush compared to the manual brush. The reductions in stain with the sonic brush were not significantly different from the manual brush. With the exception of maximum stain intensity, there were no significant differences between the oscillating/rotating and sonic brushes. Significantly less tooth sensitivity was found following use of the oscillating/rotating brush compared to both the manual and sonic brushes. All three brushes were found to be safe, but volunteer preference significantly and predominantly favored the oscillating/rotating brush. The results suggest that the oscillating/rotating brush is superior to a manual brush for stain removal.

Adult↗