[A comparison of 3 methods of dosage fractionation in roentgenotherapy of non-advanced skin carcinoma (controlled therapeutic studies)].
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Female↗
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[Possibility of heart damage caused by roentgenotherapy].
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Breast Neoplasms↗
[Apparently superficial epidermoid cancer of the esophagus: value of radiotherapy and electrocoagulation].
A 77 years old man has been treated by roentgenotherapy for an epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. The lesion extended from 24 to 37 cm of the arcades and did not modify roentgenographically the contraction of the muscular layer. This cancer has been heralded by inhalations when swallowing. An error of focusing of radiotherapy resulted in an under irradiation of the upper segment of the esophagus. At the same level a recurrency of the lesions has been treated by electrocoagulation under fibroscopy. The palliation was good but it did not prevent multiple recurrences. The remainder of the esophagus which received 60 Grays has been cured during the three years of follow-up. A second patient has a asymptomatic microcarcinoma at 32 cm. seemingly superficial and was cured by 60 Grays after a follow-up of seven years. External roentgenotherapy is compared to surgery and the use of local treatments as electrocoagulation, laser therapy and intraluminal roentgentherapy are discussed.
Aged↗
[Treatment of skin cancer (based on data from Moscow Region cancer institutes)].
Observations over 3308 patients with skin cancer were conducted, 77.5% of them were in stage I, 19.7%--in stage II, 2.6%--in stage III and 0.2%--in stage IV. The incidence in males was twice as rare as in females. The dependence of skin cancer on sex was studied in 1645 patients. The majority of patients aged from 51 to 70 years. According to histological findings basalioma was observed in 75.9% and squamous-cell cancer--in 24.1%. Short-focal roentgenotherapy at voltage of 40--60 kw was employed in 94,3%, the combined therapy--in 4.5% and the associated one--in 1.2%. Doses from 5000 to 7000 r (79.5% of patients) were routinely used. The clinical cure was gained in 97.7%, the duration of radiation effect realization was 3--4 weeks in 60 percent of cases. The clinical cure was seldom observed in dosage under 4000 r. The results of 10-year observations indicated that among 2616 patients recurrences were noted in 63 (2.4%). Short-focal roentgenotherapy and the combined treatment seem to be the methods of choice intreatment for skin cancer.
Adolescent↗
[Tumors of the salivary glands].
Tumors of salivary glands arise mainly from the parotid gland. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is mandatory not only to localize precisely the tumor within the gland but also to differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms, in competition with cytology in fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Tumors without risk of transformation, such as adenolymphoma, are not systematically operated on. Indications of roentgenotherapy and irradiation volumes depend on histologic type, localisation and size of the tumor.
Adenolymphoma↗
Basal-cell tumors of the lumbar skin after radiotherapy for arthrosis.
Twenty-three cases of basal-cell tumor of the skin arising in the lumbar-sacral region after repeated irradiations in anti-inflammatory doses for arthrosis are discussed. The involved cutaneous region had been submitted to a number of roentgenotherapy cycles, varying from a minimum of 2 to a maximum of 10. The total dose absorbed at skin level varied between 14.4 and 72.0 Gy, administered over 2 to 6 years. Thirteen to 30 years (median, 19) had elapsed since the end of the irradiations. This observation compels a critical re-evaluation to be made concerning certain radiotherapy indications. The treatment of these lesions involves some problems: radiotherapy is made difficult by the coexistence of often serious dystrophic lesions on the surrounding skin, and surgery is often unsuccessful. The topic application of 5-fluorouracil ointment seems to achieve good results.
Administration, Topical↗
Impairment of vertebral artery flow caused by extrinsic lesions.
In a consecutive series of 71 cases of extrinsic lesions involving the vertebral artery (VA), 51 patients presented with external compression of this vessel. The compressive agents included 34 tumors, 4 osteophytes, 5 fibrous bands, 4 traumatic lesions, 2 neural elements, and 2 infectious processes. The main site was the second portion of the VA (C2-C6) (30 of 51 patients). Compression always induced at least significant stenosis, and in 8 patients caused complete occlusion. The compression was either permanent (44 patients) or intermittent (7 patients). Symptoms were observed in 11 patients, including 2 with permanent deficits. Surgical release of compression was performed each time symptoms could be explained by a reduction in VA flow and also when the compressing agent needed to be removed, as in the cases involving tumors. VA decompression was achieved by direct approach in 37 patients, by reduction and fixation of a traumatic dislocation in 2 patients, and by distal revascularization in 4 patients. Medical treatment or roentgenotherapy was used in the other patients. Results were excellent in all but 2 patients, who died from traumatic and ischemic lesions, respectively. Therefore, it seems important to identify external causes of compression of the VA for two reasons: 1) to suppress symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency when their relation to VA compression is clearly established, and 2) to remove compressive agents like tumors safely while preserving the VA.
Cervical Vertebrae↗
[Treatment methods for primary cancer of the lower lip].
The long-term results of treatment of primary cancer of a lower lip were studied in 954 patients. It was established that cryodestruction was the most effective method for treatment of I and IIA stage squamous cell keratinizing type cancer of a lower lip irrespective of its clinical form. In tumour spreading to the corner of a mouth, and in IIIA stage tumour, use of radiation methods of treatment as the independent ones (close-focus roentgenotherapy and long-focus gamma-therapy) has proved to be of low effectiveness.
Aged↗
[Assessment of the results of treating II- and III-stage cervical cancer, parametrial variant, by using different sources of teleradiation].
The data on patients with the parametrial spread of cervical cancer, stage II and III, treated by different types of distant radiotherapy are analysed. An insignificant improvement of the 5-year cure results was noted only in patients in stage II, when treated on modern gammatron machines as compared with the previously used roentgenotherapy, and it may be due to a larger radiation dosage. The number of early and late complications is found to increase. Some methodical recommendations for treatment of these patients are given.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
[The role of p21 (wafl/cip1) in human colorectal carcinoma cell apoptosis].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of basal expression p21 and stress-stimulated p21 in preventing apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma cells DLD1 after treatment of adriamycin, roentgenotherapy and gene therapy of p53. METHODS: A human colorectal carcinoma cell line DLD1 whose p21 expression can be controlled by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was established. The morphology, DNA fragmentation and survival rates of two kinds of DLD1 cells expressing or not expressing p21 were observed after treatment with adriamycin, X-ray and transient transfection of p53. The cells in S stage were incubated with [3H] thymidine so as to examine the relationship between apoptosis and cell cycle. RESULTS: (1) p21 may be one of the most important stress-stimulated proteins in the cells, which can be induced by the p53-dependent pathway and the p53-independent pathway as well. (2) Basal expression of p21 plays an important antiapoptosis role in carcinoma cells after stress-treatment. In contrast, stress-stimulated p21 plays a minor role in preventing apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Basal expression of p21 plays a more important antiapoptosis role than stress-stimulated p21 in carcinoma cells.
Apoptosis↗
[The use of apiotherapy and radon baths in treating syringomyelia].
In Vologda Province, syringomyelia is rather prevalent (2.9 per 100,000 population). In view of the fact that the clinical symptoms are refractory to the treatment methods applied (roentgenotherapy and radioactive iodine), the combined use of apiotherapy (honey bee and flower pollen) and radon baths was attempted. It turned out to be undoubtedly effective.
Adult↗
Clinical course of cystosarcoma phyllodes related to histologic appearance.
A series of 17 females having cystosarcoma phyllodes underwent surgical treatment. The subsequent clinical course was observed periodically. Twelve patients had originally histologically benign tumors. Six patients had a recurrence, and of these, malignant characteristics developed in four instances. Five patients had originally histologically malignant tumors. Recurrences were encountered in four. Five patients died from a generalized spread of the tumor. Three of these patients had originally histologically benign tumors, in which malignant features of the recurrent tumor subsequently developed. The surgical treatment ranged from local excision to simple mastectomy with additional roentgenotherapy in three. Neither procedure prevented a recurrence from the original tumor, whether benign or malignant. Poor correlation exists between biologic behavior and histologic appearance of cystosarcoma phyllodes, independent of the surgical procedure. Wide local excision in histologically benign and mastectomy in histologically malignant tumors are advised, but no final decision could be reached. It is proposed to restrict ther term cystosarcoma phyllodes to histologically malignant tumors and use the term fibroadenoma phyllodes in instances of histologically benign tumors.
Breast Neoplasms↗
[Long-term results of the treatment of commissural forms of primary localized basalioma of the facial skin].
The long-term results of the treatment of 162 patients with commissural form of primary localized basalioma of the skin of a face were studied. In stage I disease, the excision with a scalpel, electroexcision and intratissue gamma-therapy are more effective when compared with cryodestruction and short-distance roentgenotherapy. The effectiveness of intratissue gamma-therapy is inversely proportional to the tumor stage.
Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
[Treatment of suppurative diseases of the fingers and hand at a hospital].
On the basis of the experience with treatment of 632 patients with purulent diseases of the fingers and hand, it is shown that in local treatment of panaritium and hand phlegmons, the adequate drainage of an abscess and excision of the necrotized tissues, the use of laser- and roentgenotherapy, vacuum drainage, ultrasonic cavitation of wounds are of importance. The complex treatment permitted to achieve good results in most patients; exarticulation of the fingers III-IV in pandactylitis associated with diabetes mellitus was performed in 1 patient, amputation of the fingers II--III--also in 1.
Adolescent↗
[Multicenter reticulohistiocytosis. A contribution to clinical aspects and therapy].
It is reported on a 48-year-old woman suffering from a multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Most trouble in this case is caused by severe arthritis, which could not be stopped by various therapy schedules. The actual treatment is the combination of Prednisolone, Chloroquine, Ibuprofen and roentgenotherapy of the hands.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
[Evaluation of the prognostic factors in patients with stage-I and -II ovarian cancer treated by an operation + irradiation variant].
The results of combined treatment (surgery and postoperative radiotherapy) in the group of 240 patients with stage I and II ovarian carcinoma were evaluated. The following factors were found to be important for prognosis: (I) removal of clinically detectable cancer sites during primary surgery (60.7% of 5-year survivals versus 19.4% of cases of surgery described by the surgeon as non-radical); (2) stage of tumor: 62.2% of survivals at stage I as compared with 28.3% at stage II; 73.9% at stage I without changes in the capsule of tumor against 56.9% in the other groups with the same stage; 45.5% at stage IIa versus 22.9% at stages IIb and IIc; (3) low differentiation of ovarian carcinoma which reduces curability to 44.9% in cases of stage I and IIa tumors. Five-year survival rates were higher, though statistically insignificant in those patients with stage Ia(i) and Ib(i) in whom intravaginal radium was applied (81.8%), and in those with stages Ia(ii), Ib(ii) and Ic in whom the whole abdomen was irradiated (64.5%). No statistically significant differences in relation to age, type of surgery, size of tumor identified during the first operation or type of teleradiotherapy (conventional roentgenotherapy or telecobalt therapy) were found.
Carcinoma↗
[Treatment of the early stages of cancer of the lower lip].
464 patients with the lower lip cancer were treated; stage I--in 292, stage II--in 150, stage III and IV--in 22 patients. The vast majority of patients in the stage I and II were given close focal roentgenotherapy on the primary focus. 123 Wanakh operations for the stage I revealed metastases in lymph nodes in 2 patients, 113 Wanakh operations for the stage II showed metastases in 9 cases. The clinical recovery for a 3-year period was noted in 99.4% of cases in stage I without the Wanakh surgery, for a 5-year period--in 92.7%. In the stage II without the surgery the clinical recovery for a 3-year period was noted in 93.8%, for up to 5 years--in 92.7%. In the stage I the Wanakh surgery should be denied, and in the stage II the combination therapy to a full extent is recommended.
Adult↗
[Use of hard-ray roentgen therapy of in the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions].
Construction specifications are given for a hard ray roentgenotherapy device which may be used either for analgesic, antiphlogistic treatment of acute and chronic arthromyopathy or for the treatment of surface or medium depth neoplasias. The advantages of using highly filtered x-rays and the possibility of irradiating at very low DFP are discussed. Applications of this radiotherapeutic method are given.
Breast Neoplasms↗