One-stage versus two-stage treatment: are two really necessary?
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Age Factors↗
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Enigma of Class II molar finishing.
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Bicuspid↗
The stability of facial advancement surgery (in the management of combined mid and lower dento-facial deficiency).
The short-term (6 weeks postoperative) and long-term (12 months postoperative) skeletal stability of combined maxillary and mandibular advancement was evaluated by cephalometric analysis in 15 patients. The mean horizontal advancement of the maxilla was 5.84 mm. 6 weeks later a mean relapse of 0.03 mm (0.5%) was identified. The mean relapse at long-term follow-up was 0.59 mm (10.1%). The mean horizontal advancement of the mandible was 12.35 mm at menton and 12.65 mm at pogonion. At 6 weeks, mean horizontal relapse, respectively at the above landmarks, was 0.11 mm and 0.21 mm (1.3%). The mean relapse at long-term follow-up was respectively 2.19 mm and 1.98 mm (16.9%). Subjectively and objectively improvements were seen in facial aesthetics and dental occlusion. The results indicated that rigid fixation of osteotomies undertaken to correct 'horizontal facial deficiency' is a surgically predictable and relatively stable procedure when reviewed up to 12 months after surgery.
Adolescent↗
Interceptive orthodontics in general dental practice. Part 2--The treatment of crowding.
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Adolescent↗
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is a reliable assay for detecting leukemic colonies generated by chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.
Single-colony karyotyping (SCK) and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are two increasingly used techniques for the quantification of leukemic colonies generated by chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell fractions purged or selected in vitro. Recently, the existence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome positive progenitors with a silent BCR-ABL gene has been reported, thus raising concerns on the use of RT-PCR for detecting BCR-ABL positive progenitors. In order to investigate this issue further, colonies (n = 204) generated by mononuclear (MNC) or CD34+ CML cells were individually harvested, divided into two aliquots and analyzed both at the cytogenetic level to detect the Ph chromosome, and the molecular level to detect BCR-ABL transcripts. The mean (+/- s.d.) percentages of colonies analyzable by either SCK or RT-PCR were 74 +/- 16% and 86 +/- 16%, respectively. A significant percentage of colonies (67 +/- 19%) could be successfully analyzed by both SCK and RT-PCR. Although the majority of these colonies (97 +/- 5%) were Ph-positive and BCR-ABL-positive, a negligible percentage (4%) of progenitors were Ph-positive but BCR-ABL-negative. In order to test the influence of colony size on the outcome of molecular analysis, the efficiency of our RT-PCR assay in detecting BCR-ABL transcripts was investigated by means of experiments in which the number of cells used to start RNA extraction was serially reduced. These experiments showed that at least 150 cells were necessary to achieve a reproducible amplification of BCR-ABL transcripts. By correlating the size of harvested colonies with the outcome of molecular analysis, it was evident that BCR-ABL-negative but Ph-positive colonies represented false negative results occurring when a number of leukemic cells below the detection limit of our RT-PCR assay was analyzed. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that individual CML colonies grown in semisolid culture assays can be indifferently analyzed by SCK or RT-PCR, and support an extensive use of a carefully standardized RT-PCR assay to estimate the leukemic burden within samples which have been purged and selected in vitro.
Adult↗
The significance of cephalometrics in treatment planning.
Twenty-four orthodontists were asked to provide a treatment plan for a series of six cases of malocclusion. In certain types of cases there was high or total agreement on treatment planning whether or not a cephalometric radiograph and analysis was available. In view of these findings, it may be appropriate for orthodontists to reassess their routine use of cephalograms.
Cephalometry↗
Myocentric. A clinical appraisal.
A clinical assessment of neuromuscular occlusal positioning with the Myo-monitor in 63 orthodontic patients.
Cephalometry↗
Second molar germectomy and third molar eruption. 11 cases of lower second molar enucleation.
Eleven cases followed from enucleation of the unerupted lower second molars through third molar eruption. While results were generally good, three presented third molar malpositions requiring further treatment.
Adolescent↗
Class II, division 2 treatment and mandibular growth.
A statistical evaluation of relationships between orthodontic treatment of Class II, Division 2 malocclusion and mandibular growth and position, finding significant positive effects of treatment.
Adolescent↗
Vertical changes in high mandibular plane cases following enucleation of second premolars.
The records of 23 patients who underwent mandibular second premolar enucleation in the early mixed dentition were studied. The patients were selected at random from a group which had mandibular plane angles in excess of 38 degrees to SN and had not worn headgear prior to mechanical orthodontic therapy. Pre- and posttreatment measurements were compared to measurements made in an earlier study by Isaacson et al. and a significant decrease in lower anterior face height was found.
Adolescent↗
Case report: three typical cases of glossectomy.
Glossectomy, or tongue reduction, is not commonly performed in Japan even though the proportion of patients with Class III skeletal pattern is higher among Japanese people than among Caucasians. The case reports on the ensuing pages follow three patients--one adult with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, another adult with Class III malocclusion, and a 10-year-old with Class III malocclusion and posterior crossbite--through treatment which included tongue reduction.
Adult↗
Posttreatment changes in different facial types.
The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the changes occurring during and after orthodontic treatment in three facial types: short, average and long. Sixty-six subjects with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion were evaluated. All cases were treated nonextraction, using a fixed edgewise appliance and extraoral forces. The lateral cephalogram and dental casts for each patient were measured at three different stages: pretreatment, immediately after appliance removal and at least two years posttreatment. There was a wide range of individual variation in posttreatment change for the various skeletal and dental parameters measured. With few exceptions, the three facial types did not show significant differences in posttreatment change. The relative protrusion of maxillary incisor tip (U1:A-Pog) tended to increase after treatment in the long face type while it tended to decrease in the short face type. Long face females, when compared with all other groups, showed greater posttreatment incremental increase in anterior face height as well as the greatest posttreatment decrease in maxillary arch length. Males expressed greater posttreatment incremental increases in the various linear measurements of face height than females. Differences in posttreatment change for the different facial types do not require special retention consideration.
Adolescent↗
Enamel thickness of the posterior dentition: its implications for nonextraction treatment.
This study describes mesial and distal enamel thickness of the permanent posterior mandibular dentition. The sample comprised 98 Caucasian adults (59 males, 39 females) 20 to 35 years old. Bitewing radiographs of the right permanent mandibular premolars and first and second molars were illuminated and transferred to a computer at a fixed magnification via a video camera. Enamel and dentin thicknesses were identified and digitized on the plane representing the maximum mesiodistal diameter of each tooth. The results showed that there were no significant sex differences in either mesial or distal enamel thickness. Enamel on the second molars was significantly thicker (0.3 to 0.4 mm) than enamel on the premolars. Distal enamel was significantly thicker than mesial enamel. There was approximately 10 mm of total enamel on the four teeth combined. Assuming 50% enamel reduction, the premolars and molars should provide 9.8 mm of additional space for realignment of mandibular teeth.
Adolescent↗
Hyalinization and root resorption during early orthodontic tooth movement in adolescents.
The aim of this investigation was to study the hyalinization of the periodontal ligament with time and its relationship to root surface resorption after the application of an orthodontic force, reactivated weekly, of 50 cN (approximately 50 g). Fifty-six patients (18 boys and 38 girls, mean age 13.8 years) were divided into 7 groups of 8. In each patient, one premolar was moved buccally 161 with a fixed orthodontic appliance. The contralateral premolar served as a control. The experimental periods ranged from 1 to 7 weeks. Local areas of overcompression in the periodontal ligament were recorded in 33 test teeth (59%) and 2 controls (4%). Hyalinization was seen in all experimental groups, more often after the first 4 weeks of force application. Hyalinized areas were recorded opposite an intact root surface (54%) or close to and just apical or coronal to an area of root resorption (45%), and were usually located buccocervically and linguoapically, corresponding to expected pressure zones of the periodonal ligament.
Adolescent↗
Treatment results in dental school orthodontic patients in 1983 and 1993.
The effect of incremental changes in materials and techniques on orthodontic treatment outcomes is difficult to evaluate objectively. Treatment results for two groups of patients whose treatments were completed approximately 10 years apart were evaluated using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Patients in the later group who had been treated by postgraduate students primarily (using fixed appliances) had significantly lower IOTN and PAR scores at the end of treatment and showed a significantly greater reduction in the PAR score than a similar group of patients in the earlier group. There were no significant differences in treatment results between patients in the early and late groups who were treated with removable appliances. Differences in treatment results were most likely the result of changes in materials and techniques that had occurred in the 10 intervening years.
Adolescent↗
Root resorption after orthodontic intrusion and extrusion: an intraindividual study.
The aim of this investigation was to compare root resorption in the same individual after application of continuous intrusive and extrusive forces. In nine patients (mean age 15.3 years), the maxillary first premolars were randomly intruded or extruded with a continuous force of 100 cN for eight weeks. Eleven maxillary first premolars from six randomly selected orthodontic patients served as controls. Root resorption was determined using scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative assessment of the percentage of resorbed area of the total root surface was performed on composite micrographs. The severity of root resorption was also assessed by visual scoring of the roots. Root resorption mainly occurred at the apical part of the roots in both experimental groups. A significant difference in root resorption was found between the intruded and the control teeth (P = .006) but not between the extruded and the control teeth. However, the mesial and distal root surfaces showed resorption on 5.78 +/- 3.86% of the root surface of the intruded teeth and 1.28 +/- 1.24% of the root surface of the extruded teeth, and this difference was significant (P = .004). In addition, a large individual variation was found. From this study, it can be concluded that intrusion of teeth causes about four times more root resorption than extrusion. Because the amount of root resorption due to intrusion or extrusion in the same patient is correlated, every clinician should be aware that the extrusion of teeth might also cause root resorption in susceptible patients.
Adolescent↗
Relapse tendency after orthodontic correction of upper front teeth retained with a bonded retainer.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the amount and pattern of relapse of maxillary front teeth previously retained with a bonded retainer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 135 study casts from 45 patients. Recordings from study models before treatment (T1), at debonding (T2), and 1 year after removal of the retainer (T3) were present. All patients had been treated with fixed edgewise appliances. The irregularity index (sum of contact point displacement [CPD]) and rotations of front teeth toward the raphe line were calculated at T1, T2, and T3. RESULTS: The mean irregularity index at T1 was 10.1 (range 3.0-29.9, SD 5.4). At T2 it was 0.7 (range 0.0-2.1, SD 0.7), and at T3 it was 1.4 (range 0.0-5.1, SD 1.2). Fifty-five teeth in 42 patients were corrected more than 20 degrees between T1 and T2 (mean correction 31.4 degrees range 20.0-61.7), and mean relapse in this group was 7.3 degrees (range 0.0-20.5). Regarding alignment of the maxillary front teeth, the contact relationship between the laterals and centrals seems to be the most critical. A significant positive correlation was found between the amount of correction of incisor rotation and the magnitude of relapse but not between the amount of correction of CPD and the magnitude of relapse. Eighty-four percent of the overcorrected CPDs returned to a desired position. CONCLUSIONS: Minor or no relapse was noted at the 1-year follow-up.
Adolescent↗