Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “RESORCINOL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Synthesis and pharmacology of 11-nor-1-methoxy-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols and 11-nor-1-deoxy-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols: new selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor.

Fourteen novel CB2 receptor selective cannabinoids were synthesized via initial Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangement of resorcinol precursors to obtain the cannabinoid moiety. These are the 1-methoxy-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols and the 1-deoxy-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols, with 1',1'-dimethylalkyl side chains of four to seven carbon atoms at C-3 of the cannabinoid nucleus. The cannabinols synthesized and described in this paper all exhibit greater affinity for the CB2 receptor than for the CB1 receptor. Exceptionally high CB2 affinity was observed for 1-deoxy-9beta-hydroxy-dimethylhexylhexahydrocannabinol (JWH-361, 9, n = 3) K(i) = 2.7 nM and 1-deoxy-9beta-hydroxydimethylpentylhexahydrocannabinol (JWH-300, 9, n = 2) K(i) = 5.3 nM. In general, the stereochemistry of the 9-hydroxy group is important and the beta-orientation enhances both CB2 receptor affinity and selectivity.

Cannabinol↗
PubMed2006

Highly potent 3-pyrroline mechanism-based inhibitors of bovine plasma amine oxidase and mass spectrometric confirmation of cofactor derivatization.

Despite the quinone-dependent copper amine oxidases being described as having the ability to metabolize unbranched primary amines to the corresponding aldehydes, we previously showed that the secondary amines 3-pyrrolines are metabolized as mechanism-based inactivators of bovine plasma amine oxidase (BPAO), and that the 3-(3-nitro-4-methoxyphenyl)-substituted analog was a particularly potent and efficient inactivator. We now show that additional 3-aryl-3-pyrrolines containing highly electron-withdrawing aryl groups (pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, and pentafluorophenyl) are some of the most potent inactivators of BPAO reported to date. We also provide mass spectroscopic confirmation of the proposed mechanism of inhibition involving pyrrolylation of the active-site cofactor, through identification by MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS/MS of the (3-arylpyrrol-1-yl)resorcinol derivatives of the cofactor-containing thermolytic peptides.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed2006

Radanamycin, a macrocyclic chimera of radicicol and geldanamycin.

Radicicol and geldanamycin are potent inhibitors of the Hsp90 protein folding machinery, which is an emerging target for the development of cancer chemotherapeutics. However, radicicol is inactive in vivo and geldanamycin suffers from its redox-active behavior that produces toxicity unrelated to Hsp90 inhibition. It was proposed that a chimeric molecule containing the resorcinol ring of radicicol and the quinone of geldanamycin could provide an opportunity to elucidate structure-activity relationships for both natural products and serve as a starting point for the development of more potent inhibitors. Synthesis of the macrocyclic chimera named radanamycin is reported along with the biological activity exhibited by this compound in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Benzoquinones↗
PubMed2004

Biodegradation of phenol and phenol-related compounds by psychrophilic and cold-tolerant alpine yeasts.

We characterized 32 cold-adapted, psychrophilic and cold-tolerant, yeast strains isolated from alpine habitats with regard to their taxonomy, growth temperature profile, and ability to degrade phenol and 18 phenol-related mono-aromatic compounds at 10 degrees C. Twenty of the strains were identified by sequencing of the ribosomal ITS region as seven species of the basidiomycota: Cryptococcus terreus (three strains), Cryptococcus terricola (one strain), Rhodosporidium lusitaniae (two strains), Rhodotorula creatinivora (10 strains), Rhodotorula ingeniosa (one strain), Mastigobasidium intermedium (one strain), and Sporobolomyces roseus (two strains). Twelve strains sharing closely related ITS sequences could not be identified to the species level; according to their ITS sequence they are included in the Microbotryomycetidae. These 12 strains were psychrophilic (no growth at temperatures above 20 degrees C); one-third of these strains did not grow above 15 degrees C. None of the 32 strains utilized any of the highly volatile mono-aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, nitrobenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) as the sole carbon source. Non/low volatile aromatic compounds were degraded in the following order: phenol>hydroquinone>resorcinol>benzoate>catechol>salicylate>>p-cresol>m-cresol. o-Cresol, guaiacol, p-nitrophenol, or p-nitrotoluene were not utilized for growth. R. creatinivora strains degraded up to seven compounds, whereas C. terricola and S. roseus strains degraded only two compounds. The toxicity of the compounds was determined via growth inhibition in the presence of toxicants and nutrients at 10 degrees C. R. creatinivora strains were characterized by higher IC50 values than other species, S. roseus was the most sensitive species. The most toxic compounds were the xylene isomers, ethylbenzene, p-nitrophenol, and m-cresol. There was a relation between the chemical structure of the compounds and their toxicity, whereas a relation between the toxicity of the compounds and the ability of the yeasts strains to utilize these compounds for growth was only detected in some cases.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of bioavailable phenols from natural samples by recombinant luminescent bacterial sensors.

A whole-cell recombinant bacterial sensor for the detection of phenolic compounds was constructed and used for the analysis of bioavailable phenols in natural samples. The sensor Pseudomonas fluorescens OS8(pDNdmpRlux) contains luxCDABE operon as a reporter under the control of phenol-inducible Po promoter from Pseudomonas sp. CF600. Expression of lux genes from the Po promoter, and thus the production of bioluminescence is controlled by the transcriptional activator DmpR, which initiates transcription in the presence of phenolic compounds. To take into account possible quenching (turbidity, toxicity) and/or stimulating effects of the environmental samples on the bacterial luminescence, control bacteria comparable to the sensors but lacking the phenol recognising elements were constructed and used in parallel in assays. The sensor bacteria were inducible with phenol, methylphenols, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,6- and 3,4-dimethylphenol, resorcinol and 5-methylresorcinol but not with 2,5-dimethylresorcinol. The detection limits for different phenols varied from 0.03 mg/l (2-methylphenol) to 42.7 mg/l (5-methylresorcinol), being 0.08 mg/l for phenol, the most abundant phenolic contaminant in the environment. Different phenolic compounds had an additive effect on the inducibility of the sensor. The constructed sensor bacteria were applied on groundwaters and semi-coke leachates to estimate the bioavailable fraction of phenols. The sensor-determined amount of phenols in different samples varied from 6% to 95% of total phenol content depending on the nature of the sample. As the phenol-recognising unit in the sensor originates from a natural phenol biodegradation pathway, the sensor-determined amount of phenols corresponds to the biodegradable amount of phenolic pollutants in the samples and therefore this sensor could be used to estimate the natural biodegradation potential of phenolic compounds in the complex environmental mixtures and matrixes.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2004

Determination of trace metallic impurities in high-purity quartz by ion chromatography.

A method has been developed for the determination of relevant trace impurities (alkali, alkaline and transition metals) in high purity quartz by ion-chromatography. In situ reagent (HF) purification and simultaneous sample dissolution was achieved in a multichannel vapour phase digestion assembly. Twenty-one samples can be digested at a time in this vapour phase system. Significant decrease in the process blank levels for all the analytes was observed. Drastic reduction (250 times) of NH4+ blank was achieved in the described vapour phase digestion, which enables the determination of trace concentration of sodium in high purity quartz. After volatilisation of the matrix and unreacted HF, the clear water leached solutions were injected into an ion-chromatograph equipped with conductivity detector for the determination of alkali and alkaline earth metals. In the case of transition metals, the trace residues were leached with 10 mM HCl and after separation on a mixed bed analytical column (IonPac CS5) were detected by spectrophotometry after post column derivatisation using 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR). The accuracy of the result was checked by their comparison with those obtained by independent methods like inductively coupled plasma (ICP) MS and ICP atomic emission spectrometry. The achievable detection limits are between 0.4 ng/g (Li) and 22 ng/g (Mn). The application of the method to the determination of the above trace metals in two high-purity-grade quartz samples is demonstrated.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed2006

Chromatographic separation of certain metal ions using a bifunctional quaternary ammonium-sulfonate mixed bed ion-exchanger.

The separation behaviour of Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+) and Ni(2+) on bifunctional quaternary ammonium-sulfonate mixed ion-exchangers (Dionex, IonPac CS5 and CG5) was studied using different eluents including solutions of oxalic acid, potassium oxalate, sodium oxalate and ammonium oxalate. Separated metal ions were followed by using 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) as post-colouring complex. The retention factors of different ions proved to be dependent on the pH, concentration, nature of each complexing agent, and to less extent on eluent flow rate. The retention behaviour and separation mechanism of complexed metal analytes are discussed in the light of the stability of metal complexes and the ligand complexing ability of used eluent. Comparison between various mobile phases is evaluated, and both sodium and potassium oxalate can be used successfully for simultaneous separation of studied metals with good resolution within short elution periods. The method can be used in different applications including analysis of bottled water from different resources.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of highly-fluorinated chloroformates as direct aqueous sample derivatizing agents for hydrophilic analytes and drinking-water disinfection by-products.

Four highly-fluorinated alkyl and aryl chloroformates, including 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl chloroformate (OFPCF), 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl chloroformate (PFBCF), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-1-octyl chloroformate (TDFOCF), and 2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)-ethyl chloroformate (PFPECF), were synthesized and tested as reagents for the direct water derivatization of polar and hydrophilic analytes. The goal of this research was to develop an optimal derivatizing agent to aid in the identification of highly polar ozonation drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are believed to be missed with current analytical procedures. The chemical properties (reactivity, selectivity, derivatization products, and their chromatographic and spectral features) for the four chloroformates were investigated using a set of highly polar standard analytes, including malic and tartaric acids, hydroxylamine, valine, 2-aminoethanol, resorcinol, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Upon derivatization, the analytes were extracted from the aqueous solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) in the electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode. Positive chemical ionization (PCI)-MS was used for confirmation of molecular ions that were weak or absent in ECNI mass spectra. Of the four derivatizing reagents tested, OFPCF showed the best performance, with good reaction efficiency, good chromatographic and spectroscopic properties, low detection limits (10-100 fmol), and a linear response more than two orders of magnitude. Further, the entire procedure from raw aqueous sample to ready-to-inject hexane solutions of the derivatives requires less than 10 min. PFBCF showed ideal applicability for derivatizing aminoalcohols and aminoacids. The two chloroformates with the highest intrinsic stability (TDFOCF and PFPECF) failed to derivatize some of the analytes. Finally, the OFPCF derivatizing agent was tested with simulated ozonated drinking water (aqueous fulvic acid treated with ozone), and three highly polar reaction by-products were determined.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Recycling of agricultural solid waste, coir pith: removal of anions, heavy metals, organics and dyes from water by adsorption onto ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon.

The abundant lignocellulosic agricultural waste, coir pith is used to develop ZnCl(2) activated carbon and applied to the removal of toxic anions, heavy metals, organic compounds and dyes from water. Sorption of inorganic anions such as nitrate, thiocyanate, selenite, chromium(VI), vanadium(V), sulfate, molybdate, phosphate and heavy metals such as nickel(II) and mercury(II) has been studied. Removal of organics such as resorcinol, 4-nitrophenol, catechol, bisphenol A, 2-aminophenol, quinol, O-cresol, phenol and 2-chlorophenol has also been investigated. Uptake of acidic dyes such as acid brilliant blue, acid violet, basic dyes such as methylene blue, rhodamine B, direct dyes such as direct red 12B, congo red and reactive dyes such as procion red, procion orange were also examined to assess the possible use of the adsorbent for the treatment of contaminated ground water. Favorable conditions for maximum removal of all adsorbates at the adsorbate concentration of 20 mg/L were used. Results show that ZnCl(2) activated coir pith carbon is effective for the removal of toxic pollutants from water.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

An on-line pre-concentration system for determination of cadmium in drinking water using FAAS.

In the present paper, a minicolumn of polyurethane foam loaded with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) is proposed as pre-concentration system for cadmium determination in drinking water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimization step was performed using two-level full factorial design and Doehlert matrix, involving the variables: sampling flow rate, elution concentration, buffer concentration and pH. Using the established experimental conditions in the optimization step of: pH 8.2, sampling flow rate 8.5 mL min(-1), buffer concentration 0.05 mol L(-1) and elution concentration of 1.0 mol L(-1), this system allows the determination of cadmium with detection limit (LD) (3sigma/S) of 20.0 ng L(-1) and quantification limit (LQ) (10sigma/S) of 64 ng L(-1), precision expressed as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 5.0 and 4.7% for cadmium concentration of 5.0 and 40.0 microg L(-1), respectively, and a pre-concentration factor of 158 for a sample volume of 20.0 mL. The accuracy was confirmed by cadmium determination in the standard reference material, NIST SRM 1643d trace elements in natural water. This procedure was applied for cadmium determination in drinking water samples collected from Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil. For five samples analyzed, the achieved concentrations varied from 0.31 to 0.86 microg L(-1).

Cadmium↗
PubMed2004

Zn-, Cd-, and Pb-transcription factor IIIA: properties, DNA binding, and comparison with TFIIIA-finger 3 metal complexes.

Properties of the metal ion binding sites of Zn-transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) were investigated to understand the potential of this type of zinc finger to undergo reactions that remove Zn(2+) from the protein. Zn-TFIIIA was purified from E. coli containing the cloned sequence for Xenopus laevis oocyte TFIIIA and its stoichiometry of bound Zn(2+) was shown to depend on the details of the isolation process. The average dissociation constant of Zn(2+) in Zn-TFIIIIA was 10(-7). The dissociation constant for Zn-F3, the third finger from the N-terminus of TFIIIA, was 1.0 x 10(-8). The reactivity of Zn-TFIIIA with a series of metal binding ligands, including 2-carboxy-2'-hydroxy-5'-sulfoformazylbenzene (zincon), 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR), and 3-ethoxy-2-oxo-butyraldehyde-bis-(N(4)-dimethylthiosemicarbazone) (H(2)KTSM(2)) revealed similar kinetics. The reactivity of PAR with Zn-TFIIIA declined substantially when the protein was bound to the internal control region (ICR) of the 5S ribosomal DNA. Both Cd(2+) and Pb(2+) disrupt TFIIIA binding to its cognate DNA sequence. The Pb(2+) dissociation constant of Pb-F3 was measured as 2.5 x 10(-8). According to NMR spectroscopy, F3 does not fold into a regular conformation in the presence of Pb(2+).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

The effect of plasticisers on "sulphate supply" enzymes.

Sulphation is important in xenobiotic detoxification and in steroid and thyroid hormones synthesis, transport and metabolism. Potential endocrine disrupting actions of plasticisers were assessed by studying effects on cell viability, cell proliferation and expression of enzymes (cysteine dioxygenase, sulphite oxidase, PAPS synthase I and II) involved in the synthesis of the cofactor, PAPS, for steroid sulphotransferases. TE 671 cells were used to study the effects of exposure to alkylphenols and alkylphenolethoxylates, bisphenol A, bisphenol A methacrylate, alkyladipates, dialkyl phthalates and resorcinol. The lactate dehydrogenase assay and CellTiter 96) AQ(ueous) One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay were used to measure cytotoxicity and cell proliferation, respectively. Steady-state mRNA was assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR. None of the compounds tested was cytotoxic in TE 671 cells, however, cell proliferation was significantly increased with 0.005-0.5 microM dioctyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate (DIP) and butylbenzyl phthalate (P<0.05, n = 4). Real time RT-PCR showed dose-dependent decreases in steady-state mRNA levels of all the enzymes studied (P<0.05, n = 4) with 0.005-0.5 microM octylphenol, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and DIP treatment. Endocrine disrupting effects of some plasticisers may be a consequence of modulation of expression of enzymes supplying PAPS for hormone sulphation.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2005

Yeast DEL assay detects clastogens.

Chromosomal rearrangements, including DNA deletions are involved in carcinogenesis. The deletion (DEL) assay scoring for DNA deletions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to detect a wide range of carcinogens. Among approximately 60 compounds of known carcinogenic activity, the DEL assay detected 86% correctly whereas the Ames Salmonella assay detected only 30% correctly [R.J. Brennan, R.H. Schiestl, Detecting carcinogens with the yeast DEL assay, Methods Mol. Biol. 262 (2004) 111-124]. Since the DEL assay is highly inducible by DNA double strand breaks, this study examined the utility of the DEL assay for detecting clastogens. Ten model compounds, with varied mechanisms of genotoxicity, were examined for their effect on the frequency of DNA deletions with the DEL assay. The compounds tested were: actinomycin D, camptothecin, methotrexate and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, which are anticancer agents, noscapine and furosemide are therapeutics, acridine, methyl acrylate and resorcinol are industrial chemicals and diazinon is an insecticide. The in vitro micronucleus assay (IVMN) in CHO cells, a commonly used tool for detection of clastogens, was performed on the same compounds and the results of the two assays were compared. The results of our study show that there is 70% concordance in the presence of metabolic activation (rat liver S9) and 80% concordance in the absence of metabolic activation between the DEL assay and the standard in vitro micronucleus assay. The lack of cytotoxicity observed for four of the ten compounds examined indicates limited diffusion of lipophilic compounds across the yeast cell wall. Thus, the development of a more permeable yeast tester strain is expected to greatly improve concordance of the DEL assay with the IVMN assay. The yeast DEL assay is inexpensive, amenable to automation and requires less expertise to perform than the IVMN. Thus, it has a strong potential as a robust, fast and economical screen for detecting clastogens in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Molecular cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis--a novel Class II A tetramer.

The Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fda, Rv0363c) from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV was subcloned in the Escherichia coli vector pT7-7 and purified to near homogeneity. The specific activity (35 U/mg) is approximately 9 times higher than previously reported for the enzyme partially purified from the pathogen. Attempts to express the enzyme with an N-terminal fusion tag yielded inactive, mostly insoluble protein. The native recombinant enzyme is zinc-dependent and has a catalytic efficiency for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cleavage higher than most Class II aldolases characterized to date. The aldolase has a Km of 20 microM, a kcat of 21 s(-1), and a pH optimum of 7.8. The molecular mass of the enzyme subunits as determined by mass spectrometry is in agreement with the mass calculated on the basis of its gene sequence minus the terminal methionine, 36,413 Da. The enzyme is a homotetramer and retains only two zinc ions per tetramer when transferred to a metal-free buffer, as determined by ICP-MS and by a colorimetric assay using 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) as a chelator. The E. coli expression system reported in this study will facilitate the further characterization of this enzyme and the screening for potential inhibitors.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2005

Absorption spectrometric and thermodynamic study of charge transfer complexes of menadione (Vitamin K3) with a series of phenols.

The electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions between menadione (i.e., 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, which is also called 'Vitamin K3') and a series of phenols (viz., phenol, resorcinol and p-quinol) have been studied in CCl4 medium. In all the cases, charge transfer (CT) bands have been located. The CT transition energies (h nu(CT)) of the complexes are found to change systematically with change in the number and position of the -OH groups in the aromatic ring of the phenol moiety. From the trends in the h nu(CT) values, the Hückel parameters (h(O) and k(C-O)) for the -OH group have been obtained. The CT transition energies are well correlated with the ionisation potentials of the phenols. From an analysis of this variation the electron affinity of Vitamin K3 has been found to be 2.28 eV. The stoichiometry of the complexes in each case has been found to be 1(menadione):2 (phenol). Formation constants of the complexes have been determined at four different temperatures from which the enthalpies and entropies of formation of the complexes have been estimated.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2004

Enhancement of the biodegradability of aromatic groundwater contaminants.

Groundwater (GW) from the Bitterfeld industrial region, Central Germany, is contaminated mainly with monochlorobenzene (MCB). Accordingly, current research addresses the development of feasible in situ groundwater remediation technologies. Although easily degradable under aerobic conditions, MCB persists in the essentially anaerobic Bitterfeld aquifer. Therefore, we focused on primary oxidation of MCB and the subsequent anaerobic biodegradability of MCB oxidation products by the indigenous microbial community. In groundwater microcosms, most efficient MCB removal was observed upon treatment with Fenton's reagent (H2O2 + Fe2+), which produces the highly reactive hydroxyl radical and Fe3+ simultaneously. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis following different treatments suggested respective shifts of the microbial community compositions, and indicated that Fenton's reagent had a rather beneficial than an adverse effect on biomass development. Potential metabolites of hydroxyl radical attack on MCB such as chlorohydroquinone, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, and phenol were anaerobically degraded by the groundwater microbial community under Fe3+ -reducing conditions.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2005

Effect of additives on ultrasonic degradation of phenol.

Sonication for phenol degradation has proved to be an attractive process over the years at least on a laboratory scale but the rates of phenol degradation under sonication have always been quite low. The present work investigates the use of simple additives such as salt and carbon tetrachloride as process intensifying parameters with an aim of reduction in the treatment times and hence the cost of operation. The intermediates formed in the degradation process have been analyzed and it has been observed that these intermediates degrade faster as compared to phenol. A hybrid technique of ozonation coupled with cavitation has also been investigated with an objective of finding the optimum conditions for the combination of ozonation and cavitation for synergistic effects. Analysis of the intermediates for the combination treatment scheme also indicates that the intermediates (hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, maleic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, etc.) are more biodegradable prompting a possible combination of cavitation with aerobic oxidation for large scale treatment of phenol containing waste.

Carbon Tetrachloride↗
PubMed2006

Degradation of phenolic compounds with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by enzyme from Serratia marcescens AB 90027.

In this paper, the degradation of phenolic compounds using hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer and the enzyme extract from Serratia marcescens AB 90027 as catalyst was reported. With such an enzyme/H2O2 combination treatment, a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was achieved, e.g., degradation of hydroquinone exceeded 96%. From UV-visible and IR spectra, the degradation mechanisms were judged as a process of phenyl ring cleavage. HPLC analysis shows that in the degradation p-benzoquinone, maleic acid and oxalic acid were formed as intermediates and that they were ultimately converted to CO2 and H2O. With the enzyme/H2O2 treatment, vanillin, hydroquinone, catechol, o-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, phloroglucinol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were readily degraded, whereas the degradation of phenol, salicylic acid, resorcinol, p-cholorophenol and p-nitrophenol were limited. Their degradability was closely related to the properties and positions of their side chain groups. Electron-donating groups, such as -OH, -NH2 and -OCH3 enhanced the degradation, whereas electron-withdrawing groups, such as -NO2, -Cl and -COOH, had a negative effect on the degradation of these compounds in the presence of enzyme/H2O2. Compounds with -OH at ortho and para positions were more readily degraded than those with -OH at meta positions.

Catalysis↗