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PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of return on investment of workplace education: an annotated list of references.

In the context of downsizing and with the decline of revenue in healthcare organizations, educators recognize the need to develop strategies to measure the subsidy of staff development programs to the organization's welfare. An annotated reference list is provided to assist educators who have little time for an extensive literature review with a place to begin development of a plan to measure return on investment.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1980

A clinical model for use in mental health centres.

The model presented is an attempt to provide a way of viewing and organizing the clinical process. Major factors involved in the process, ranging from the common characteristics of the setting to basic treatment guidelines, are identified. Although the original purpose of the model was to provide order and direction for those directing inpatient units, it can, with minor modifications, be used in a variety of settings by various professionals. For example, it has been used for staff development purposes in educational and mental health facilities. The model is not intended to be a delineation to the nth detail but is to be suggestive. It is sufficiently flexible to accomodate different theoretical approaches and thus serve as the basis for ongoing staff development and direction. How the model is specifically used and/or adapted is left to the reader's discretion, although some suggestions for its use will be presented.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Student contributions to clinical agencies: a comparison of adult health and psychiatric staff nurses' perceptions.

Clinical rotations in acute medical and psychiatric inpatient facilities are an essential component of the education for undergraduate nursing students. The benefits students receive from these clinical experiences have been documented, but no data have been reported regarding the advantages that students may bring to agencies. This exploratory study, which used a mail-back survey, asked adult health/medical-surgical nurses and mental health/psychiatric nurses in acute care units about the effects undergraduate nursing students had on staff time, staff development, quality of care, staff's personal satisfaction, and unit standards and practices during their clinical rotations. Results indicated that students contribute to the personal and professional satisfaction of the staff by offering opportunities for mentoring and reciprocal learning and allowing nurses to participate in students' professional development. Students also contribute to patient care.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research on the frontlines of healthcare: a cooperative learning approach.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice is a common goal in hospitals, but learning about research so that the practice can be done is often challenging for clinicians. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to (a) develop a process that supports organizational and staff development while conducting research and (b) conduct a research study in the emergency department (ED) to examine patient population, satisfaction, and waiting room issues. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team of clinicians and scientists was assembled to learn and do research while evaluating the ED waiting room of a Level I trauma center. A cooperative learning method approach was used to teach research concepts as the study was designed and implemented. RESULTS: The team demonstrated their knowledge and understanding of research concepts by being involved actively in the creation and implementation of the preintervention study. Using information from photographs, observations, and a questionnaire, the team identified the following key dissatisfaction areas: (a) atmosphere (including comfort with environment, neatness and cleanliness, and noise), (b) telephones, (c) parking and thoroughfare, (d) professional behavior and staff presence (including personal attention), (e) security, and (f) triage and confidentiality. DISCUSSION: The model of working in partnership with researchers and using cooperative, collaborative research is an effective way to evaluate and address issues related to quality of care while learning about the research concepts needed to put evidence into practice.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1989

Innocents abused. A pediatric hospital forms a team to care for sexually maltreated children.

From its earliest days, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital in St. Louis has been a protector of and advocate for abused children. As "battered child syndrome" began to emerge as a social and medical problem, the staff developed a child abuse protocol to improve the management of "nonaccidental" injuries to children. By 1982 the number of children brought in to the emergency room with sexual abuse complaints was averaging more than 250 a year. Some complaints did not warrant emergency priority. These were cases in which the last sexual abuse incident had occurred days, weeks, months, or years earlier. In March 1983 the hospital established the Special Assessment and Management (SAM) Clinic with a part-time staff that met with patients two mornings a week. Since it opened, the clinic has evaluated and followed up on more than 4,000 patients. The growth of the SAM Clinic meant the hospital had to develop clinical services for the increasing patient load and develop staff as specialists in a field that was itself evolving. Cardial Glennon became the first hospital in the St. Louis area to videotape patient interviews and use the colposcope in medical examinations. The hospital also pioneered the use of anatomically correct dolls when interviewing patients.

Catholicism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The caregiver's careshop. A renewal experience for nursing staff.

What are some creative methodologies that staff development educators can use to nurture nursing staff while promoting caring and compassionate behaviors? The authors describe an innovative process used during a 1-day workshop designed to convey caring to nursing staff through a variety of experiences. The overall goal of the session is to provide caregivers with a variety of new "tools" to care for themselves as they deal with multiple stressors in their personal and professional lives.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1998

School nurses' perceptions of parental involvement in school health. Results of a statewide study.

The purpose of this study was to determine how school nurses attempt to involve parents of seventh graders in school health programs, identify nurses' perceptions of barriers to parental involvement, and identify related staff development needs. A questionnaire was sent to the school nurse in each school in Indiana that had a seventh grade (n = 447); 279 questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 63%. Most respondents worked in situations without written policies for parental involvement. A minority of school nurses reported receiving input from parents through advisory committees or parent surveys. The most common involvement activities were related to providing parents with information about the school health program. Less than half of the respondents reported offering health education through activities such as parent health education classes, health fairs, health education resource centers, or health newsletters. Lack of time was identified as the major barrier faced by school nurses. Several staff development needs were identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meeting the challenge of mandatory continuing education.

A state's decision to institute mandatory continuing education has ramifications for individuals involved in staff development and inservice education. In collaboration with the University of Delaware College of Nursing along with the Medical Center of Delaware, the Delaware Nurses' Association in 1990 assessed the continuing education needs and interests of a convenience sample of 547 registered nurse Delaware Nurses' Association members. Analysis of the data revealed a variety of interests within practice, education, administration, and research. The most preferred method of acquiring continuing education was attendance at a live conference, with part-day morning programs favored by a majority of the sample. Consequently, staff development and inservice educators are challenged with meeting the needs of the organization and the individual employee in an era of diminishing resources.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An integrated approach to curriculum development.

This paper explores some aspects of what is meant by integration in a nursing curriculum, by looking at both integration of course content and subject matter, and a consequent move away from separated academic disciplines towards a thematic approach, and at integration of the student group, so that different groups of nurse learners study and learn together for a certain proportion of the programme. We consider reasons for adopting an integrated approach by discussion: issues related to learners and the learning context (these include theories of how adults learn and our perspective on the part to be played by experiential learning); the potential implications for client/patient care and the need for transferable skills to work as a member of a team; and staff development for the teachers, including moves away from possible isolation towards team-teaching. We then go on to describe a model for curriculum development devised in our own institution and based on these principles, which incorporates the development of learners professionally, educationally and personally. This paper discusses the topic from a mainly theoretical perspective, and many of the issues will be relevant to a wide range of courses.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School physical education: effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a risk behavior for cardiovascular and other diseases. Schools can promote public health objectives by increasing physical activity among youth. METHODS: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) was a multicenter, randomized trial to test the effectiveness of a cardiovascular health promotion program in 96 public schools in four states. A major component of CATCH was an innovative, health-related physical education (P+) program. For 2.5 years, randomly assigned schools received a standardized PE intervention, including curriculum, staff development, and follow-up. RESULTS: Systematic analysis of 2,096 PE lessons indicated students engaged in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in intervention than in control schools (P = 0.002). MVPA during lessons in intervention schools increased from 37.4% at baseline to 51.9%, thereby meeting the established Year 2000 objective of 50%. Intervention children reported 12 more min of daily vigorous physical activity (P = 0.003) and ran 18.6 yards more than control children on a 9-min run test of fitness (P = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a standardized curriculum and staff development program increased children's MVPA in existing school PE classes in four geographic and ethnically diverse communities. CATCH PE provides a tested model for improving physical education in American schools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Increasing teacher receptivity toward use of tobacco prevention education programs.

An empirical examination of teacher receptivity to and practice of tobacco prevention education provides the foundation for comprehensive staff development to increase diffusion of drug prevention education curricula. Randomly-selected first grade Texas teachers (n = 313) were asked to complete a questionnaire during the first and second years of the Smoke-Free Class of 2000 (SFC2000) project. Initially 64 percent of recipients used materials. However, two of every five first-year users did not maintain use one year later, and many who intended use never implemented. Principal components analysis of fourteen items pertaining to receptivity resulted in four scales with acceptable reliability scores: general receptivity to tobacco prevention education, personal support for teaching tobacco prevention education, personal involvement, and school involvement in tobacco prevention. Scales were predictive of initial and continued use and provide a teacher receptivity measure to guide staff development.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[How to improve assisted reproductive techniques results? Biological aspects].

In spite of recent improvements in IVF, pregnancy rates remained dramatically low. Better criteria are therefore necessary to establish the viability of a transferable top quality embryo. Observation of both pronuclei patterns at the zygote stage and early cleavage appears to offer an additional prognostic tool, correlating with chromosomal status and IVF outcome. Developmental ability and morphological evaluation of the embryo on days 2-3 remains the most used and valid method of selection, even though it is not sufficient to select embryos with the higher implantation potential. Blastocyst culture is another possible strategy for selecting the ideal embryo with theoretical, reduced risk of aneuploidies, though not all major chromosomal aberrations are excluded by prolonged in-vitro-culture. Concerning micro-manipulation of embryo such as hatching or cleaning or cytoplasm transfer, only controversial data are still available. In the field of ART, recent meta-analysis could not conclude to a positive effect concerning hatching, blastocyst culture or systematic PGD-AS (preimplantation genetic diagnosis with aneuploidy screening). Beside the technological aspect, Quality Management System is of great importance. Staff development and monitoring of staff performance in the IVF laboratory has to be considered in the next future.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed2002

The clinical learning environment and supervision by staff nurses: developing the instrument.

The aims of this study were (1) to describe students' perceptions of the clinical learning environment and clinical supervision and (2) to develop an evaluation scale by using the empirical results of this study. The data were collected using the Clinical Learning Environment and Supervision instrument (CLES). The instrument was based on the literature review of earlier studies. The derived instrument was tested empirically in a study involving nurse students (N=416) from four nursing colleges in Finland. The results demonstrated that the method of supervision, the number of separate supervision sessions and the psychological content of supervisory contact within a positive ward atmosphere are the most important variables in the students' clinical learning. The results also suggest that ward managers can create the conditions of a positive ward culture and a positive attitude towards students and their learning needs. The construct validity of the instrument was analysed by using exploratory factor analysis. The analysis indicated that the most important factor in the students' clinical learning is the supervisory relationship. The two most important factors constituting a 'good' clinical learning environment are the management style of the ward manager and the premises of nursing on the ward. The results of the factor analysis support the theoretical construction of the clinical learning environment modelled by earlier empirical studies.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of the critical care assistant role within an acute NHS Trust Critical Care Unit.

This study provides an evaluation of a training programme designed for developing six critical care assistants to work alongside registered nurses to care for patients within the critical care environment. The programme was run as a pilot funded from the Department of Health's 'critical care bid'. At 18 months long, the programme incorporated a foundation programme, and National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) level 3 in care and adapted Operating Department Practitioner (ODP) NVQ units. Six critical care assistants successfully completed the programme; however, they all then left the unit to undertake further study for pre-registration nursing qualifications. Upon evaluation, a number of key issues were identified. Clear definition of the critical care assistants's role is essential as are dedicated practice development staff, who focus purely on developing the critical care assistant role. More importantly, however, with such key changes in the staffing structure within critical care units, appropriate change management techniques should be employed, ensuring that all staff contributing to the training and development are fully involved from the start.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: development of the Job Satisfaction Survey.

The development of the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), a nine-subscale measure of employee job satisfaction applicable specifically to human service, public, and nonprofit sector organizations, is described. The item selection, item analysis, and determination of the final 36-item scale are also described, and data on reliability and validity and the instrument's norms are summarized. Included are a multitrait-multimethod analysis of the JSS and the Job Descriptive Index (JDI), factor analysis of the JSS, and scale intercorrelations. Correlation of JSS scores with criteria of employee perceptions and behaviors for multiple samples were consistent with findings involving other satisfaction scales and with findings from the private sector. The strongest correlations were with perceptions of the job and supervisor, intention of quitting, and organizational commitment. More modest correlations were found with salary, age, level, absenteeism, and turnover.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed2005

'Making it better': self-perceived roles of family caregivers of older people living in care homes: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: With growing numbers of frail older people making the move to a care home, family carers are increasingly finding themselves in the position of assisting with this transition and establishing a new caring role within this context. However, the nature of the family caregiving role within the care home setting is poorly understood. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This paper draws on data from a study, which sought to better understand the experience of nursing home placement from the viewpoint of relatives. The focus here is on the self-perceived contribution of family carers to life within the home. METHODS: A constructivist methodology was used. Data were collected in 37 semi-structured interviews involving 48 people who had assisted a close relative to move into a care home. FINDINGS: Data analysis revealed three phases to the transition from the relatives' perspective. This paper reports on the findings which relate to the final phase: 'making it better', which documents experiences of establishing a new caregiving role within the care home. Relatives described three main aspects to their role: maintaining continuity, which involves helping the older person to maintain their sense of identity through the continuation of loving family relationships and through helping staff to get to know the resident as an individual; keeping an eye, by monitoring the care received, providing feedback to staff and filling any gaps, and contributing to community through interacting with other residents, relatives and staff, taking part in social events and generally providing a link with the outside world. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings suggest that the potential contribution of relatives to promoting the well-being of both residents and staff is under-developed. Staff in care homes should seek to identify the role that relatives would like to perform and support them to achieve this.

Adaptation, Psychological↗