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PubMed1998

Comparison of bait cattle and carbon dioxide-baited suction traps for collecting Culicoides variipennis sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Carbon dioxide-baited suction trap collections were related to simultaneous bait cattle collections of Culicoides variipennis sonorensis Wirth & Jones. Trap collections varied directly with numbers taken from each of 3 calves. More (3.4x) C. v. sonorensis were taken in a trap with 1,000 ml CO2/min versus a trap baited with approximately 300 ml/min (matched to calves by weight). Numbers of insects taken from three individual calves relative to their equivalent CO2 output did not differ, but engorgement of C. v. sonorensis was higher on 1 calf compared with the other 2 calves. Up to 281 C. v. sonorensis fed on a calf exposed for 10 min. More male (7.7x) and female (6.1x) C. v. sonorensis were collected from the calf relative to its equivalent amount of CO2. Under conditions described here, female C. v. sonorensis caught by a suction trap multiplied by 7.2 approximates numbers expected to be caught near a calf. Engorgement of C. v. sonorensis on individual calves declined as abundance increased. Culex quinquefasciatus Say was collected in equal numbers from the calves and their equivalent CO2 output, and none fed on the cattle. Most (85%) C. v. sonorensis in the vicinity of the CO2-baited suction trap were collected in the catch bag, compared with 26% of Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Superficial suction lipectomy: something old, something new, something borrowed....

Superficial suction lipectomy has been proposed for the treatment of flaccid skin and for irregular-appearing, peau d'orange skin. For the purposes of diagnosis and treatment, this represents two entities for which superficial suction lipectomy is applicable: type A and type B conditions. A series of 20 patients who had contour problems amenable to liposuction and either of these two skin conditions were evaluated concurrently. Results suggested that superficial suction lipectomy is a feasible extension of traditional liposuction using smaller cannulas as the subdermal fat layer is approached. It is likely that it represents an additional tool for specific situations seen in a spectrum of disorders that multiply and overlap with age rather than a replacement for dermolipectomies or a definite treatment for skin textural disorders.

Bandages↗

PubMed1984

Manometric guidance in suction biopsy of the esophagus in children.

Esophageal histological observation is the most reliable indicator of esophagitis. Biopsy specimens obtained by endoscopic grasp forceps are sometimes inadequate for histologic evaluation, and established methods for determining the location of suction biopsies have been imprecise or inconvenient. A method was developed employing manometric control to locate the site of suction biopsies performed with the Quinton multipurpose suction biopsy instrument. With the use of this technique, biopsies were performed in 40 children without failure and without complication.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1993

Histological comparison of suction capsule and endoscopic small intestinal mucosal biopsies in children.

Small intestinal biopsies are part of the routine evaluation of children with chronic diarrhea and malabsorption, and are commonly performed via suction capsule. Because this technique entails x-ray exposure, longer procedure time, and technical failures, most small intestinal biopsies in adults are currently obtained via endoscopy. Endoscopy is believed to yield morphologically inferior specimens, and, therefore, its use for obtaining small intestinal biopsies in children has remained limited. The histological adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained in 30 children by endoscopy and in 30 children by suction capsule was compared. Biopsies were assessed for quality of orientation, size (length and depth), presence of Brunner's glands and crush artifact, and for the ability to confirm or exclude a mucosal abnormality. Small intestinal biopsies obtained via endoscopy were shown to yield tissue specimens that are histologically comparable to those obtained by suction capsule, and that are equally suitable for interpretation.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1997

Standardization in photography for body contour surgery and suction-assisted lipectomy.

Despite the existence of basic clinical standards in plastic surgery, specific guidelines for body contour photography have not been detailed previously. In this report we propose standard and supplemental views for positioning of the subject for suction-assisted lipectomy and body contour surgery. Also demonstrated are specialty views for the face, where liposuction has become an integral component of the procedures. Finally, recommendations for photographic documentation of skin "textural" changes and "cellulite" improvement with liposuction, as well as regions requiring lipectomy, are discussed. A professional photographic studio and a model were utilized. Proper lighting, equipment, and backgrounds are described to achieve such standards. General principles for clinical photography are reviewed. We present standard and supplemental views for suction-assisted lipectomy and body contour surgery, with an emphasis on methods to address advanced liposuction techniques (i.e., superficial suction lipectomy) that may affect texture and contour of the skin. These techniques provide consistency for all practitioners, allowing comparison of results and techniques.

Female↗

PubMed2000

Extravasation injuries and emergency suction as treatment.

To evaluate the efficiency of emergency suction in extravasation injuries of contrast medium, records of 11 patients treated for extravasation injuries with a combination of suction and saline washout were reviewed. All of the patients were treated in the first 2 hours after injury. The mean extravasated volume was 55 cc. There were no surgery-related complications, and all the patients experienced a relief of their preoperative pain. Except for two patients with blisters at admission, none of them suffered skin or soft-tissue necrosis. Mean time to complete healing was 9 days. Emergency suction therapy is safe and effective in preventing the skin and soft-tissue necrosis associated with extravasation injuries of hyperosmolar contrast medium.

Aged↗

PubMed1980

Biochemical composition of suction blister fluid determined by high resolution multicomponent analysis (capillary gas chromatography--mass spectrometry and two-dimensional electrophoresis).

The biochemical composition of blister fluid was compared with serum and with blister fluid from erythematous lesions induced by ultraviolet irradiation. By using glass capillary gas chromatography--mass spectrometry over 100 metabolites were determined and with the aid of two-dimensional high resolution electrophoresis (the ISO-DALT system) several hundred protein spots were seen. The results show that the suction blister fluid qualitatively have a serum-like pattern but that the concentration of each compound was smaller than in serum. Also in suction blisters raised on erythematous reactions induced by ultraviolet light the same pattern was seen. The content of sodium, potassium and chloride was the same in suction blisters raised on erythematous and normal skin as that of serum.

Blister↗

PubMed1984

Evidence for a functional defect of the lamina lucida in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa demonstrated by suction blisters.

Suction blisters were raised in non-lesional skin of sixteen patients with various types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). The ultrastructural level of separation was found in each type to be within the lamina lucida of the epidermal basement membrane zone. Suction blister times were normal in EB simplex, dominant dystrophic and localized recessive dystrophic EB, but were markedly reduced in both junctional EB and severe generalized recessive dystrophic EB. These data indicate an unpredicted abnormality of adhesion within the lamina lucida in severe recessive dystrophic EB, in addition to the well-recognized defect at a deeper level, beneath the lamina densa, in this condition. The use of suction blister times may prove valuable in the diagnosis of EB.

Adhesiveness↗

PubMed1977

Continuous recording of the intraocular pressure in human and rabbit eyes with a simple applanating suction cup.

A suction cup has been devised to fit the periphery of the cornea and applanate its central part. A slow, continuous saline infusion entering through a central opening forms a disc of fluid between applanating and applanated surface in which the pressure (Pcup) is followed by a conventional transducer. The saline leaves the periphery of the cup via a hanging tube creating a suction pressure of approximately 15 mmHg, which keeps the cup on the cornea. In human cadaver eyes the relation between intraocular pressure (Po) and Pcup was Po = 0.80 X Pcup - 2.3 (mmHg), r = 0.9986. In enucleated rabbit eyes: Po = 0.94 X Pcup - 0.1 (mmHg), r = 0.9996. Thus, with appropriate calibration of the recorder, the cup functions both accurately and linearly. The relationships were virtually uninfluenced by large changes in both the rate of suction and the inflow rate of saline. When measuring on eyes of patients, the cup was atraumatic and gave an excellent dynamic response.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Left atrial pressure-clamp servomechanism demonstrates LV suction in canine hearts with normal mitral valves.

A novel technique is presented to study suction of the in situ left ventricle in open-chest experimental animals without requiring cardiopulmonary bypass or disturbing the native mitral valvular apparatus. In 17 dogs, left ventricular pressure (LVP) and left atrial pressure (LAP) were measured, the left atrium was cannulated and connected to a servo pump, and LAP was controlled to a setpoint near 0 mmHg by withdrawing blood from the left atrium. Heart rate [103 +/- 17 (SD) min-1], peak pressure (100 +/- 13 mmHg), minimum pressure (1.4 +/- 0.8 mmHg), and maximum rate of change of pressure with respect to time during isovolumic contraction and relaxation (2,506 +/- 775 and -1,761 +/- 855 mmHg/s, respectively) were normal. Servo control of LAP was possible to +/- 1 mmHg. LV suction was demonstrated in each heart (mean negative LVP -2.3 +/- 1.1 mmHg; P < 0.0001). This new technique demonstrates that the left ventricle can generate negative diastolic suction pressures when examined in vivo and in situ with an undisturbed mitral valve and physiologically normal preload and afterload. This adds to a growing body of evidence that, under appropriate circumstances, the heart can suck blood into itself and thereby aid in its own filling.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Left ventricular diastolic suction with zero left atrial pressure in open-chest dogs.

We investigated left ventricular (LV) diastolic volume changes (suction inflows) with left atrial pressure (LAP) clamped to ambient pressure in six open-chest, anesthetized dogs. The left atrium was cannulated and connected to a servo pump, and LAP was clamped to a set point near 0 mmHg for four beats by withdrawing blood. LAP averaged 5.88 +/- 1.44 mmHg before the clamp and fell to 0.74 +/- 0.61 mmHg (P < 0.0001) after the clamp. During the first clamped beat a transmitral pressure gradient of 1.0 +/- 0.6 mmHg was observed, resulting in LV filling of 2.6 +/- 1.8 ml. Subsequent beats developed suction-driven (mean negative LV pressure: -1.5 +/- 1.3 mmHg; P < 0.005 vs. zero) LV filling of 4.5 +/- 2.8 ml/beat with a peak transmitral pressure gradient of 1.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that LV suction can be an important filling mechanism under condition in which LV end-systolic volume is reduced, e.g., reduced filling pressures, high heart rates, exercise, or increased inotropic drive.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Suction-assisted one-piece self-retaining wide-angle contact lens for vitrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: We have developed a suction-assisted one-piece self-retaining wide-angle contact lens for vitrectomy. DESIGN: The wide-angle contact lens is a one-piece lens without the case, making it lightweight. The contact inferior surface is enhanced by four quadrant plate extensions. A metal housing is attached to the side of the plate extension with an opening at the inferior surface. A negative suction device is attached to the housing of the lens. METHOD OF USE: A drop of viscoelastic is placed between the lens and the cornea. Suction created by a syringe device holds the contact lens on the cornea. CONCLUSION: This specially designed lens is lightweight and eliminates the need for a skilled assistant to stabilize the contact lens. It provides a stable well-centered view of the peripheral fundus during vitreous surgery.

Contact Lenses↗

PubMed1997

Decrease in forces responsible for diastolic suction during acute coronary occlusion.

BACKGROUND: The production of left ventricular (LV) restoring forces generated during contraction, which are responsible for diastolic suction, is dependent on end-systolic volume (ESV) and systolic transmural and 3D deformation. We tested the hypothesis that acute coronary occlusion would result in loss of forces that cause suction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten open-chest dogs were subjected to a 10-minute acute coronary occlusion (proximal left anterior descending coronary artery). A servomotor connected to the left atrium (LA) was used to rapidly clamp LA pressure during systole below the level of the succeeding LV diastolic pressure, resulting in nonfilling diastoles during which the LV fully relaxed at its ESV. LA clamps at multiple ESVs (conductance catheter) allowed delineation of positive and negative portions of the fully relaxed LV pressure-volume relation (FRPVR). A negative fully relaxed pressure (FRP) indicates the presence of restoring forces. After 10 minutes of acute coronary occlusion, there was an upward shift of the FRPVR. Thus, for example, at matched ESVs before and during coronary occlusion, FRP was -1.1+/-1.1 (+/-SD) mm Hg before versus 0.2+/-1.2 mm Hg after 10 minutes of coronary occlusion (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acute coronary occlusion results in a rapid decrease in forces responsible for suction. This phenomenon is independent of the level of ESV and may contribute to ischemic diastolic dysfunction.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Low frequency oscillatory ventilation through the suction channel of a pediatric bronchoscope.

To determine whether low frequency oscillatory ventilation (LFOV) may be safely applied through the suction channel of a pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope, we devised a system using a combination of jet ventilation and constant air suction, both delivered with a single interface valve. The system was tested on an in vitro lung model and on rabbits. With tidal volumes of 12 mL, inadvertent increase in functional residual capacity (FRC) measured in the lung model was minimal. All rabbits experienced marked hypoventilation (PaCO2 62 +/- 2 torr) on introduction of the bronchoscope, which promptly improved with administration of LFOV (PaCO2 41 +/- 4 torr). That baseline FRC remained stable indicated that air trapping did not occur. We conclude that LFOV improves ventilation in rabbits during bronchoscopy without causing air trapping. A similar system might be applied during bronchoscopy in full-term and premature infants, thus facilitating safer and more complete visualization of their airways and preserving the possibility of obtaining samples by suction.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Morphology predicts suction feeding performance in centrarchid fishes.

Suction feeding fish differ in their capacity to generate subambient pressure while feeding, and these differences appear to relate to morphological variation. We developed a morphological model of force transmission in the fish head and parameterized it with measurements from individual fish. The model was applied to 45 individuals from five species of centrarchid fishes: Lepomis macrochirus, Lepomis punctatus, Lepomis microlophus, Micropterus salmoides and Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Measurements of epaxial cross-sectional area, epaxial moment arm, buccal area and buccal area moment arm were combined to estimate pressure generation capacity for individual fish. This estimation was correlated with pressure measured in fish feeding on elusive prey to test the model's ability to predict pressure generation from morphology. The model explained differences in pressure generation found among individuals (P<0.001, r2=0.71) and produced a realistic estimate of normalized muscle stress during suction feeding (68.5+/-6.7 kPa). Fish with smaller mouths, larger epaxial cross-sectional area and longer epaxial moments, such as L. macrochirus (bluegill sunfish), generated lower pressures than fish with larger mouths, smaller cross-sectional area and shorter moments, such as M. salmoides (largemouth bass). These results reveal a direct trade-off between morphological requirements of feeding on larger prey (larger mouth size relative to body depth) and the ability to generate subambient pressure while suction feeding on elusive prey.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Feeding kinematics of Kogia and Tursiops (Odontoceti: Cetacea): characterization of suction and ram feeding.

The feeding kinematics of dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Kogia sima and K. breviceps) and bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus were characterized and compared incorporating the Ram-Suction Index (RSI). Mean RSI data support a suction feeding strategy for Kogia (-0.67+/-0.29; mean +/- s.d.) and a ram feeding strategy for Tursiops (0.94+/-0.11; mean +/- s.d.). Tursiops displayed two ram-based feeding behaviours: open gape approach, where gape was at least 50% of maximum in the first video field, and closed gape approach, where gape increased near food items. Four feeding phases were identified in both odontocetes: preparatory, jaw opening, gular depression and jaw closing. The mean Kogia feeding cycle duration (470+/-139 ms) was significantly shorter (P<0.003) than all Tursiops groups (pooled: 863+/-337 ms; open gape approach: 1211+/-207 ms; closed gape approach: 662+/-207 ms). Kogia mean maximum gape angle (39.8+/-18.9 degrees), mean maximum opening and closing gape angle velocities (293+/-261 deg. s(-1) and 223+/-121 deg. s(-1), respectively) were significantly greater (P<0.005) than pooled Tursiops mean maximum gape angle (24.8+/-6.6 degrees), mean maximum opening and closing gape angle velocities (84+/-56 deg. s(-1) and 120+/-54 deg. s(-1), respectively). Negative Kogia RSI values were correlated with increasing maximum gular depression and retraction, wide gape angle, and rapid opening gape angle velocity. Kinematic data support functional hypotheses that odontocetes generate suction by rapid depression of the hyoid and tongue.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2006

Multidimensional analysis of suction feeding performance in fishes: fluid speed, acceleration, strike accuracy and the ingested volume of water.

Suction feeding fish draw prey into the mouth using a flow field that they generate external to the head. In this paper we present a multidimensional perspective on suction feeding performance that we illustrate in a comparative analysis of suction feeding ability in two members of Centrarchidae, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). We present the first direct measurements of maximum fluid speed capacity, and we use this to calculate local fluid acceleration and volumetric flow rate. We also calculated the ingested volume and a novel metric of strike accuracy. In addition, we quantified for each species the effects of gape magnitude, time to peak gape, and swimming speed on features of the ingested volume of water. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and high-speed video were used to measure the flow in front of the mouths of three fish from each species in conjunction with a vertical laser sheet positioned on the mid-sagittal plane of the fish. From this we quantified the maximum fluid speed (in the earthbound and fish's frame of reference), acceleration and ingested volume. Our method for determining strike accuracy involved quantifying the location of the prey relative to the center of the parcel of ingested water. Bluegill sunfish generated higher fluid speeds in the earthbound frame of reference, accelerated the fluid faster, and were more accurate than largemouth bass. However, largemouth bass ingested a larger volume of water and generated a higher volumetric flow rate than bluegill sunfish. In addition, because largemouth bass swam faster during prey capture, they generated higher fluid speeds in the fish's frame of reference. Thus, while bluegill can exert higher drag forces on stationary prey items, largemouth bass more quickly close the distance between themselves and prey. The ingested volume and volumetric flow rate significantly increased as gape increased for both species, while time to peak gape had little effect on the volume. However, peak gape distance did not affect the maximum fluid speed entering the mouth for either species. We suggest that species that generate high fluid speeds in the earthbound frame of reference will commonly exhibit small mouths and a high capacity to deliver force to buccal expansion, while species that ingest a large volume of water and generate high volumetric flow rates will have larger buccal cavities and cranial expansion linkage systems that favor displacement over force delivery.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Left ventricular diastolic suction as a mechanism of ventricular filling.

Physiological role of "suction" in diastolic ventricular filling is still controversial. In order to determine whether the beating intact heart induces negative left ventricular (LV) pressure, indicative of LV suction when the ventricular filling is prevented, we transiently prevented LV filling by occluding the mitral orifice in open chest dogs. In more than 80% of all runs with various hemodynamic conditions the minimal diastolic LV pressure (LVPmin) decreased below zero immediately after the mitral valve occlusion and remained negative throughout diastole. The negativity was augmented with a decrease in end-systolic volume and an increase in inotropic state. The diastolic pressure-volume relationships of the non-filling beating ventricle in control condition and high inotropic state (Ca++ infusion) demonstrated that LVPmin correlated with LV volume and intropic state. These results indicate that the negative diastolic LV pressure is augmented by a decrease in end-systolic volume and by an increase in contractility and thus, LV suction may play an important role in LV diastolic filling.

Animals↗