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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Screening for cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of Peru using portable ultrasonography and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus is a major public health problem in sheep-raising regions of the World. This study compared portable ultrasound with the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay as screening methods to estimate the prevalence of human CE in a remote village in the Peruvian Andes. Three hundred eighty-nine villagers were examined by portable ultrasound and blood samples were drawn by venipuncture. Sera were collected and tested for antibodies against CE using an EITB assay. Cystic lesions were classified based on their ultrasound morphologic characteristics. The prevalence of human CE using portable ultrasound and the EITB assay were 4.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Fifty-three percent of subjects with CE were EITB positive. Portable ultrasound was well received by the community, augmented CE detection and allowed a faster estimate of human infection than the EITB assay.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The partial sequencing of the genomic RNA of a UK isolate of Pepino mosaic virus and the comparison of the coat protein sequence with other isolates from Europe and Peru.

A 3599 nucleotide portion of the genomic RNA of a UK isolate of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), isolated from tomato, has been sequenced (Accession No. AF340024). The region sequenced includes the 3'-end of the RNA polymerase, the triple gene block (TGB), the coat protein (CP) and 3' untranslated region (UTR). In addition, the CP sequences of another 15 PepMV isolates, including 14 European tomato isolates and a Peruvian pepino isolate, have been determined and compared. This analysis shows that all the tomato isolates share over 99% identity, but only between 96-97% identity with the Peruvian pepino isolate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Stuttering in Lima, Peru: a qualitative case study of current concepts, theories, and treatment facilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate within an ethnographic framework, certain cultural variables which may be factors in the etiology and presentation of stuttering as well as in the care provided for those who stutter. An assessment was made of the cultural influences upon the following variables of the transcultural investigation of stuttering: 1) epidemiological characteristics of stuttering; 2) attitudes of the stutterer and the stutterer's family, friends, therapists towards the defect; 3) cultural expectations which may be part of the etiology/perpetuation of the problem of stuttering, including an examination of these cultural expectations within the context of the stutterer's past and present home, work, and recreational lifestyles: 4) current theories and therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of Leishmania species from Peru.

Twenty-six isolates of Leishmania parasites of Peruvian origin were studied by isoenzyme electrophoresis of four marker enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, G6PD and GPI), kinetoplast DNA hybridization and monoclonal antibody binding and compared with marker strains of the New World organisms L. b. braziliensis, L. b. guyanensis, L. m. mexicana and L. m. amazonensis. 12 of the isolates studied were of Andean origin; 11 of these were isolated from patients with Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis. The organisms originating from the Peruvian Amazonian forest were isolated from patients with cutaneous (12 cases) or mucocutaneous (2 cases) leishmaniasis. One of the Andean isolates was obtained from an infected phlebotomine vector. 25 of the new isolates were identified as L. braziliensis ssp. according to the three techniques employed. The results of monoclonal antibody binding showed that 23 of the isolates were indistinguishable from L. b. braziliensis. Two isolates identified as L. braziliensis ssp. according to their isoenzyme profiles and k-DNA hybridization patterns could not be classified at the subspecies level. The isolate obtained from the phlebotomine vector could not be identified. No evidence of the existence of parasites of the L. mexicana complex in Peruvian territory was found in this study. The results obtained show a remarkable similarity between Leishmania of Andean origin and L. b. braziliensis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural Leishmania infection of Lutzomyia spp. in Peru.

Natural infection of Lutzomyia spp. with Leishmania was studied with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Chaute, Lima, Perú, a locality endemic for Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis (uta). The PCR, with primers specific for the L. braziliensis complex, was applied to sandfly pools. Sandflies were sampled from April 1990 to May 1991 with CDC light traps in homes, and from near homes with a Shannon trap using protected human bait. Lu. verrucarum (4 pools) and Lu. peruenis (2 pools) from the anthropophilic collections, and Lu. verrucarum (2 pools) from indoors were found to be infected with Leishmania. The majority of infected sandflies were recorded mainly in April 1991 (4 pools), coinciding with the highest sandfly densities and the maximum number of new cases of uta (7). Non-infected sandflies were found from May to October 1990 and January to March 1991. Thus, these 2 sandfly species play a role in the spread of leishmaniasis among humans and other animals in Chaute.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cholera in Peru.

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Cholera↗
PubMed1996

Immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of one dose of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine and serotype 1 and 2 human-rhesus rotavirus reassortants in children from Lima, Peru.

In a four cell trial, a single 10(4) plaque-forming unit dose of rhesus rotavirus (RRV) vaccine (serotype G3), a human rotavirus-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine with serotype G1 specificity, a similar vaccine with serotype G2 specificity, or a placebo was administered with buffer orally at 2 months of age to 800 Peruvian infants. Only the RRV vaccine was associated with a febrile response (< 38 degrees C) that occurred in 9% of the infants on day 4 after vaccination. Diarrhea or other side-effects were not associated with administration of vaccine. Vaccine strains were shed by only 12-18% of the infants as determined by examination of a single stool specimen obtained on days 4 or 5 after vaccination. Fifty per cent of vaccines developed an IgA ELISA seroresponse; however, a serotype-specific seroresponse by plaque reduction neutralization was demonstrated in < 20% of the participants against each of the three candidate vaccine strains. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated by twice-weekly home surveillance for diarrheal diseases during 24 months post-immunization. Rotavirus diarrheal episodes were identified by ELISA. Only the RRV vaccine had a significant protective efficacy (29%, p = 0.03, chi-square test) against rotavirus diarrhea. Analysis of vaccine efficacy against rotavirus episodes of any severity in which no other enteropathogen was isolated showed a trend towards higher vaccine efficacy. In addition, a similar trend was observed in rotavirus-only episodes in which there was some degree of dehydration or when health services were utilized. Serotype G1 or G2 rotavirus strains were most prevalent during surveillance. Neither serotype G1 or serotype G2 vaccines were protective against serotype 1 or 2 rotavirus diarrhea, respectively. The serotype G2 vaccine was 84% protective against serotype 1 and 2 dehydrating rotavirus diarrhea in the small numbers of individuals evaluated. We conclude that one dose of 10(4) p.f.u. of the RRV, serotype G1, or serotype G2 rotavirus vaccine failed to induce either an adequate serotype-specific seroresponse or serotype-specific protection in children immunized at 2 months of age. Only the RRV vaccine induced a low level of protection against rotavirus diarrhea mainly of serotype G1 specificity. Future studies need to explore whether higher vaccine dose and/or more than one dose would increase the immunogenicity and efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine, especially in developing countries with a high level of baseline rotavirus antibodies.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1996

Hemoglobin affinity and structure in high-altitude and sea-level carnivores from Peru.

We compared hemoglobin affinity (P50) and structure of high altitude (HA) carnivores with populations of the same species or genus living at sea level (SL). P50 was measured in cats, pumas and foxes. It differed in animals occupying both niches. SL: cat 29.3 torr, puma 36.3 torr, fox 26.2 torr; HA: cat 22.5 torr, puma 31.1 torr, fox 18.5 torr. Heme and globins were fractionated by HPLC. Puma and fox hemoglobins also showed structural differences. P50 is lower in genotypically HA-adapted species studied and can differentiate SL and HA populations of the same species.

Altitude↗
PubMed1984

The concept of plants as teachers among four mestizo shamans of Iquitos, northeastern Peru.

In the city of Iquitos and its vicinity there is even today a rich tradition of folk medicine. Practitioners, some of whom qualify as shamans, make an important contribution to the psychosomatic health of the inhabitants of this area. Among them there are those called vegetalistas or plant specialists and who use a series of plants called doctores or plant teachers. It is their belief that if they fulfill certain conditions of isolation and follow a prescribed diet, these plants are able to "teach" them how to diagnose and cure illnesses, how to perform other shamanic tasks, usually through magic melodies or icaros, and how to use medicinal plants. Four shamans were questioned about the nature and identity of these magic plants, what are the dietary prescriptions to be followed, how the transmission of shamanic power takes place, the nature of their helping spirits, and the function of the magic melodies or icaros given to them by the plant teachers.

Diet↗
PubMed1996

An ethnobotanical study of the traditional medicine of the Mestizo people of Suni Miraño, Loreto, Peru.

Research on the ethnobotany of Mestizos in Suni Miraño in 1994 documented 60 plant species used for medicinal purposes. Some cultural data on traditional healing and etiology were also collected. Of these 60 species, 31 were submitted to antibacterial and antifungal assays in the presence and absence of UV light and a number of species were shown to be active.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗