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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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PubMed2005

Information retrieval and knowledge discovery utilising a biomedical Semantic Web.

Although various ontologies and knowledge sources have been developed in recent years to facilitate biomedical research, it is difficult to assimilate information from multiple knowledge sources. To enable researchers to easily gain understanding of a biomedical concept, a biomedical Semantic Web that seamlessly integrates knowledge from biomedical ontologies, publications and patents would be very helpful. In this paper, current research efforts in representing biomedical knowledge in Semantic Web languages are surveyed. Techniques are presented for information retrieval and knowledge discovery from the Semantic Web that extend traditional keyword search and database querying techniques. Finally, some of the challenges that have to be addressed to make the vision of a biomedical Semantic Web a reality are discussed.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Extracting synonymous gene and protein terms from biological literature.

MOTIVATION: Genes and proteins are often associated with multiple names. More names are added as new functional or structural information is discovered. Because authors can use any one of the known names for a gene or protein, information retrieval and extraction would benefit from identifying the gene and protein terms that are synonyms of the same substance. RESULTS: We have explored four complementary approaches for extracting gene and protein synonyms from text, namely the unsupervised, partially supervised, and supervised machine-learning techniques, as well as the manual knowledge-based approach. We report results of a large scale evaluation of these alternatives over an archive of biological journal articles. Our evaluation shows that our extraction techniques could be a valuable supplement to resources such as SWISSPROT, as our systems were able to capture gene and protein synonyms not listed in the SWISSPROT database.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

Knowledge discovery by automated identification and ranking of implicit relationships.

MOTIVATION: New relationships are often implicit from existing information, but the amount and growth of published literature limits the scope of analysis an individual can accomplish. Our goal was to develop and test a computational method to identify relationships within scientific reports, such that large sets of relationships between unrelated items could be sought out and statistically ranked for their potential relevance as a set. RESULTS: We first construct a network of tentative relationships between 'objects' of biomedical research interest (e.g. genes, diseases, phenotypes, chemicals) by identifying their co-occurrences within all electronically available MEDLINE records. Relationships shared by two unrelated objects are then ranked against a random network model to estimate the statistical significance of any given grouping. When compared against known relationships, we find that this ranking correlates with both the probability and frequency of object co-occurrence, demonstrating the method is well suited to discover novel relationships based upon existing shared relationships. To test this, we identified compounds whose shared relationships predicted they might affect the development and/or progression of cardiac hypertrophy. When laboratory tests were performed in a rodent model, chlorpromazine was found to reduce the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2005

POSBIOTM-NER: a trainable biomedical named-entity recognition system.

SUMMARY: POSBIOTM-NER is a trainable biomedical named-entity recognition system. POSBIOTM-NER can be automatically trained and adapted to new datasets without performance degradation, using CRF (conditional random field) machine learning techniques and automatic linguistic feature analysis. Currently, we have trained our system on three different datasets. GENIA-NER was trained based on GENIA Corpus, GENE-NER based on BioCreative data and GPCR-NER based on our own POSBIOTM/NE corpus, respectively, which would be used in GPCR-related pathway extraction.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

At issue: a default analysis for schizophrenia research.

The concept that there are at least three clinical syndromes within schizophrenia has been influential, and the significance of these syndromes is supported by a growing number of studies. However, the meaning of these syndromes is not clear. The yield of research studies could be increased by the application of a "default" data analysis, in which the differential association--if any--of the three syndromes with the dependent variable(s) of a study is determined.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

Holo-analysis.

Meta-analysis is a vague descriptor used to encompass very diverse methods of data collection analysis, ranging from simple averages to more complex statistical methods. Holo-analysis is a fully comprehensive statistical analysis of all available data and all available variables in a specified topic, with results expressed in a holistic factual empirical model. The objectives and applications of holo-analysis include software production for prediction of responses with confidence limits, translation of research conditions to praxis (field) circumstances, exposure of key missing variables, discovery of theoretically unpredictable variables and interactions, and planning future research. Holo-analyses are cited as examples of the effects on broiler feed intake and live weight gain of exogenous phytases, which account for 70% of variation in responses in terms of 20 highly significant chronological, dietary, environmental, genetic, managemental, and nutrient variables. Even better future accountancy of variation will be facilitated if and when authors of papers routinely provide key data for currently neglected variables, such as temperatures, complete feed formulations, and mortalities.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1997

Comorbidity in ADHD: implications for research, practice, and DSM-V.

OBJECTIVE: Since the introduction of DSM-III/III-R, clinicians and investigators have shown increasing interest in the study of conditions comorbid with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Better understanding ADHD comorbidity patterns is needed to guide treatment, research and future classification approaches. METHOD: The ADHD literature from the past 15 years was reviewed to (1) explore the most prevalent patterns of ADHD comorbidity; (2) examine the correlates and longitudinal predictors of comorbidity; and (3) determine the extent to which comorbid patterns convey unique information concerning ADHD etiology, treatment and outcomes. To identify potential new syndromes, the authors examined comorbid patterns based on eight validational criteria. RESULTS: The largest available body of literature concerned the comorbidity with ADHD and conduct disorder/aggression, with a substantially smaller amount of data concerning other comorbid conditions. In many areas the literature was sparse, and pertinent questions concerning comorbidity patterns remain unexplored. Nonetheless available data warrant the delineation of two new subclassifications of ADHD: (1) ADHD aggressive subtype, and (2) ADHD, anxious subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Additional studies of the frequency of comorbidity and associated factors are greatly needed to include studies of differential effects of treatment of children with various comorbid ADHD disorders, as well as of ADHD children who differ on etiological factors.

Aggression↗
PubMed2001

Policies and procedures: friend or foe? Part 1.

Policy and procedure wording can make or break caregiving accountability. Test your knowledge with the following questions, then check your answers at http://www.nursingmanagement.com.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Dysfunctional tear syndrome: a Delphi approach to treatment recommendations.

PURPOSE: To develop current treatment recommendations for dry eye disease from consensus of expert advice. METHODS: Of 25 preselected international specialists on dry eye, 17 agreed to participate in a modified, 2-round Delphi panel approach. Based on available literature and standards of care, a survey was presented to each panelist. A two-thirds majority was used for consensus building from responses obtained. Treatment algorithms were created. Treatment recommendations for different types and severity levels of dry eye disease were the main outcome. RESULTS: A new term for dry eye disease was proposed: dysfunctional tear syndrome (DTS). Treatment recommendations were based primarily on patient symptoms and signs. Available diagnostic tests were considered of secondary importance in guiding therapy. Development of algorithms was based on the presence or absence of lid margin disease and disturbances of tear distribution and clearance. Disease severity was considered the most important factor for treatment decision-making and was categorized into 4 levels. Severity was assessed on the basis of tear substitute requirements, symptoms of ocular discomfort, and visual disturbance. Clinical signs present in lids, tear film, conjunctiva, and cornea were also used for categorization of severity. Consensus was reached on treatment algorithms for DTS with and without concurrent lid disease. CONCLUSION: Panelist opinion relied on symptoms and signs (not tests) for selection of treatment strategies. Therapy is chosen to match disease severity and presence versus absence of lid margin disease or tear distribution and clearance disturbances.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Toward the definition of cerebral arteriopathies of childhood.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To facilitate and standardize the diagnosis of cerebrovascular conditions in childhood, particularly in the field of arterial ischemic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Progress in diagnostic techniques in the past decade have led to newly established etiologies for childhood stroke, most of which represent some form of vascular pathology. These advances must be integrated into a modern nomenclature system with revised definitions of stroke and arterial wall diseases-arteriopathies-in childhood. SUMMARY: This nomenclature system is intended to facilitate and enhance clinical research in childhood stroke, particularly multicenter collaborative studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990.

Lists of abbreviations for genus names of bacteria are expanded to accommodate 103 new entries which are names that have been validity published since the publication of an updated list by Rogosa et al. in 1986 (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36:464-472). These abbreviations are provided to serve the need for appropriate codified abbreviations for use in processing or indexing of information on computers.

Abbreviations as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Dr. Marjory Warren and the origin of British geriatrics.

The life and works of the pioneer British geriatrician, Marjory Warren, are worthy of closer examination. The transformation of a Public Assistance Institution into her unit at the West Middlesex Hospital in 1935 represented the first organized geriatric medicine service in the United Kingdom. She promoted multidisciplinary rehabilitation and holistic appreciation of elderly patients, and emphasized the economic, social, and moral problems associated with their care. She was particularly concerned with the rehabilitation of hemiplegics and amputees, preventive medicine, patient responsibility, and home nursing. She underscored the need for geriatrics to maintain a close link with general medicine and its training programs. Her innovative methods, influential writings, committee work, and personal force were instrumental in the evolution of modern British geriatrics and rehabilitation medicine.

England↗