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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Husbands' involvement in abortion in Vietnam.

This study analyzes the involvement of men in abortion in Vietnam, where induced abortion is legal and abortion rates are among the highest in the world. Twenty men were interviewed in 1996 about the role they played in their wives' abortions and about their feelings and ethical views concerning the procedure. The results showed that both husbands and wives considered the husband to be the main decisionmaker regarding family size, which included the decision to have an abortion, but that, in fact, some women had undergone an abortion without consulting their husbands in advance. Parents and in-laws were usually not consulted; the couples thought they might object to the decision on moral grounds. Respondents' ethical perspectives on abortion are discussed. When faced with an unwanted pregnancy, the husbands adopted an ethics of care and responsibility toward family and children, although some felt that abortion was immoral. The study highlights the importance of understanding husbands' perspectives on their responsibilities and rights in reproductive decisionmaking and their ethical and other concerns related to abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women's committee notes impact of fertility on status of females.

Experts in the 23-member Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women recently noted the beneficial impact of declines in fertility rates on improving the status of women. The Committee, which is the monitoring body for the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, emphasized during one of the sessions of its July meeting that, when the fertility rate declined, girls stayed in school longer, infant mortality also declined, and the status of women improved in general. Mr. Sethuramiah Rao, Director of UNFPA's Technical and Evaluation Division, speaking on behalf of Dr. Nafis Sadik, Executive Director, said that governments must be held accountable for protecting the reproductive and sexual rights of women. Consensus agreements reached at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women demonstrated that the world community now accepted that States were responsible for respecting and protecting reproductive and sexual rights and for enabling women to enjoy those rights, he said. The ICPD Program of Action placed reproductive and sexual health and rights at the center of the population and development agenda. It also committed governments to strive to ensure universal access by 2015 to comprehensive reproductive health care, including family planning and services to protect sexual health. In an exchange of views following the UNFPA presentation, experts spoke of the need for information campaigns on reproductive and sexual health issues. It was also reiterated that increasing awareness about motherhood and spacing of children were very important.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed2005

Thinking beyond ICPD+10: where should our movement be going?

In this roundtable discussion, three long-time international activists in the field of reproductive and sexual rights discuss the challenges facing the feminist women's health movement ten years after the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing. Their conversation reflects on the nature of the global context in 1994-95 and how that context has changed a decode later, especially in light of growing conservatism and the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. They consider the successes and limitations of the Cairo agenda and the strategic importance of taking a long-term view. In particular, they emphasise the need for strengthening health systems worldwide, advocating for better and more woman-friendly use of existing resources and building broader coalitions. Much of the conversation explores points of commonality and difference between feminist groups on the one hand, and medical and family planning organisations on the other, as well as ways of utilising such venues as the World Social Forum. Points of greatest promise internationally include the growing youth movement for sexual and reproductive health and rights and the potential for opening up larger alliances around sexual and bodily rights with HIV/AIDS activists, sex workers, people living with HIV and AIDS and human rights organisations.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Unplanned teenage pregnancy.

This chapter addresses unplanned teenage pregnancy from a human-rights-based perspective. Many programmes focus only on the negative aspects of young people's sexual and reproductive health; putting rights at the centre of teenage sexual health avoids treating adolescents as a homogeneous collection of discrete problems. Taking a rights-based approach to adolescent sexual and reproductive health encompasses the inter-relationships and complexity of factors influencing choices and decisions. In this chapter we explore the meaning of a rights-based approach and examine its implementation in the provision of sexuality, education and health services. We provide examples of international strategies for ensuring the participation of diverse young people and generating youth-friendly services to meet their sexual and reproductive needs and rights.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

For Better, For Worse.

This article addresses the extent to which provisions within Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have influenced subsequent developments in the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights. In particular, it assesses how the right to marry and to found a family, the requirement of free and full consent of intending spouses, and recognition of the family as the "natural and fundamental group unit of society" have affected service provision in this field. Other human rights instruments, such as the Women's Convention, have amplified these rights, but some issues within reproductive health continue to be limited by conventional interpretations of the family, as identified in the UDHR. While the language within Article 16 was clearly molded by the morality of the 1940s, it has, so far, proven to be flexible enough to encompass both social change and technological innovation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Legal issues in the reproductive health care of adolescents.

There is significant evidence that both physicians and adolescents are uninformed of adolescents' legal rights to confidential reproductive health care. When young people are aware of their right to confidentiality and assured that physicians will respect that right, they are more likely to seek care. Restricting adolescent reproductive health care places added stress on young women, delays treatment, and may even lead young women to resort to dangerous alternatives. The legal framework governing minors' ability to obtain confidential health services is key. This paper will identify recent threats to adolescent reproductive health care, analyze informed consent and confidentiality in the context of adolescent care, review minors' constitutional rights, and review the legal framework governing adolescent care in New York State as one example.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Defective reproduction of passive meaningless gestures in right brain damage: a perceptual disorder of one's own body knowledge?

Right Hemisphere Damaged Patients (RHDP) with left hemiparesis are known to experience motor programming difficulties and to have poorer functional outcome when compared with Left Hemisphere Damaged Patients (LHDP). The role played by body-related cognitive disorders remains unclear. In this study we investigate whether reproduction of passive meaningless gestures may contribute to a further development of this question. Ten RHDP with neglect, 10 RHDP without neglect, 10 LHDP, and 10 controls were given a battery of tasks requiring reproduction of passive meaningless gestures. The gestures were passively applied by the examiner on either the ipsilesional or the contralesional upper limb of the subject who was asked to reproduce them with his ipsilesional- non-paretic -limb. LHDP performed virtually as well as controls when the influence of deafferentation was controlled. The performance of RHDP with and without neglect did not differ from each other but both groups were significantly impaired when compared with either controls or LHDP, whether the gestures were applied on the contralesional or ipsilesional limb. RHDP performed defectively whether they had closed or open eyes, which tends to indicate a perceptual multimodal integration disorder rather than a modality-related sensory disorder. The left hemisphere is generally considered dominant for deliberate motor control of both sides of the body, not only for symbolic gestures but also for (visual) imitation of meaningless gestures. The results of this study raise the question of why reproduction of meaningless gestures is more impaired for LHDP than RHDP when stimulus presentation is visual and vice versa when stimulation is passively applied upon the subject's body. One reason may be that in visual imitation, the model is given by another person's body, whereas passive gestures, directly applied upon one's body, place demands on perceptual analysis of one's own body experience. These results might give evidence for a disorder of bilateral, perceptual, multimodal integration of knowledge about one's own body in RHDP.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence and predictors of low sexual assertiveness

Background: Personal beliefs about sexual attitudes and rights likely affect reproductive health behaviors. We examined the prevalence and predictors of low sexual assertiveness (SA) among sexually active females across three age groups (14-17 yo, 18-21 yo, and 22-26 yo).Methods: 904 white, black, and Mexican-American females presenting at community-based family planning clinics in Southeast Texas between April 1997 and February 1998 completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire that assessed demographic and reproductive characteristics, dating behaviors, mental health measures and occurrence of physical and sexual assault. Subjects also completed a sexual assertiveness scale that assessed one's right to make various reproductive health decisions and sexual communications to partners. A total SA score was obtained by summing the 13 items; scores were then dichotomized so those scoring in the lowest quartile could be compared to the others. Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression stratified by age group (244 aged 14-17; 392 aged 18-21; and 268 aged 22-26).Results: 27% of subjects aged 14-17, 22% aged 18-21, and 17% aged 22-26 were identified as having low SA. For 14-17 years olds, logistic regression analyses revealed that those with low SA as compared to adequate SA were significantly more likely to be Mexican American (OR = 4.8) or black (OR = 3.1) than white, to have hand </= 1 dating partner in the last 12 months (OR = 1.8), and to report inconsistent birth control in last 12 months (OR = 2.0). Among 18-21 years olds, low (SA) was related to reporting forced sexual contact in the last 12 months (OR = 5.2), moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (OR = 3. 0), no history of physical abuse (OR = 2.5), believing that your partner is monogomous (OR = 2.6), married or living with a male partner (OR = 2.1), </= 3 lifetime sexual partners (OR = 1.8), not using alcohol before sex (OR = 1.8), and gravidity >/= 1 (OR = 1.8). Among 22-26 years olds, low SA was associated with gravidity >/= 1 (OR = 2.8), being a high school dropout (OR = 2.1), and inconsistent birth control use in the last 12 months (OR = 1.9).Conclusions: These data suggest that 1 in 4 sexually active women report low SA and for two age groups these attitudes are associated with inconsistent contraception. Among 18-21 years olds, low SA is also associated with forced sexual contact and depressive symptoms. Thus, efforts to prevent unintended pregnancy and unwanted sexual contact may be more effective if individual levels of SA are taken into account.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Reproductive choice: screening policy and access to the means of reproduction.

The practice of screening potential users of reproductive services is of profound social and political significance. Access screening lacks a defensible rationale, is inconsistent with the principles of equality and self-determination, and violates individual and group human rights. Communities that strive to function in accord with those principles should not permit access to screening, even screening that purports to be a benign exercise of professional discretion. Because reproductive choice is controversial, regulation by law my be required in most jurisdictions to provide effective protection for reproductive rights. In Canada, for example, equal access can, and should be, guaranteed by federal regulations imposing strict conditions on the licenses of fertility clinics.

Access to Information↗