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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Physiology of blood flow and oxygen utilization by peripheral tissue in circulatory shock.

The primary defect that characterizes circulatory shock is acute perfusion failure, in which oxygen metabolism is critically impaired by decreased delivery of oxygen to tissues. Four categories of hemodynamic deficits are described as the basic mechanisms of circulatory shock: hypovolemia, cardiac failure, distributive deficits, and vascular obstruction. Perfusion failure can be identified by the development of lactic acidosis, because anaerobic metabolism is the consequence of the oxygen deficit during circulatory failure. Lactic acidosis at present represents the best single objective measure of the severity of shock.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal sympathectomy compromises development of responses of ornithine decarboxylase to hormonal stimulation in peripheral tissues.

The onset of sympathetic innervation has been shown to play a role in the development of postsynaptic reactivity to stimulation. In the current study, we examined whether this relationship extends to responses evoked by hormonal stimuli. Rats denervated at birth by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment showed an impaired ability of vasopressin or angiotensin to stimulate cardiac ornithine decarboxylase activity. In the kidney, responsiveness was affected only for vasopressin and in the lung denervation had only transient effects on the hormonal responses. These results confirm that sympathetic input is required for proper development of some, but not all hormonal responses; the tissue specificity suggests a role of neural factors selective for cardiac development.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic activities of TL-99 in peripheral tissues in vitro.

The dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic activities of TL-99 were investigated using in vitro preparations including cat right atria, guinea-pig atria, rat vas deferens and rabbit aortic strip. TL-99 was found to be as potent as clonidine as a stimulant of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors of noradrenaline nerve endings in guinea-pig atria and rat vas deferens. In the cat right atria, TL-99 preferently stimulates presynaptic dopamine receptors. The involvement of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptor stimulation in TL-99-induced inhibition of tachycardic response to transmural stimulation in cat right atria is not clear. TL-99 is one thousand times less active as a stimulant of alpha-1 adrenoceptors of rabbit aorta than as a stimulant of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors of guinea-pig atria and rat deferens. Data from this manuscript as well as reports in the literature strongly suggest that TL-99 may interact with both alpha 2-adrenoceptors as well as dopamine receptors. The selectivity for receptor-type depends on test conditions, species variations and organ selectivity. The significance of these findings with TL-99 is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Identification of fibroblasts as a major site of albumin catabolism in peripheral tissues.

Rat serum albumin has been labeled with dilactitol-125I-tyramine, (125I-DLT) a radioactive tracer which remains entrapped within lysosomes following cellular uptake and degradation of the carrier protein. Similar kinetics of clearance from the rat circulation were observed for albumin labeled conventionally with 125I or 125I-DLT-albumin, both proteins having circulating half-lives of approximately 2.2 days. In contrast, the recovery of whole body radioactivity had half-lives of approximately 2.2 and 5.1 days, respectively, for the two protein preparations, indicating substantial retention of degradation products derived from catabolism of 125I-DLT-albumin. Measurement of total and acid-soluble radioactivity in tissues 2 or 4 days after injection of 125I-DLT-albumin revealed that skin and muscle accounted for the largest fraction (50-60%) of degradation products in the body. Fibroblasts were identified by autoradiography as the major cell type containing radioactive degradation products in skin and muscle. Fibroblasts were isolated from skin by collagenase digestion, followed by density gradient centrifugation. The amount of acid-soluble radioactivity recovered in these cells was in excellent agreement with that predicted based on acid precipitation of solubilized whole skin preparations. These studies demonstrate for the first time that fibroblasts are a major cell type involved in the degradation of albumin in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Recommendations for the routine noninvasive functional evaluation of O2 dynamics in peripheral tissue].

Under intermittent hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation the oxygen dynamics in tissue areas may be determined easily and quickly, non-operatively, almost without risk and almost without pain by determination of the behaviour of the transcutaneously measured arterial oxygen partial pressure (tc pO2). The principle and realization of the method termed hypoxia test is proposed and described as a supplementary functional test. For practical utilization in out-patients and routine conditions the hypoxia and reoxygenation speeds are defined as new quantities. The preliminary character of the statement is emphasized. The proposed method is still subject to standardization.

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional activity of the thyroid gland and distribution of its hormones in peripheral tissues under experimental liver disease].

Experimental acute toxic hepatitis causes functional reconstruction of the thyroid gland accompanied by intensified levels of total iodine and its hormonal compounds in blood. In most of non-thyroid tissues a decrease in the total and hormonal iodine content is revealed, but in kidneys these indices are considerably higher. The level of the nonhormonal iodine compounds in blood and tissues under study does not essentially vary and only in the liver, heart and lungs the expressed lowering of inorganic iodides is observed.

Animals↗