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Results for “SIZE PERCEPTION”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Anchor research: evidence for an increase in the perceived similarity of stimuli obtained with a speeded-response paradigm.

A set of tiny (T) and huge (H) anchor circles and a set of small (S) and large (L) intermediate circles were used. Trials with TT, HH, TH, and HT pairs were immediately and unexpectedly followed by single trials with SS, LL, SL, or LS pairs. In addition, the anchor and intermediate sets were interchanged. Subjects took longer to decide that unexpected SL and LS pairs were different, and they made no errors to unexpected SS and LL pairs. In contrast, subjects took less time to decide that unexpected SS and LL pairs were the same, and they frequently made errors to unexpected SL and LS pairs. Nonetheless, subjects' responses to the unexpected pairs of anchor circles were not similarly affected. Decision-criterion explanations can probably be discounted. Instead, the findings accord with earlier research suggesting that memory involving anchor stimuli increases the perceived similarity of intermediate and/or relatively similar stimuli. However, the present findings strongly suggest that memory altered the quality of sensory information at a perceptual level. This memorial influence seemingly occurred within about 400 msec. In one study, a set of large and huge circles replaced the small and large set, and similar results were found. This study relates to theories of anchor effects.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1981

Length judgments in modified Mueller-Lyer figures.

In two experiments, subjects made line length matches and relative line length comparisons of a transverse line perpendicularly intersecting the midpoints of the center shafts of the Mueller-Lyer figures. The results indicated that the illusion of transverse line length occurs in a direction opposite to the illusion of shaft length; findings suggesting an asymmetry in the distortion of the space across the Mueller-Lyer figures were thus confirmed. The possible contribution of framing effects induced by the fins of the Mueller-Lyer figures in determining the illusion of transverse line length is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Body image in eating disorders and analysis of its relevance: a preliminary study.

The purpose of the present study was to assess body perception in eating disorders and its meaning in therapy. A total of 44 patients, 25 bulimia nervosa and 19 anorexia nervosa, admitted at a specialized in-patient treatment center participated in the present study. Body size estimation procedures (video-distortion and image-marking techniques) and self-report questionnaires were used for the assessment. No significant differences were found in actual body size estimation between the two eating disorder groups, either before or after therapy. It emerged after therapy that the outcome was not related to body size estimation. These findings suggest that there is no evidence for a serious impairment of body perception (size estimation) in eating-disordered patients, but rather for a disturbance in the emotional aspect of body image, as expressed in negative body attitudes. Body size perception does not appear to be a predictor of treatment outcome in eating disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Brain imaging in a patient with hemimicropsia.

Hemimicropsia is an isolated misperception of the size of objects in one hemifield (objects appear smaller) which is, as a phenomenon of central origin, very infrequently reported in literature. We present a case of hemimicropsia as a selective deficit of size and distance perception in the left hemifield without hemianopsia caused by a cavernous angioma with hemorrhage in the right occipitotemporal area. The symptom occurred only intermittently and was considered the consequence of a local irritation by the hemorrhage. Imaging data including a volume-rendering MR data set of the patient's brain were transformed to the 3-D stereotactic grid system by Talairach and warped to a novel digital 3-D brain atlas. Imaging analysis included functional MRI (fMRI) to analyse the patient's visual cortex areas (mainly V5) in relation to the localization of the hemangioma to establish physiological landmarks with respect to visual stimulation. The lesion was localized in the peripheral visual association cortex, Brodmann area (BA) 19, adjacent to BA 37, both of which are part of the occipitotemporal visual pathway. Additional psychophysical measurements revealed an elevated threshold for perceiving coherent motion, which we relate to a partial loss of function in V5, a region adjacent to the cavernoma. In our study, we localized for the first time a cerebral lesion causing micropsia by digital mapping in Talairach space using a 3-D brain atlas and topologically related it to fMRI data for visual motion. The localization of the brain lesion affecting BA 19 and the occipitotemporal visual pathway is discussed with respect to experimental and case report findings about the neural basis of object size perception.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Role perception of medical residents in relation to hospital size and specialty].

The resident's perception of the nature of the socialization process during specialization in relation to hospital size and field of specialization was studied. A closed-type questionnaire was administered to 258 residents who in 1984 registered for Phase One of the National Board Examination during their training. The results indicate considerable homogeneity in their perception of the norms and rewards of the practice of medicine. No significant differences were found by field of specialization or size of hospital. However, there were significant differences in the nature of the actual training in relation to the size of the hospital. A great deal of direct training and a large routine workload was reported by residents in medium-sized hospitals as compared with large and small hospitals. Surprisingly, achievements of residents were not congruent with the pattern of training: the highest rate of success in the examination was achieved by residents in large hospitals, a lower rate in small hospitals, while the lowest was in medium-sized hospitals.

Hospital Bed Capacity↗
PubMed2005

Role of force cues in the haptic estimations of a virtual length.

This study investigated whether and how the force cues play a role in the haptic perception of length. We assumed that the introduction of a dynamic disruption during haptic exploration generated by a haptic display would lead to a systematic bias in the estimation of a virtual length. Two types of "opposition" disruption ("elastic" and "viscous") were proposed in Experiments 1 and 2, and two types of "traction" disruption ("fluid" and "full") in Experiments 3 and 4. In all experiments, blindfolded adults were asked to compare two lengths of virtual rods explored with the right index. Results revealed an underestimation of the length with elastic and viscous opposition disruptions and an overestimation of this length with fluid and full-traction disruptions. No systematic bias in the estimation was observed in the "control" sessions in which the active exploration of the segment was "normal" (i.e. not disrupted). These results suggest that the forces produced during exploratory movements are used as a relevant cue in the haptic length estimation.

Adult↗