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PubMed1995

[Problems and risks in the movement of the mandibular anterior teeth].

The key role of the lower anterior incisors as well as the complicated anatomical relationship of this area play a significant part in orthodontic treatment planning. Three fundamental points of view are selected here for discussion: 1. the variability and clinical relevance of the initial periodontal findings, 2. the importance of the symphysis to sagittal and vertical tooth movement, and, 3. the specific problem associated with periodontal bone loss. The few clinical and experimental studies found in the literature indicate that every anterior tooth movement has to be oriented according to the structure and facio-lingual width of the alveolar bone and that movement should progress in a controlled fashion. Rapid tipping tooth movements are to be avoided so as to minimize the risk of bone dehiscences and root resorption. Orthodontic tooth movement should be avoided when the initial findings show a narrow symphysis or questionable labiolingual bone coverage. Pre-orthodontic thin gingiva and alveolar mucosa can be an indication for a mucosal graft aimed at preventing subsequent bone and gingival dehiscences. In the future, systematic 3-D CT analysis of pre-orthodontic and post-orthodontic findings will contribute to a better estimation of the case specific potential of compensatory bone apposition.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

A histologic comparison of Hydron and zinc oxide-eugenol as endodontic filling materials in the primary teeth of dogs.

Currently available endodontic filling materials for primary teeth demonstrate several inadequacies. Therefore, this study histologically evaluates Hydron (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) and zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) as primary tooth endodontic filling materials in dogs to compare the materials' biocompatibility and to determine whether they undergo resorption in a physiologic manner. Primary molars of six mongrel dogs, 2 to 3 months old, received one-step endodontic therapy. By random selection, two thirds of the molars were filled with either Hydron or ZOE and the remainder were used as unoperated controls. Block sections taken during physiologic root resorption were used to obtain serial hematoxylin and eosin sections of periapical regions. Hydron was phagocytosed by mononuclear macrophages in a physiologic manner and at a rate comparable to that of root tissues. In contrast, ZOE demonstrated delayed resorption and transitory inflammation. Neither material showed cytotoxicity. Hydron may therefore be a suitable endodontic material for human primary teeth.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of apicoectomy before replantation on periodontal and pulpal healing in teeth in monkeys.

The effect of resection of the apical part of the root before replantation upon periodontal and pulpal healing was studied in 7 green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) using teeth with incomplete and complete root formation. Maxillary central incisors, mandibular lateral incisors and first and second mandibular molars were used in this experiment. On one side, the tooth was extracted and replanted with an intact root while the contralateral tooth had 2 mm of the apex resected for the purpose of facilitating pulpal repair and eliminating resorption in the resorption-prone region of the root. The replanted teeth were examined histologically 8 weeks after replantation. The histometric analysis revealed no significant difference in periodontal healing between teeth with or without apical resection. With regard to pulpal healing, apical resection was found to lead to significantly less vital pulp tissue in teeth with immature root formation. A similar, but not significant difference was found for mature teeth. Based on these findings, it could not be recommended that apices be resected prior to replantation in order to improve pulpal repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effect of a teflon membrane to augment the healing of extraction sockets in monkeys.

The present study was undertaken in 9 monkeys to test the effect of a teflon membrane to augment the healing of extraction sockets. The 4 lateral incisors of each animal were extracted using a surgical flap approach. Two of the sockets on one side were covered with teflon membrane (experimental sites), while the same procedure was repeated with the exception of the applications of the teflon membrane on the remaining two sockets of the contralateral side (controls). The distal surfaces of the central incisors were notched at the level of the crest of the alveolar bone as the reference points for measurements of alveolar bone response. Re-entries were performed on three monkeys at 50, 90 and 150 days after tooth extraction and the bone fill of the sockets was evaluated. It was concluded from the results that there was a tendency for the teflon membrane placement to result in a greater amount of clinical alveolar bone fill and lesser extent of bone resorption after tooth extraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dental implant reconstruction after endodontic failure: report of case.

Avulsion of natural teeth caused by trauma may present an unusual problem for the general practitioner. Endodontic therapy and replantation of the tooth into the socket have a relatively low long-term prognosis because of internal or external root resorption. Dental implants can provide proper support and function for missing teeth with excellent esthetic results without preparation of natural dentition. In this case report, an implant system is used to restore an anterior space created by the loss of endodontically treated central and lateral incisors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in dental and periodontal hard tissues during tooth movement by radiographies].

The authors based the observation of 13 monkey's 125 radiographies and described the course of histological changes in orthodontics. The results confirmed that we should not use more than 100 grams of force for monkey's upper lateral incisors in orthodontics treatment. The more force is applied the more severe injuries will be resulted. It is emphasized that radiograph examination is very important in orthodontic treatment. Radiographies may showed the characteristics of histological changes of dental and periodontal hard tissues during tooth movement.

Animals↗