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PubMed1978

Developing a psychiatric inpatient service in a rural area.

An inpatient psychiatric service was developed in a community hospital in Appalachia by building on the hospital's existing mental health components, a comprehensive alcoholism program and an inservice training program for general-duty nurses. In its first phase, the program offered a consultation service to help physicians deal with emotional problems of medical-surgical patients and a daytime therapy program for selected patients referred by the consultation service. In the second phase, psychiatric patients were admitted directly from the community and placed in wards throughout the hospital. Eventually a separate 23-bed psychiatric unit was opened. Between 1973 and 1976 more than 2200 patients were treated by the therapy service or as psychiatric inpatients. The author discusses problems that occurred during each phase of development, including a continuing shortage of nursing staff.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499↗
PubMed2004

A regional approach to projecting land-use change and resulting ecological vulnerability.

This study explores ecological vulnerability to land-use change in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region by spatially extrapolating land and economic development, and overlaying these projections with maps of sensitive ecological resources. As individual extrapolations have a high degree of uncertainty, five methods with different theoretical bases are employed. Confidence in projections is increased for counties targeted by two or more projection methods. A county is considered at risk if it currently supports three or more sensitive resources, and is projected to experience significant growth by the year 2010 by two or more methods. Analysis designated 19 counties and two cities as at risk, highlighting within a large region the priority areas where state and regional efforts would contribute the most to integrating environmental considerations into the process of land development. The study also found that potentially severe ecological effects of future land-use change are not limited to the outskirts of major urban areas. Recreational demands on smaller communities with mountain and coastal resources are also significant, as are initiatives to promote economic development in rural areas of high ecological quality. This approach provides a comprehensive overview of potential regional development, leading to an objective prioritization of high-risk areas. The intent is to inform local planning and decision-making so that regional and cumulative ecological degradation are minimized.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Amalgamation and collaboration in rural general practices: early experience with the GP links program in rural South Australia.

The GP Links program aims to promote the amalgamation of smaller general practices into larger group practices and is one of several strategies being used to modernise Australian family practice. GP Links provides financial incentives to practices willing to amalgamate. The focus of the program has been on urban practices to date and indeed some of the requirements of the program mean that rural practices are less likely to access the scheme. We report our positive and negative experiences of practice amalgamation through the GP Links program in a regional setting of South Australia. From our experience we suggest that for rural practices, a staged approach of increasing collaboration that may lead to amalgamation, which focuses on rural practices developing a supportive network and alliances with others such as Divisions and University Departments of Rural Health might be a positive way ahead.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1982

[Physical development of preschool children from rural areas living under favorable socioeconomic conditions].

The authors describe the results of auxological investigations of 980 preschool children from rural areas, born and brought up in good socioeconomic conditions (in state farms--PPGR selected according to best achievements in agricultural production). The somatic development of the analysed children was higher than that of rural children in the whole country, but lower than that of urban children. The health status of examined children should be considered as good, but a higher percentage of various types of traumas and increased caries of the first dentition are observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Health and development: knowledge systems and local practice in rural Thailand.

The specific framing of health within a development context has implications for constructions of wellness and illness and how people react in times of ill health. In Thailand, recent national HIV/AIDS education-prevention campaigns commonly use topdown relay of public health information. This pattern replicates numerous development projects that aim to bring useful and beneficial knowledge to rural villagers. How villagers integrate this information depends, in part, on previous experiences with development programs in general and public health programs in particular. This paper considers the political economy of medical knowledge and multiple local health strategies in rural Northeast Thailand as a background to the contingent response to public health directives.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2006

Linking carbon sequestration science with local sustainability: an integrated assessment approach.

This paper introduces an integrated assessment (IA) approach for a Canada-China joint research project that linked forest carbon sequestration, forest resource management, and local sustainability enhancement. The purpose of the IA was to improve the measurement of carbon in different land uses and vegetation covers, as well as to direct decision makers to those land uses or options as an CO(2) emission reduction strategy while supporting rural sustainable development. In this connection, three questions are addressed in this paper: 1) How will forestry carbon sequestration land use policies affect regional sustainability prospects in rural China? 2) How could carbon sequestration land use plans be better integrated into sustainable development strategies? and 3) How can the IA approach assist Chinese government agencies in design effective forestry land use policies? The IA approach was applied in three rural sites of western China. These case studies are described in detail by following articles in this volume. The project improved the capacity of local resource managers in identifying the economic, social and environmental impacts of rural land use decisions that might increase carbon sequestration and enhance local livelihood.

Carbon↗
PubMed1996

Education for rural practice in Canada and Australia.

Better education, recruitment, and retention of rural doctors are priorities in Canada and Australia. All medical schools in both countries offer some training in rural areas. In Canada, postgraduate training is provided by university medical schools, which have produced a variety of rural educational initiatives in response to regional needs and resources. In Australia, postgraduate training is provided by the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) and specialty colleges, and the RACGP's Faculty of Rural Medicine has established a national training program for rural medicine. In both countries, a wide variety of continuing medical education (CME) courses are being developed for rural doctors, and funding resources and local programs are offered to make it easier for rural doctors to attend CME courses. Both countries continue to struggle to ensure high-quality, accessible medical care for rural populations. Although the two countries differ both in their health and in medical education systems, Canada and Australia are similar geographically and in their population distributions, and can benefit from and build on each other's experiences and advances.

Australia↗
PubMed1993

Health care reform and rural health networks.

Health care reform is likely to raise unique issues for rural communities and providers. This paper identifies and discusses several of these issues, with a particular focus on the potential relationship between health care reform and rural health networks. Topics addressed include the likely impact of health reform on the organization and development of rural health networks, the reimbursement of rural providers, rural medical practice, and state roles in the organization, delivery, and oversight of rural health care.

Budgets↗