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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Subareolar injection of 99mTc facilitates sentinel lymph node identification.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with the standard intraparenchymal injection has been accepted as an alternative to routine axillary dissection for patients with breast cancer. However, the identification and false-negative rates with this method can vary widely from surgeon to surgeon. The subareolar location contains a rich lymphatic network and represents a potential site of injection for SLN identification. METHODS: Between August 1, 1999, and December 31, 2000, we performed 159 SLN biopsy procedures on 158 patients with breast cancer. For each patient, 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid was injected into the subareolar location, and 1% isosulfan blue dye was given as an intraparenchymal injection. RESULTS: In every case, at least one radioactive SLN was identified with the subareolar injection of technetium; a blue SLN was found in 97% of the cases. The blue SLN was also radioactive in 98% of the cases, indicating that the blue dye injected around the tumor and the technetium injected into the subareolar location drained to the same SLN. CONCLUSIONS: Subareolar injection of technetium can improve SLN identification rates for breast cancer. The simplicity and accuracy of this technique may also reduce the variable results reported with the standard intraparenchymal method.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Standardized methyl green-pyronin Y procedures using pure dyes.

Fully standardized Methyl Green-Pyronin methods are presented. Pure Pyronin Y and purified Methyl Green or Ethyl Green are used either simultaneously in one dye bath or are used as a sequence of Pyronin Y and Ethyl or Methyl Green. Both methods, as shown by enzymatic pretreatment, give a reliable and reproducible staining in DNA with Ethyl or Methyl Green and of RNA with Pyronin Y on Carnoy fixed material. On formaldehyde fixed material it was found advantageous to use the sequential method as chromatin was hereby stained green instead of blue as seen with the simultaneous method.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Drug interference in the Bradford and 2,2'-bicinchoninic acid protein assays.

The interference of a range of drugs and related substances has been investigated in the Bradford Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) protein dye-binding assay and the 2,2'-bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assays. Chlorpromazine was the only substance to interfere in the CBB assay but the interference was slight. In contrast, the BCA reagent interacted strongly with chlorpromazine, the penicillins, vitamin C, and paracetamol and the mode of interference varied with the test substance. The chlorpromazine produced turbidity and an atypical color. The penicillins show a slow but normal color response while vitamin C and paracetamol gave an immediate and intense response.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMed2000

[Lymph node mapping and axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in 243 invasive breast cancers with no palpable nodes. The south Lyon hospital center experience].

STUDY AIM: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative lymph node mapping and sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) on the axillary staging of patients with N0 breast carcinoma. Two techniques were used: blue dye alone (Evans Blue and Patent Blue) and combined technique (blue dye and isotope). METHODS: The incidence of axillary node metastasis in axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and SLND was compared prospectively. Multiple sections of each SLN were examined by HPS staining and immunohistochemical techniques. Two sections of each non sentinel node in ALND specimens were examined by routine HPS staining. RESULTS: 243 patients underwent ALND after SLN biopsy. The SLN detection rate was 225/243 cases (92.59%): 89.94% with blue dye alone and 100% with the combined technique. The false-negative rate was less than 2%. CONCLUSION: SN biopsy is an accurate staging technique for N0 breast cancer. SLN biopsy with multiple sections and immunohistochemical staining of the SLN can identify significantly more patients with lymph node metastases than ALND with routine HPS staining.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for conjunctival melanoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for conjunctival melanoma. METHODS: A 49-year-old man with a biopsy-proven malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva (caruncle) underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and SLN biopsy using a technique in which both isosulfan blue dye and technetium Tc 99 m sulfur colloid were injected in the subconjunctival space around the primary lesion. The conjunctival melanoma was excised just before identification and removal of the SLNs. The SLNs were excised along with concomitant dissection of their associated lymph node basins. The SLNs were evaluated histologically using serial sectioning and immunohistochemical staining with antisera against the S-100 protein and the melanoma antigen HMB-45. RESULTS: Three SLNs were identified in the left submandibular and the left upper and middle jugular lymph node basins during the preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. The same three SLNs were successfully identified in the operating room. The SLNs were histologically negative, and the immunohistochemical staining against S-100 and HMB-45 was also negative. We did not observe any immediate adverse effects on the globe or the periocular structures from lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy. By 24 hours after injection of blue dye, only a faint trace of blue was visible on the ocular surface. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and SLN biopsy can be performed safely in patients with conjunctival melanoma. A larger study is planned to determine the sensitivity of this technique for the detection of occult regional nodal disease in patients with conjunctival melanoma.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal cancer: a feasibility study.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is currently used and investigated in melanoma and in breast cancer. Its utility in gastrointestinal malignancies is still under debate. The prognosis of colorectal cancer patients is strongly related to the lymphatic involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of SLN mapping in colorectal cancer and to assess its impact on pathological staging and treatment. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We injected blue dye in 11 colorectal cancer patients during surgery. After resection the tumor specimen was examined to identify blue-stained lymph nodes and these lymph nodes were sent separately to the pathologist. Routine hematoxylin-eosin examination was performed on all nodes (including blue ones). No other techniques (eg immunohistochemistry or PCR) were performed. RESULTS: Sentinel lymph nodes were successfully identified in 10 of the 11 patients. We observed only one false negative result (10%) and the agreement between SLN and other lymph node status was 80% (8/10). One patient was upstaged: SLN was positive for metastases while the other lymph nodes were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphatic mapping using patent blue dye is feasible in colorectal cancer. The identification of lymph nodal metastases by this technique led to upstaging of one patient, who may benefit from adjuvant therapy. These initial results prompt further investigation of this procedure as an accurate, minimally invasive staging approach in early colorectal cancer. We proceed with our study to evaluate the role of SLN mapping in colorectal cancer management.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Anatomy of a "black eye": a newly described fascial system of the lower eyelid.

The anatomy of a black eye is examined in a series of cadaver dissections in which a previously unreported fascial system of the lower eyelid is identified. This fascia originates at the orbital rim, and is in continuity with the orbital septum and with the periosteum of the orbital floor and anterior maxillary wall. This fascia contributes to the thickened area along the orbital rim called the arcus marginale. At the level of the orbicularis oculi muscle, this fascia was noted microscopically to fuse with a fibrous septa of the superficial cheek fat. This creates one long continuous membrane from the orbital rim above to the cheek skin below. Dye injection techniques show that this membrane is impermeable and traps injected dye in the same place where a black eye forms. After periorbital injury, extravasated hemoglobin pigment is confined to the area above the cutaneous insertion of this membrane. This fascial system has been named the septum malaris: malar describes its origin along the orbital rim of the cheek, and septum further describes the partitioning nature of this ultra-thin membrane.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Effect of molecular structure on the performance of triarylmethane dyes as therapeutic agents for photochemical purging of autologous bone marrow grafts from residual tumor cells.

Extensively conjugated cationic molecules with appropriate structural features naturally accumulate into the mitochondria of living cells, a phenomenon typically more prominent in tumor than in normal cells. Because a variety of tumor cells also retain pertinent cationic structures for longer periods of time compared with normal cells, mitochondrial targeting has been proposed as a selective therapeutic strategy of relevance for both chemotherapy and photochemotherapy of neoplastic diseases. Here we report that the triarylmethane dye crystal violet stains cell mitochondria with efficiency and selectivity, and is a promising candidate for photochemotherapy applications. Crystal violet exhibits pronounced phototoxicity toward L1210 leukemia cells but comparatively small toxic effects toward normal hematopoietic cells (murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, CFU-GM). On the basis of a comparative examination of chemical, photochemical, and phototoxic properties of crystal violet and other triarylmethane dyes, we have identified interdependencies between molecular structure, and selective phototoxicity toward tumor cells. These structure-activity relationships represent useful guidelines for the development of novel purging protocols to promote selective elimination of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow grafts with minimum toxicity to normal hematopoietic stem cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Incidence of anaphylactoid reactions to isosulfan blue dye during breast carcinoma lymphatic mapping in patients treated with preoperative prophylaxis: results of a surgical prospective clinical practice protocol.

BACKGROUND: Severe anaphylactoid reactions to isosulfan blue dye requiring resuscitation are reported to occur in 1.1% of patients with breast carcinoma undergoing sentinel lymphadenectomy. In December 2001, the authors began administering a prophylactic regimen before dye injection to determine whether prophylaxis reduced the incidence of life-threatening reactions. METHODS: All patients were mapped with technetium-99m-labeled sulfur colloid. Those also receiving isosulfan blue dye were administered a glucocorticoid, diphenhydramine, and famotidine intravenously just before or at induction of anesthesia. Adverse reactions at the time of surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: Between December 2001 and July 2003, 1013 consecutive patients underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast carcinoma. Six hundred sixty-seven patients (65.8%) received prophylaxis and isosulfan blue dye, 33 (3.3%) received prophylaxis but no dye, 12 (1.2%) received dye but no prophylaxis, and 301 (29.7%) received no prophylaxis or dye. Blue urticaria and facial edema were observed in 3 (0.5%) of 667 patients receiving prophylaxis and dye and in 1 (8.3%) of 12 patients receiving dye but no prophylaxis. There were no episodes of hypotension, and no patients required vasopressors, ventilatory support, or intensive care observation. Adverse reactions to agents other than blue dye were observed in 2 (0.3%) of 667 patients receiving prophylaxis and dye and in 3 (1.0%) of 301 receiving no prophylaxis and no dye (P = 0.1773). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative prophylaxis was found to reduce the severity, but not the overall incidence, of adverse reactions to isosulfan blue dye. No life-threatening reactions were noted in patients treated with preoperative prophylaxis. Based on these results, the authors now routinely recommend administration of prophylaxis to patients receiving isosulfan blue for lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

A micromethod for the quantitation of cellular proteins in Percoll with the Coomassie brilliant blue dye-binding assay.

A simple procedure for the determination of cellular proteins in Percoll-containing samples is described. Percoll precipitated when particulate proteins were solubilized by dilution of the samples in a NaOH-Triton X-100 mixture. After centrifugation at high speed (12,000g), the supernatant was assayed for proteins with the Coomassie brilliant blue dye-binding assay. With an automatic spectrophotometer, 50-microliter aliquots gave a linear response between 0 and 3 micrograms of bovine serum albumin. After a fivefold dilution in the alkali-detergent mixture, proteins in samples containing up to at least 60% Percoll can be accurately quantitated on a standard curve prepared in the absence of Percoll. Because the sensitivity of the assay was better than 100 ng, the procedure outlined in this paper can also be used as a general protein micromethod.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Adsorptions of high concentration malachite green by two activated carbons having different porous structures.

The adsorption of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution by two different adsorbents (CZn5, PETNa8) were studied. Adsorbents were prepared from pine sawdust and polyethyleneterephatalate (PET) by chemical activation with ZnCl(2) and NaOH, respectively. The adsorption was carried out in a batch system as a function of dye concentration, pH and contact time. Both adsorbents were found to be very effective in removing the dye at high concentration with adsorption percentage in the order of CZn5 > PETNa8. The pH of dye solution in the range of 6-10, was found favorable for the removal of malachite green by using the two adsorbents at high concentrations. Equilibrium times were 120 and 90 min for CZN5 and PETNa8, respectively. Kinetics of removal MG was studied using Lagergren equation and diffusion phenomena was analyzed using Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion plots. It was also showed that the adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir model.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2004

Characteristics of recurrence in patients who underwent lymphatic mapping for vulvar cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients with vulvar cancer who experienced a recurrence after undergoing lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 52 patients who underwent vulvectomy and lymphatic mapping with blue dye for treatment of vulvar cancer at our institution from 1993 to 1999 and identified patients who experienced recurrent disease. RESULTS: Fourteen (27%) of 52 patients experienced a recurrence. The patients' median age was 60 years (range 35-84 years). Nine patients had squamous lesions, four patients had melanoma, and one patient had Paget's disease with stromal invasion. Four tumors were stage T1, seven were T2, and three were T3. Eight lesions were located at the midline and six were lateral. Thirteen patients underwent superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy while one patient underwent SLN biopsy only. Postoperatively, seven patients underwent no further treatment, six underwent radiation therapy, and one patient underwent chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 46 months and the median disease-free interval was 21 months. Primary recurrence was in the vulva in eight patients (57%), in the groin in three patients (21%), and distant in three patients (21%). Nine of 32 (22%) squamous lesions recurred, four (57%) of seven melanomas recurred, and the sole patient with invasive Paget's recurred. Patient weight was found to be significantly different between patients who experienced a recurrence and those who did not (P = 0.05). At least one SLN was identified in 46 (88%) of the 52 patients. One (17%) of six patients in whom no SLN was identified experienced a recurrence, and 13 (28%) of 46 patients in whom a SLN was identified experienced a recurrence (P = 0.5). In the 41 patients with negative SLNs and negative non-SLNs, the recurrence rate was 24%; in the six patients with positive SLNs and negative non-SLNs, the recurrence rate was 40%; and in the five patients with positive SLNs and positive non-SLNs, the recurrence rate was 40% (P = 0.6). No patients had a negative SLN and positive non-SLN. Of the three patients who experienced a recurrence in the groin, one had a negative SLN and negative non-SLN, one had a positive SLN and positive non-SLN, and one had no SLN identified and a negative non-SLN. CONCLUSIONS: . This heterogeneous group of patients who underwent lymphatic mapping with blue dye had similar patterns of recurrence to reported series of patients who did not undergo lymphatic mapping. Groin relapse following a negative SLN biopsy is of concern and suggests that long-term follow-up data are required before lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy alone can be considered standard treatment for patients with vulvar cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sentinel lymph node drainage in multicentric breast cancers.

Axillary lymph node status is the most important prognostic marker in patients with breast cancer; the presence of axillary metastases impacts prognosis as well as subsequent systemic therapy. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is associated with significant morbidity and psychological distress; the introduction of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with lymphatic mapping affords the ability to identify those patients most likely to benefit from ALND, sparing node-negative patients. The lymphatic drainage of the breast is poorly understood, and the situation is further complicated by the lack of standardization of the SLN biopsy technique among institutions. Multicentricity has generally been considered to be a contraindication to SLN biopsy due to concerns about potential inaccuracies. Here we report five cases of patients with multicentric breast cancers (two tumors in two distinct quadrants). In each case, injection of one site with technetium-labeled sulfur colloid and the second site with isosulfan blue dye resulted in successful identification of at least one node that was both hot and blue within the axilla. These observations suggest that the lymphatic drainage of the entire breast coincides with drainage of the tumor bed, regardless of the quadrant. However, further studies are needed to validate the accuracy of SLN biopsy in multicentric breast cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Feasibility of the detection of the sentinel lymph node in peripheral non-small cell lung cancer with radio isotopic and blue dye techniques.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in peripheral clinically stage I or II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using (99m)Tc colloid and a hand-held gamma detection probe, associated with a blue dye technique. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; and Hopital Nord, Saint Etienne, France. METHODS: After thoracotomy, a total of 2 mL patent blue dye mixed with 1,600 muCi (99m)Tc-albumin or (99m)Tc-colloid was injected into each quadrant of lung tissue immediately surrounding the tumor. Routine lymphadenectomy was carried out. The first lymph nodes to stain blue or radioactive, if any, were considered SLNs. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were evaluated. We successfully identified 17 SLNs in 13 patients (detection rate, 54.2%). Mean time from injection to identification of SLNs was 18 min (range, 5 to 30 min). In nine cases, the SLN was blue and radioactive, in six cases only blue, and in two cases only radioactive. The pathologic status of the SLN reflected the pathologic status of other nodes of the routine lymphadenectomy except one case of false-negative SLN (14%). Four SLNs were in N2 stations (23.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The sentinel node mapping in NSCLC with blue dye and radioisotopic techniques is feasible, but the detection rate has to be improved. This technique is an accurate method of identifying the first node draining a tumor, although it is not yet sufficiently sensitive to have a role in reducing the extent of nodal dissection.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Simultaneous assay of Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na+, K(+)-ATPase activities of osteoblast rat by malachite green colorimetic method].

The aim of this study was to find a method to measure simultaneously the activities of Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na+, K(+)-ATPase of rat osteoblast membrane. In this test, Ca(2+)-ATPase and Na+, K(+)-ATPase released inorganic phosphate (Pi) from ATP, and Pi was determined by colorimetric method using malachite green dye to show ATPase activities. Ca2+ concentration and osteoblast culture generation were important factors affecting ATPase activities. Ca2+ could elevate membrane ATPase activity. When Ca2+ concentration reached 40 mumol/L, ATPase activities were improved. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity decreased with the increase of osteoblast culture generation. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity was lower than Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in osteoblast membrane. This method is simple, sensitive and reliable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective lymph node dissection in patients with intermediate thickness melanoma: our experience.

The role of elective lymph node dissection (ELND) for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma has been debated for many years. Actually, the value of ELND is seriously questioned because an increasing of overall survival rates has not been demonstrated. The lymphatic mapping technique, initially performed by an intradermic injection of vital blue dye, subsequently improved by the use of radioguided surgery (RGS), proved effective for the detection of clinical occult lymph node metastasis. We performed a sentinel node biopsy on 71 patients with stage pT2/T3N0M0 melanoma. Vital blue dye mapping alone was performed on 39 patients; the remaining 32 patients had a combined lymphatic mapping with both blue dye and RGS. The sentinel node (SN) was complexively identified in 69/71 (97.2%) patients. Sixteen patients (23.2%) were found to have metastatic melanoma cells in their SN(s); all these patients underwent lymph node dissection of the affected basin. Our experience confirmed that the intraoperative detection of sentinel nodes using both blue dye and radio-guided surgery is an effective and reliable technique for selecting patients to be submitted to lymph node dissection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Class II composite resin restorations using glass-ionomer liners: microleakage studies.

Microleakage studies were undertaken for Class II composite resin restorations that had been lined with glass-ionomer cement using the 'sandwich' technique. Thirty freshly extracted permanent molars and premolars were mounted in polymethylmethacrylate blocks. Class II cavities were prepared using carbide burs No. 245 in a water cooled dental handpiece, (cavity box 5 x 3 x 2 mm). Specimens were divided into three groups of 10 each. Group A was restored with hybrid composite resin only, Group B with hybrid composite using a light-cured glass-ionomer liner applied to dentin only, and Group C with hybrid composite using light-cured glass-ionomer liner carried out to the cavosurface margin, (beyond the DEJ). All the specimens were thermocycled between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C for 250 cycles for 3 hours, followed by placement in 0.5% aqueous basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Specimens were sectioned mesio-distally through the restorations using an Isomet apparatus. The extent of dye penetration was scored under a stereomicroscope with reference to the DEJ, (0 = no penetration, 1 = penetration to the enamel, 2 = penetration beyond the DEJ). Statistical analysis of the data showed significant differences among the means of the groups at p < 0.001. The results of this study indicate that the application of a light-cured glass-ionomer up to the cavosurface margin inhibits the microleakage of Class II restorations in vitro.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1999

Bacterial leakage versus dye leakage in obturated root canals.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare in vitro bacterial and dye leakage tests, commonly used to determine the seal of root canal fillings. METHODOLOGY: Ninety-six single-rooted teeth had their crowns removed at the cemento-enamel junction and their roots instrumented to ISO size 60 within 1 mm of the apex. Three groups of 30 roots were obturated by lateral condensation using gutta-percha and one or other of the sealers. AH26, Ketac Endo, or Roth's 801 sealer. Three roots were used as negative controls and three roots as positive controls. The roots were then exposed at their coronal end first for 38 days to soy broth containing Staphylococcus epidermidis and thereafter for 48 h to basic fuchsin. Bacterial leakage was recorded when the challenging organism could be recovered from the apical end. Dye leakage was checked by microscopy of transverse sections of the apical tip at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: For the bacterial experiment, there was no significant difference amongst the three sealer groups. The dye experiment showed significantly greater leakage in the AH26 compared to the Ketac Endo group. No correlation between the results of the two tests could be seen. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the molecular size of the penetrating agent may not be the relevant parameter when attempting to determine an appropriate test for the sealability of root canal fillings.

Bismuth↗