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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Air pollution and respiratory tract diseases in students. A comparison within Germany].

Recent studies in Germany after re-unification did not show any a link between air-pollution and the prevalence of asthma. The data indicate that there is a tendency for increasing rates of allergic rhinitis and asthma-related symptoms in the eastern part of Germany. It is not clear whether this is due to a true increase in morbidity or a higher sensitivity to environmental problems in the public and among the doctors. However, there are observations compatible with the hypothesis that viral respiratory RSV infections early in childhood somehow prevent the expression of allergic disease later in life. On the other hand the increasing rate of asthmatic disease is due to later childhood RV-infections in children displaying allergic rhinitis. These risks childhood asthma need more detailed attention interest in future studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Respiratory tract disease and hearing loss. Preliminary report.

Hearing losses at 14 years of age were investigated in a questionnaire administered to 11,780 children born in Northern Finland in 1966 and followed up since pregnancy. Two samples of the whole material, one representing a sample of 413 children who reported impaired hearing and the other of 959 children who reported normal hearing, were calculated to represent a total material of 11,748 cases. Marked hearing loss, PTA greater than 25 dB in the better ear, was found in 64 children, minor loss, 4 kHz threshold greater than 20 dB in the better ear, in 420 children and slight abnormality, threshold greater than 20 dB at any frequency in 1,224 cases. Ear infections and also respiratory tract problems (asthma, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infections etc.) which may be considered as risk factors for them were found to be significantly more predominant in pathological cases. In addition to the expected low frequency hearing losses, significantly more high tone losses were also found in the affected groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Respiratory tract diseases in oyster mushroom cultivators].

Oyster mushrooms are cultivated for human consumption in various subspecies. Their spores are a highly potent allergen, causing an exogenous allergic alveolitis. Relevant early pointers are the typical anamnesis, reduced vital capacity without any signs of obstruction, slight changes on x-ray film, positive immunofluorescence test. Frequent and typical wrong diagnoses during the initial episodes of the disease are: respiratory infection, influenza, pleuritis, type I allergy. So far, antibodies were identified in 76 immunofluorescence tests performed in 98 exposed subjects; 29 of these demonstrated signs of disease. Antibody formation is definitely subspecies-specific. Doubtful cases of "habituation" or negative antibody levels can be explained by a change in subspecies cultivation and hence a different antigen spectrum. The only therapeutically effective method is active prevention at the place of work as well as avoidance or elimination of the causative allergen. Drug treatment is useless. The only effective measure is to certify temporary disability to keep the patient away from the allergen.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of air pollutants on the health of the Annaberg district population with special reference to acute respiratory tract diseases].

From 1978 to 1988 in the district of Annaberg (Saxony, state frontier to Czechoslovakia) investigations were accomplished to assess the state of health in people living there. The southern part of the district rises to a crest (Saxon Ore Mountain). It is influenced by air pollution from Northern Bohemia. The incidence of acute infections of the upper airways showed a remarkable dependence on the degree of air pollution in the age groups up to 18 years, especially in the group of infants. In the polluted area (high overload) the morbidity of infants was 7-fold in relation to the unpolluted area of the district. In the polluted area when temperature was lower than -5 degrees C the incidence of acute respiratory infections in infants closely correlated (r = 0.90) with the concentration of SO2 in ambient air. In the town Annaberg (urban air pollution) the frequency of absence of children from school caused by acute respiratory infections was elvated in relation to the rural parts of the district, but there were no differences among these rural parts. In the polluted area the severe stages of cardiorespiratory diseases were passed through with evident acceleration. In healthy adults living there the mean values for immunoglobulins of class A and class M tended to be elevated, and in school children the antibody titers against influenza A and B were increased.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1990

[Isocyanate-induced respiratory tract diseases in Switzerland].

From 1980 to 1986 the Swiss National Accident Insurance Company (SUVA) recognized isocyanate-induced airway diseases as an occupational illness in 245 cases, which are presented retrospectively. Since isocyanates are widely used they are found at a large variety of workplaces. At present, isocyanates are the most frequent cause of occupational asthma in the Swiss industrial field. After complete avoidance of any further exposure respiratory symptoms persisted or airway obstruction could still be documented in one third of patients. An unfavourable prognosis is significantly associated with the following factors: (1) bronchial obstruction (FEVl/VC) at first pulmonary function test; (2) RAST positive for isocyanates; (3) long latency period between onset of symptoms and end of exposure. Therefore, individuals with isocyanate-induced airway diseases must be immediately removed from any further exposure to these substances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of long-term exposure to street traffic exhaust on the development of skin and respiratory tract diseases in children].

The pathogenesis of allergies can be stimulated by adjuvant effects--i.e. air pollutants such as NOx and particles from diesel engines as well as noise--the latter especially during night-time. During sleep, noise signals which are associated with danger (i.e. lorry noise) have the potential to trigger stress reactions even if the noise level is low. Increases of cortisol in the first half of the night seem to play an important role.--In a blind interview study, the combined effects of chronic exposure to traffic related air pollution and noise, upon the risk of skin and respiratory diseases in children were studied. All children between 5-12 years, who had consulted one of two participating pediatricians were included in the study. The pediatricians' diagnoses of 400 children were analysed together with their parents answers on the density of road traffic on their street and several confounding factors. Multiple regression analyses resulted in relative risks of asthma, chronic bronchitis and neurodermitis, which increased significantly with increasing traffic load. A comparison with the literature on such effects caused by air pollution alone, showed that traffic noise during the night might have an adjuvant effect on the pathogenesis of the mentioned diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Use of rifamethoprim in acute and chronic respiratory tract diseases].

Rifamethoprim is a new formulation containing rifampicin and trimethoprim. Its efficacy was studied in the treatment of a group of patients with various nonspecific diseases of the lungs. It was shown to be highly active against a broad spectrum of pathogens. With inclusion of trimethoprim to the formulation it appeared possible to markedly lower the bacterial ability to develop resistance to rifampicin, which solved the problem of long-term antibiotic use. The unique pharmacokinetic properties of rifampicin such as its capacity to penetrating into the sputum, lung tissues and cells make rifamethoprim be the drug of optimal choice in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchial hyperreactivity and obstructive respiratory tract diseases. A 2.8 year follow-up study].

BACKGROUND: Nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is under discussion as a possible risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHOD: Within the framework of a prospective study, we investigated the course of the disease in 50 inpatients with BHR, and the clinical symptoms of airways disease (coughing, dyspnea and expectoration) with no manifest airways obstruction at rest (Rt < 3.5 cm H2O/l/s) on admission to the hospital. The unspecific inhalative provocation challenge was carried out with metacholine. The presence of BHR was assumed when the resting respiratory resistance (Rt) of < 3.5 cm H2O/l/s increased to more than 6 cm H2O/l/s. On admission to hospital, all the patients were treated with inhalative bronchodilators and glucocorticosteroids. RESULTS: After an average period of 2.8 years, BHR was no longer measurable in only 7 of the patients (14%), while 28 patients (56%) continued to have a BHR with clinical symptomatology presenting. In 15 patients (30%), manifest airways obstruction at rest, with an average Rt of 6.4 cm H2O/l/s developed. In patients with an uncharacteristic cough, dyspnea and unremarkable lung function parameters at rest, a provocation test should be done to identify BHR. A prognosis can, however, not be established on the basis of a single demonstration of BHR, but only after observation over a longer period.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Lung and heart-lung transplantation in respiratory tract diseases. Evaluation and development of the indications based on our first 15 cases].

Since January 1988, the Bordeaux group has performed 15 transplantations for lung disease: 9 heart-lung transplants, 1 heart + left lung, 1 double lung, 2 right lungs and 2 left lungs. The transplantations were performed for pulmonary emphysema (10 cases), pulmonary artery hypertension (2 cases), cystic fibrosis (1 case), pulmonary fibrosis (2 cases). Cardiopulmonary transplantation was not always performed because of associated heart failure but sometimes because of large intrahilar adenopathy or intractable bronchial infection. Pulmonary transplantation is recommended on the right side in cases of pulmonary fibrosis. One patient died postoperatively (ischaemia of the transplant). Four others died during the 2nd and 3rd months from poorly defined but probably infectious pulmonary syndromes. The tracheobronchial patency of the 10 survivors was 80% or 100% of the predicted value. The respiratory functional result was excellent in the short and intermediate term. Specific difficulties essentially consisted of pleural symphyses, hilar adenopathy, bronchial infection, steroid dependence of certain subjects, the difficulty of identifying the cause and treating lung opacities during the 2nd and 3rd months.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

[Epidemiologic aspects of allergic respiratory tract diseases].

There is no doubt today, that allergic diseases of the airways have a considerable genetic background. However it is also evident, that extrinsic factors are more or less responsible for the manifestation of these diseases. Epidemiological studies are an important tool to develop programs for effective prevention measurements. This is necessary to decrease the morbidity and with that also mortality. In principle allergic airway diseases have a very good prognostic outlook, since our present symptomatic therapy as well as the specific immunotherapy are very effective in treating these patients. Another aspect, which has to be considered, is the social economical factor, which signals, that increased mortality is to a great extend dependent on medical judgement and appropriate treatment, especially in the poorer patient population. Another reason for the increased mortality might be the inadequate education of therapists to deal with this type of disease.

Asthma↗
PubMed1998

[Etiology and therapy of obstructive respiratory tract diseases in infancy and early childhood].

Wheezing disorders in early childhood are frequent, nevertheless little is known about their heterogeneous aetiology. In the last few years there has been increasing evidence of antenatal as well as postnatal influences which can make infants more prone to wheezing episodes. This review tries to classify various groups of wheezing disorders based on risk factors such as allergy, developmental differences in airway mechanics or association with viral infections. On this basis the different therapeutic regimens and particularly the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in this age group are discussed. New concepts of anti-inflammatory treatment for croup syndromes are summarised.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

[Role of pneumotachography in the diagnosis and assessment of treatment effectiveness in bronchial dystonia in respiratory tract diseases of dust etiology].

Flow-volume values and their changes in response to salbutamol and methacin inhalations were studied with the help of a pneumotachograph in 69 patients with anthracosilicosis stage I, and in 70 patients with chronic dust bronchitis stages I and II. Pneumotachography was shown to extend diagnostic potentialities in the detection of ventilation insufficiency in patients with dust pulmonary pathology, making it possible to determine not only a degree but also a site of obstructive disorders. Disorders of the sympathetic and parasympathetic bronchial innervation and associated biochemical mechanisms were important in the mechanism of bronchospasm development. Pneumotachography was recommended in combination with bronchospasmolytic drugs of sympathomimetic and cholinolytic action for elucidation of the mechanism of disorders of the bronchial tone, a choice of adequate therapy and assessment of its efficacy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1980

[Thiamphenicol versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in bacterial exacerbations of chronic unspecific respiratory tract diseases. A controlled study].

To document the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) in treating bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and to evaluate the efficacy of thiamphenicol (TAP), 29 patients with chronic bronchial disease were treated for two separate bacterial exacerbations, once with 0.48 g of TMP and 2.4 g SMZ daily, and once with 1.5 g of TAP daily, for 14 days. Patients were evaluated weekly and different measurements, including graded clinical observations, ventilatory tests, sputum measurements, quantitative bacterial counts and blood studies were performed. Side effects were closely monitored. Of the 29 patients entered, 20 finished the trial and hence 40 exacerbations were evaluated. All graded clinical observations were improved by the antimicrobials, whereas no marked change in the ventilatory tests was seen. Of the sputum measurements the daily volume, purulence, numbers of neutrophils and bronchial epithelial cells decreased, as did the numbers of Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci. Of the blood studies the red blood cell count fell by more than 20% of the pretreatment value in 2 patients on TAP and 2 on TMP-SMZ. Using the same criterion, the hemoglobin level fell in 4 patients on TAP and in the hemoglobin level fell in 4 patients on TAP and in 2 patients on TAP-SMZ, while the hematocrit fell in 4 patients on TAP and in 1 on TMP-SMZ. However, all these changes were completely reversible. Minor gastrointestinal side effects were observed in 11 patients receiving TAP, compared to 3 patients on TMP-SMZ. 1 patient on the latter drug experienced a rash at the end of therapy. From the viewpoint of overall clinical assessment, 16 patients improved and 4 remained unchanged during therapy with TAP. The corresponding figures for TMP-SMZ were 17 patients improved, 2 the same and 1 worse at the end of therapy. The average relapse time after TAP was 184 days and after TMP-SMZ 180 days. In conclusion, 80% or more of exacerbations were improved by the two drugs. For all the variables measured, no significant differences were statistically detectable between the two antimicrobials, whether given in the sequence TAP first and TMP-SMZ second, or vice versa.

Adult↗