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PubMed2001

Endocrine tumors.

Because of the diverse nature of endocrine organs, and their vast range of physiologic functions, endocrine tumors encompass a wide range of origination sites and disease entities. The clinical picture of affected individuals is highly dependent on the tissue of origin, and the presence or absence of functional hormone secretions. Identification, localization, and therapeutic strategies, as well as prognosis can vary greatly. Many endocrine tumors have been described in human as well as veterinary patients. This article focuses on endocrine tumors of dogs and cats. Various tumors affecting the pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands are described, including insulinoma, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, and thyroid carcinoma, as well as parathyroid hormone- and growth hormone-secreting tumors. The syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia is also described.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Tc-99m sestamibi imaging of a pancreatic VIPoma and parathyroid adenoma in a patient with multiple type I endocrine neoplasia.

Technetium-99m sestamibi is known to localize in primary malignant and metastatic tumors. Specifically, brain, breast, thyroid, parathyroid, lung, and kidney tumors have been imaged. The Verner Morrison syndrome, which is caused by excessive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), consists of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria. This condition is rarely associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia. The authors present a case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I with visualization of a pancreatic VIPoma and parathyroid adenoma with Tc-99m MIBI.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

A case of adenocarcinoma of the lung associated with a neck mass and hypercalcemia.

The case of hypercalcemia secondary to metastasis to a benign parathyroid adenoma is reported. The patient had documented lung adenocarcinoma with multiple bone metastases and a mass in the lower anterior neck for at least 5 months before hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia resistant to treatment developed. Autopsy revealed widespread metastatic disease including metastatic tumor invading a benign parathyroid adenoma. The analysis of four cases of metastatic cancer spread to a benign parathyroid adenoma reported previously revealed that two of them also had hypercalcemia during a late stage of the disease. There are data that the incidence of metastases to parathyroid gland might be as high as 11.9%, and the incidence of parathyroid adenomas in patients with cancer is significantly higher than in controls. The metastases to benign parathyroid adenomas might be another mechanism of hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Cyclin D1 in human neuroendocrine: tumorigenesis.

Human neuroendocrine tumors exhibit unique biological properties, and defining the molecular genetic alterations that underlie these distinctive features remains an important challenge. In addition to the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, the cyclin D1 oncogene has demonstrated a role in the pathogenesis of parathyroid and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Up-regulation of cyclin D1 is observed early in tumor formation, implying a possible role in tumor initiation. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in the parathyroid glands of mice resulted in the tandem regulation of cellular proliferation and hormonal secretion, a feature intrinsic to neuroendocrine tumors.

Cyclin D1↗