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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A crude cytotoxin vaccine protects sheep against experimental Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A2 infection.

Three vaccines containing Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A2 antigens were tested for their ability to protect sheep against a homologous challenge. A crude cytotoxin preparation in combination with a sodium salicylate extract (SSE) or crude cytotoxin alone were highly protective (98 and 86%, respectively), whereas SSE alone was poorly (47%) protective. These findings indicated that the crude cytotoxin was an essential component of a protective vaccine. Protection correlated with serum cytotoxin-neutralising (CN) titres and bactericidal activity, which were stimulated by antigens in the crude cytotoxin preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Bactericidal activity in the sera of mice vaccinated with Pasteurella multocida type A.

The susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida to killing by serum and the ability of protective vaccines to stimulate this mechanism of immunity in mice were investigated. P. multocida type of bovine origin was used to prepare a vaccine incorporating heat killed organisms and for homologous infection of mice. Bactericidal capacity and ELISA antibody titres were determined for individual mouse sera. Protection was clearly associated with bactericidal antibodies raised by vaccination. The bactericidal assay may be useful as a rapid, simple screening test of vaccinated mice for functional protective antibody levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The influence of growth conditions of Pasteurella multocida on its ability to colonise the nasal mucosa of SPF piglets.

Colonisation of type D Pasteurella multocida was studied in five groups of seven SPF piglets each. Piglets of Group 1 were kept together with seven 5-week-old piglets obtained from a large herd infected with toxigenic P. multocida for 16 weeks (contact infection). These piglets were made free from toxigenic Bordetella bronchiseptica by local immunisation. Piglets of Group 2 were inoculated with 5 x 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) of P. multocida washed from the nasal mucosa of piglets free from toxigenic B. bronchiseptica with fetal calf serum. Piglets of Group 3 were inoculated intranasally with 5 x 10(7) cfu of P. multocida washed from yeast-extract proteose-peptone cystine (YPC)-blood agar with fetal calf serum. Piglets of Group 4 were inoculated with 5 x 10(7) cfu of P. multocida grown in a YPC-based broth without blood. Piglets of Group 5 served as controls. The piglets of Group 1 did not contract P. multocida infection from infected contact piglets. After a single inoculation one of four, while after three inoculations two of three piglets of Group 2 became infected by P. multocida. After a single inoculation none of four, while after three inoculations one of three piglets of Group 3 were colonised by P. multocida. Both single and repeated inoculation failed in piglets of Group 4.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Colonisation by Pasteurella multocida in atrophic rhinitis of pigs and immunity to the osteolytic toxin.

Gnotobiotic pig antisera to purified toxoid from a capsule type A or D strain of Pasteurella multocida contained large quantities of antitoxin but comparatively little antibody to a crude lysate of P. multocida. These sera given intraperitoneally to further pigs were almost completely protective against turbinate atrophy after intranasal inoculation of dilute acetic acid and infection with type D toxigenic P. multocida. In contrast, antisera to a crude lysate or bacterin of toxigenic P. multocida which contained large titres of antibody to P. multocida lysate, but no detectable antitoxin, were not protective. Colonisation by toxigenic P. multocida was significantly reduced in protected pigs and was similar to colonisation by nontoxigenic P. multocida in pigs untreated or treated with dilute acetic acid. These results indicated (1) that antitoxin was protective and cross protective between toxins from different capsule types; and (2) that the toxin was the main colonisation factor produced by toxigenic bacteria in the acetic acid model of infection and that immunity to it did not eliminate infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of paired isolates of Pasteurella multocida from the lungs and kidneys of slaughtered pigs.

Twenty-eight strains of Pasteurella multocida were isolated from 12 Danish and two Canadian abattoir pigs. Fourteen strains were isolated from pulmonary inflammatory lesions, and 14 strains were isolated from kidneys of the same animals. Phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of the strains were evaluated with a view to determine if P. multocida isolated from kidneys might have been disseminated from the lungs. All field strains were capsular type A. The biochemical reactivity in the API-20E and API-ZYM commercial test-kits was uniform with the exception of alpha-glucosidase activity which was present at low levels in only ten of the strains. One strain was markedly serum sensitive, six strains slightly sensitive and the remaining were serum resistant. The peptide patterns obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell proteins of the strains were very uniform with the exception of differences in intensity of bands in the 38 and 34 kD regions. The pattern of oligonucleotides obtained after electrophoresis of total genomic DNA digested with BamHI showed that the paired isolates had identical patterns in eight of the 14 animals. It is therefore likely that isolates from kidney lesions represent blood borne dissemination from primary pulmonary lesions.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1991

Proteins and antigens of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 from fowl cholera.

The protein profiles of Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 isolates and the response of chickens to serotype 1 antigens were investigated using SDS-PAGE. Patterns obtained with Coomassie blue staining of soluble protein extracts were similar. The major difference between isolates was the position of one of the major proteins in the 34-38 kDa region. When chickens were experimentally infected with a clinical isolate of P. multocida serotype 1 various proteins were recognised by immunoblotting, including one with a relative molecular weight of 34 kDa; however, no reactions were observed in the region where LPS is known to migrate. When these infection sera were used in an EIA with purified LPS obtained from Heddleston serotype 1 type strain (X-73) they reacted strongly. Serum used for serotyping isolates in the gel diffusion precipitin test recognised many antigens in common with sera from infected birds, but some antigens were specific to typing sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Opsonic monoclonal antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens of Pasteurella multocida and the role of LPS in immunity.

A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced from mice immunized with Pasteurella multocida (M1404) (Heddleston serotype 2) reacted with homologous lipopolysaccharide, as indicated by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting. All six MAbs reacted with serotypes 2 and 5 of the 16 Heddleston serotypes. The reactive epitopes were localized on the bacterial cell surface by immunogold labelling. The antibodies could agglutinate P. multocida only if cells were first treated with 1 N HCl. All six MAbs opsonized P. multocida for phagocytosis by mouse macrophages but were not bactericidal in the presence of complement. They afforded only partial protection against infection in mice. The results, together with those of active immunization experiments with LPS, suggest a subordinate role for LPS in protection from experimental infection in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of the immunogenicity of formaldehyde detoxified Pasteurella multocida toxin.

The immunogenicity of the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) was studied in murine model systems. Mice were vaccinated with either formaldehyde treated pure PMT (pure toxoid) or formaldehyde treated crude extract of toxigenic P. multocida (crude toxoid). The corresponding mean anti-PMT titres, sero-conversion rates and survival rates after challenge with affinity purified PMT were compared. When assessed both by anti-PMT titres and seroconversion and challenge, pure toxoid was a more potent immunogen than crude toxoid. This greater immunogenic potency was unaffected by the addition of killed cell preparations of Bordetella bronchiseptica, non-toxigenic P. multocida and B. pertussis. Increasing anti-PMT titres and seroconversion rates were induced by increasing doses of formaldehyde treated PMT (fPMT) in the pure toxoid vaccines, but not in the vaccines containing crude toxoid. However, improved survival rates were observed for both types of vaccine, when the fPMT content was raised. Immunization of pregnant mice with vaccines containing fPMT induced protection of the offspring against challenge with PMT; the protection of the offspring corresponded to that of the mother.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Experimental atrophic rhinitis in 2 and 4 month old pigs infected sequentially with Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic type D Pasteurella multocida.

Experimental infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica and/or toxigenic type D Pasteurella multocida were studied in 2- and 4-month-old primary specific-pathogen-free pigs. None of the 2-month-old pigs inoculated with B. bronchiseptica or P. multocida alone developed turbinate atrophy. All the pigs inoculated with B. bronchiseptica (10(7) CFU/head) and P. multocida (10(9) CFU/head for 5 consecutive days) together, however, developed clinical and post-mortem signs of atrophic rhinitis (AR) similar to the naturally occurring disease. Slight to severe turbinate atrophy was observed in the 4-month-old pigs inoculated with B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida (at the same concentration as above) at necropsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Protection of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin-challenged rats by toxoid-induced antibody.

Two different doses of glutaraldehyde-treated Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PMDT) were used to immunize rats. Rats developed serum IgG antibodies specific for native PMDT, and IgG titers increased with dose and number of toxoid immunizations. Survival rates in both active immunization and passive serum neutralization experiments were dependent on dose of toxoid vaccination and serum levels of anti-PMDT IgG. Vaccination with toxoid prevented weight loss but not leukocytosis and increased complement titers in toxin-challenged rats. Toxoid, itself, induced minimal leukocytosis but no alterations in complement titers or weight gain.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Molecular analysis of a cryptic plasmid isolated from avian strains of Pasteurella multocida.

Twelve small plasmids isolated from avian strains of Pasteurella multocida were examined by restriction enzyme mapping, cross-hybridization, and minicell analysis. These plasmids contained sites for several commonly used restriction enzymes and ranged in size from 3.4 to 3.8 kilobases. Restriction enzyme maps of the 12 plasmids were similar and divided the plasmids into 3 families, designated pFS1, pFS2, and pFS4. Restriction fragments of pFS1 DNA isolated from strain X-73 were used to probe AvaI/HindIII/EcoRV digests of pFS2 and pFS4 DNA. The results of these hybridization experiments demonstrated that the plasmids found in all three families shared extensive regions of homology and may have originated from a common ancestor. Escherichia coli minicells containing recombinant plasmid constructs bearing fragments of pFS1 expressed two pFS1-specific peptides, 12.5 and 28 kilodaltons in size, suggesting that some P. multocida plasmid-encoded proteins can be expressed in E. coli. These results indicate that pFS may be useful as a genetic tool for moving DNA into and out of P. multocida, since it is small, contains common restriction sites, and encodes at least two genes that are recognized and expressed in E. coli.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Colorimetric assay using XTT for assessing virulence of avian Pasteurella multocida strains.

A colorimetric assay using sodium 3,3'-[1[(phenylamino)carbonyl]3,4- tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) was adapted to quantitate bactericidal activity of chicken macrophage HD 11 cell line against five Pasteurella multocida strains and an avirulent transposon insertion mutant. The strains used were virulent P1059, and D92, and four avirulent strains including a streptomycin resistant mutant of P1059 (P1059 SmR), two live vaccine strains namely, the Clemson University (CU) and M9, and a transposon insertion mutant PmTn-294. Percentage of bacteria killed by chicken macrophage (HD 11) cells was determined by extrapolation from a standard formazan curve derived by incubating XTT with known bacterial cell numbers of each strain. The amount of formazan as measured by absorption at 450 nm was directly related to the number of viable bacterial cells. The percentages of P1059 SmR, CU, M9 and PmTn-294 killed by HD 11 cells were approximately 50%, 61%, 25% and 34%, respectively. By contrast, the virulent P1059 and D92 strains were resistant to killing, and were able to replicate inside the HD 11 cells. Association of virulence with resistance to phagocytic killing by HD 11 cells as assessed by the colorimetric bactericidal assay, was validated with resistance to complement (C')-mediated killing and a turkey mortality test. Strains P1059 and D92 were resistant to C'-mediated killing, whereas strains P1059 SmR, CU, M9 and PmTn-294 strains were susceptible. All turkeys challenged with P1059 or D92 were dead within 18 hrs. Mortality did not occur in turkeys challenged with strains of P1059 SmR, M9 and PmTn-294. The mortality among CU challenged turkeys ranged from 0 to 40%. The results suggest that the colorimetric bactericidal assay using XTT can be used to quantitate chicken macrophage phagocytic killing of P. multocida strains, and may be a valuable assay to differentiate virulent from avirulent strains of avian P. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Physiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Pasteurella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in Thailand.

Twenty isolates of Pasteurella (Moraxella) anatipestifer from ducks with serositis and septicemia in Thailand between 1988 and 1989 were characterized by various tests. Eighteen isolates fermented glucose and maltose, 3 fructose and 1 each mannose, arabinose, trehalose or sorbitol. All isolates produced gelatinase but not urease, while 2, 3, 5 and 6 produced indole, were CAMP positive, and were proteolytic for milk and coagulated serum respectively. Seven enzymes, phosphatase alkaline, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, phosphatase acid and phosphoamidase were detected from all the isolates. The isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin G and tylosin. Gel-diffusion precipitin tests demonstrated that serotype 1 was most prevalent (60%) and serotype 6 followed (5%). Seven isolates (35%) were untypable. These results indicated that P. anatipestifer of serotype 1 played an important role in recent outbreaks of the disease in Thailand.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Stimulation of avian respiratory phagocytes by Pasteurella multocida: effects of the route of exposure, bacterial dosage and strain, and the age of chickens.

The effects of the route of exposure (intratracheal [IT], drinking water [DW] and aerosolization [AS]), the age of chickens, and the dose of two vaccine strains of Pasteurella multocida (CU and M-9) on the number, phagocytic proportion and capacity of macrophages, granulocytes and lymphocytes (collectively avian respiratory phagocytes [ARPs]) were analyzed. Administration of P. multocida via the DW even at very high dose failed to stimulate ARPs. In contrast, administration of both strains of P. multocida either IT or by AS resulted in rapid and highly significant increases in the numbers of ARPs. 10 x 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) of aerosolized P. multocidaCU strain activated ARPs maximally in both young (3-6 weeks of age) and old (4-6 months of age) chickens. Old chickens responded in dose dependent manner to 20 x 10(9), 8 x 10(9), and 4 x 10(9) cfu of aerosolized P. multocida CU strain. Young chickens responded significantly only to 8 x 10(9) CU organisms. The M-9 and CU strains had limited differences in inducing migration of ARPs into the respiratory system of chickens or elevating phagocytic proportions and capacity of ARPs. The results indicate that the analyzed factors influence the response of ARPs to P. multocida to various degrees.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Molecular studies on avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in Australia.

A collection of 45 strains of Pasteurella multocida was assembled. The strains had been isolated from cases of fowl cholera in eastern Australia over 8 years, and included mainly type A strains. All the strains were examined for plasmids and resistance to 10 antimicrobial agents and most of the strains were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphism. Nine strains were assayed for pathogenicity for mice. Twenty strains yielded no plasmid. Seven contained a single plasmid of 1.3 kbp and 18 contained 2 plasmids, of 2.4 and 7.5 kbp. All the strains were resistant to streptomycin, trimethoprim and lincomycin while one strain was resistant to tetracycline. There was no correlation between plasmid content and resistance to antimicrobial agents. Three strains that lacked plasmids were highly virulent for mice, 6 strains containing plasmids were not. Restriction fragment length polymorphism generated by HpaII allowed the 39 strains that were tested to be divided into 10 groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Actinobacillus (Pasteurella) ureae meningitis in a HIV-positive patient.

Actinobacillus (Pasteurella) ureae is a commensal of the human nasopharynx that is a rare cause of meningitis. We present an HIV-infected patient with this condition. His case, and those previously reported in the literature, implicate head trauma or a neurosurgical procedure in the pathogenesis of this condition. The patient responded to initial empiric therapy with ceftriaxone, followed by intravenous penicillin.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed1992

Pasteurella multocida infection of a total hip arthroplasty. A case report.

The authors report a case history of a diabetic woman requiring revision hip arthroplasty of a Charnley total hip prosthesis that was infected with Pasteurella multocida. The infection of the loose prosthesis followed a cat bite to the same leg. Advice is given on the management of patients with infection following animal inoculations, and the subject of increased risk with a loose prosthesis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Pasteurella multocida meningo-encephalitis with aphasia in a young adult].

We report the first case of Pasteurella multocida meningo-encephalitis with aphasia in a 28 year-old-patient. The investigations confirmed the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. But the delay in identification of the organism involved iterative changes of antibiotherapy. The evolution was finally favourable with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The epidemiologic investigation highlighted the responsibility of a patient's cat carrying the same bacterial strain. Finally we discuss the epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic features of this unusual meningitis.

Adult↗