Another try. West Suburban set to merge with Chicago system.
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Catholicism↗
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Results for “Suburbanization”
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The species composition and seasonal distribution of mosquitoes in vernal pools in suburban Montreal, Quebec.
A study was conducted in the spring and summer of 1998 to determine the invertebrate community in vernal pools on the western portion of the Island of Montreal. This paper examines the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) found in 10 pools. Fifteen species in 4 genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Ochlerotatus) were collected and the seasonal distribution of each species was determined. Ochlerotatus stimulans was the most abundant species. Two peaks occurred in larval abundance, in late April and early July. Larvae were more abundant in the spring; larval density was higher later in the summer. The abundance of mosquitoes in these pools was similar to those found in remote regions of the province.
Aedes↗
Greywater treatment by constructed wetlands in combination with TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation for suburban and rural areas without sewer system.
In this study greywater treatment through constructed wetlands and subsequently through TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation was investigated. Through constructed wetlands treatment the organic substances have been reduced greatly. For further removal of organic substances and pathogens, a TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation process was used subsequently. The results showed that the treated greywater through constructed wetlands and subsequent through TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation with short irradiation time (3 hours irradiation time) met the requirements of European bathing water quality easily. Therefore, the greywater treated with the processes combination can directly be reused for non-potable purposes. Moreover, since residual organic substances through TiO2-based photocatalytic oxidation with long irradiation time can be eliminated almost totally, it is also possible that treated greywater is used for groundwater recharge as a drinking water resource.
Biodegradation, Environmental↗
Prevalence of caries in Chicago suburban school children (7 to 14 years of age).
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Chicago↗
[Structure and basic trends in the development of mass suburban recreation for the population of Baku].
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Azerbaijan↗
Research report: Frequencies of mica gene polymorphism: a comparison between Indonesians on Bacan Island and suburban Japanese.
MHC class I chain related gene A (MICA) is located near the HLA-B gene on the short arm of human chromosome 6. In the transmembrane (TM) of region of MICA, there is a trinucleotide repeat (GCT/AGC) microsatellite polymorphism in exon 5. Five alleles with 4, 5, 6 and 9 repetitions or 5 repetitions with 1 additional nucleotide insertion (GGCT) are identified and they were named A4, A5, A5.1, A6, and A9 respectively. We report the allele frequencies of 127 Indonesians on Bacan Island and 250 Japanese in the Kanto area. From the genotyping result, the frequency among Indonesians was as follows: A4 15.4%, A5 26.0%, A5.1 16.5%, A6 5.5%, and A9 36.6%. The frequency among Japanese was as follows: A4 20.6%, A5 28.1%, A5.1 10.8%, A6 27.2%, and A9 13.2%. Allele 9 is significantly increased and allele 6 significantly decreased in Indonesians compared with Japanese subjects. The results suggested that MICA microsatellite polymorphism are quite different in each race. Among Indonesians, the frequency of MICA-A9 allele, which was reported to be negatively associated with Behçet's disease, was significantly higher, whereas the MICA-A6 allele frequency, which was reported to be positively associated with Behçet's disease, was significantly lower among Japanese.
Asian People↗
[Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding glaucoma in the urban and suburban population of Lomé (Togo)].
PURPOSE: One of the main constraints in the prevention of blindness is the lack of awareness of people regarding eye diseases. This study was undertaken to determine the level of knowledge, the attitudes and practices regarding glaucoma in the population of Lomé. METHODS: An interview using a questionnaire was conducted among an opportunistic sample of 767 people living in the capital city of Lomé and in some of its suburbs. The interview targeted people aged 20 to 65 years; the questions were either closed or open. The interviews were conducted either in French or in the local languages where needed and in the latter case with the help of a translator. Variables measured included education status, e.g., schooling years, economic status and professional situation. RESULTS: The knowledge of eye diseases accounted for 84% among the population studied; the most well-known being myopia, cataract, presbyopia, and glaucoma in decreasing order. Glaucoma was known by 228 people (29.7%) among whom 25% were aware of glaucoma blindness cases; 61.5% declared that glaucoma was a serious condition; 4.4% admitted the use of traditional eye-healers; 56.1% were not confident in the local doctors for the treatment of glaucoma. CONCLUSION: The high proportion of people who are not confident in the capabilities of national doctors to efficiently treat glaucoma is worrying. This situation requires the set up of a rational national strategic action plan (e.g., health education) aimed at reducing the burden of glaucoma blindness in the country.
Adult↗
Major limb amputations: an audit of indications in a suburban surgical practice.
BACKGROUND: Advancements in vascular and microsurgery in developed countries have led to fewer major limb amputations. AIM: This audit of major limb amputations performed at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria, between June 1998 and May 2003, was conducted to find out the indications for amputation and highlight those cases that could be salvageable. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Case notes of all patients who had major limb amputations were examined for patients' age, sex, time of presentation, limb affected, indications for amputation, the severity of crush injury to limb, stage of musculoskeletal tumors and Wagner's grade of diabetic foot. RESULTS: A total of 71 limbs were amputated in 69 patients; 56 limbs (78.1%) were unsalvageable, while 15 limbs (21.1%) were salvageable. Trauma accounted for 76% followed by 22% performed due to gangrene secondary to diabetes mellitus. Out of the 56 unsalvageable limbs, 31 patients presented with severely crushed limbs. Out of the 15 salvageable limbs, there were 11 cases of clean-cut traumatic amputations, two of soft-tissue sarcoma and one each of ruptured popliteal aneurysm and stenosed popliteal artery. CONCLUSION: Trauma and diabetes mellitus were leading indications for amputation. Expertise in limb salvage procedures and availability of appropriate equipment may reduce the numbers of amputations performed.
Adult↗
[Urban malaria in Yaounde (Cameroon). 2. Entomologic study in 2 suburban districts].
A one year entomological survey was carried out to precise the malaria vectors and the malaria transmission in Yaounde, the Cameroon capital (800,000 inhabitants). The study was done in two districts not yet fully urbanized: Nkol Bikok and Nkol Bisson. The latter is located at the periphery and has a pool. Anopheles gambiae was the only human malaria vector. Its agressivity for man depended on the urbanization of the district. Annual man biting rate was 284 in Nkol Bikok and 1,813 in Nkol Bisson. The densities were maximum in May-June and in October-November, corresponding to the end of the short and long rainy seasons. The presence of A. gambiae was permanent except in August-September in Nkol Bikok. In Nkol Bisson the density was higher in the houses near the pool. The yearly inoculation rate (h) was 14 in Nkol Bikok and 30 in Nkol Bisson. The vectorial transmission was observed in may in Nkol Bikok and during four months (June, August, January, February) in Nkol Bisson. These entomological data showed clearly that malaria transmission actually occurred in Yaounde and that the probability to receive at least one infected anopheline bite per year was very near to 1 for inhabitants unprotected against mosquito bites.
Animals↗
Antibody detection against Borrelia burgdorferi in horses located in the suburban areas of Monterrey, Nuevo León.
The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in horses from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Blood serum was obtained from a total of 100 horses residing at different counties in the area. From each animal data was obtained on age, sex, county of residence, presence of ectoparasites and clinical signs. All sera samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluoresence and the sera that resulted positive to this test was analyzed by Western blot. The serological test yielded 34 positive sera at 1:64 dilution, and from them 6 were positive at 1:128 dilution, 3 at 1:256, and only one at 1:512. Confirmation of the infection by Western blot was obtained only in the sample positive at the 1:512 dilution. These results shown a low frequency of seropositivity to B. burgdorferi of the horses in the area, confirming previous studies indicating that in northeast Mexico Lyme disease is present in different animal species.
Animals↗
[Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in a suburban hospital: assessment of eleven years' experience].
Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the commonest endocrine diseases in infancy; the diagnosis is delayed it can lead to mental impairment. Since a precocious diagnosis, based on clinical symptoms and signs, is often difficult, screening at birth is very useful. Substitute L-T4 therapy presents some problems as it is impossible to assess the right dose before. The results of an eleven years long screening in a peripheral hospital are reported: 6408 babies were examined and congenital hypothyroidism was present in three cases, depending respectively on agenesia, ectopia and hypoplasia of the thyroid gland.
Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
Prevalence of dental caries in school children from a suburban area in Tripoli, Libya.
Seven hundred and twenty school children of primary school grades 5 and 6 in Hadba Sargia area in Tripoli were examined for dental caries. The mean DMFT index for the whole sample of children was 1.58. The DT component comprised 1.34 and MT component 0.21 of DMFT score, which made 42.22% and 13.33% of total children sample, respectively. The amount FT component was 0.03 (1.39%) of all children with DMFT examined. The number of children with at least one DMFT score was 410 (56.94%) of the total study sample. In children with poor oral hygiene, DMFT score was significantly higher (1.91) than in those with good oral hygiene (0.85) (P less than 0.01). Children whose mothers had low education exhibited a higher total DMFT score (1.85) than those whose mothers had high education (1.16).
Adolescent↗
[Effect of road traffic noise on sleep. A paired comparison between sleep polygraphic parameters recorded in a noisy apartment along a road with heavy traffic and those recorded in a quiet suburban house].
Effects of road traffic noise on sleep were studied comparing 15 sleep polygraphic parameters and 6 subjective sleep complaints in a noisy apartment with those in a quiet house. Subjects were 8 persons (5 young men aged 19-38, one woman aged 65 and 2 men aged 66) and were studied for 76 nights. The average equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. was 46.67 dB (A) in the noisy apartment's bedroom compared to 27.72 dB(A) in the bedroom of the quiet house. Of the 15 parameters, proportion of REM sleep for the younger subjects was significantly less (p = 0.0046, paired t-test) in the apartment compared to the quiet house. No significant difference was seen in the remaining 14 parameters between the apartment and the house. Of the 6 subjective sleep complaints, "awakened early in the morning," was significantly less for young subjects (p = 0.031, Two-tailed sign test) in the apartment than in the house. There was no significant difference seen for the older subjects in the 6 subjective sleep complaints and 15 sleep polygraphic parameters between the two places. It appears that a small difference in the effect of road traffic noise on sleep between young and old may exist.
Adult↗
Scrub typhus in suburban Bangkok: first cases.
Three patients, two of whom had eschars, were admitted with fulminant febrile disease suggestive of scrub typhus. Elevated IgG and IgM to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were detected in all three by IFA. The cases lived in widely separated areas of western Bangkok where fruit trees are grown and claimed not to have left the areas of their homes during the estimated incubation periods. A field survey collected rodents, treeshrews, and mites fro around the homes of each case. R. tsutsugamushi was isolated from one rat and known vector species of mites were found. These are the first confirmed cases of scrub typhus transmission in Metropolitan Bangkok. It is suggested that typhus incidence around Bangkok may be substantial but has been unreported because of widespread self-medication with antibiotics and the difficulties of laboratory diagnosis.
Adult↗
[Socio-ethnology and role of the dog in the Pikine district (suburban zone of Dakar - Senegal)].
During a mass campaign in 1987, the authors vaccinated about 500 dogs in the Pikine district. The dogs were kept for security reasons. Religion was not a limiting factor to dog ownership, but ethnic influences meant that those from Casamance (Manjaks, Diolas,. . . )--although a minority meant that among the population--bred more dogs than the Wolof majority. Most of the dog population is of local and young (average age 29 months). Males are preferred over females. The dogs belong to youths or adolescents who are without means and can neither feed the dogs correctly nor look after them when they fall sick. This individual poverty explains why the dogs are not vaccinated and why they scavenge for survival, thus contacting permanent strays, walking real reservoirs of rabies virus! The affection felt by young people for dogs makes them choice targets for transmission of the virus to man.
Animals↗
Age at death: a three hospital urban, suburban, and small town study.
Comparison of the ages of patients dying at three interrelated St. Louis hospitals in 1988 has been used to study the results of similar high-quality acute hospital care when provided to dissimilar populations. The data presented by the authors leads them to conclude that in this era of mounting health costs, we have not, at least as recently as 1988, realized that an ounce of prevention if worth a pound of cure.
Adult↗
Pediatric problems in a suburban shelter for homeless families.
The experience of an affiliation between a hospital-based clinic and a family shelter is presented. The medical implications of family shelter residence include special issues related to the spread of infectious diseases, particularly to the neonate. Preentry medical evaluation revealed that a large proportion of children and their parents had one or more medical problems. Of 67 children screened before entrance, 13% [corrected] had Giardia lamblia detected in the stool. In addition to carriage of enteric pathogens, the range of pediatric problems encountered included a variety of acute and chronic medical conditions, unmet primary care needs, and developmental and school difficulties. Fifty-eight percent of shelter residents were found to be "medically homeless." Formal liaison between a hospital-based clinic and a family shelter was found to be an effective way to promote a healthy environment in the family shelter and to provide needed medical services to shelter families.
Adolescent↗
Recent trends of blood usage in a suburban general hospital.
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Blood Transfusion↗