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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Stalking of mental health professionals: an underrecognised problem.

Doctors and mental healthcare professionals are at greater risk of being stalked than the general population, particularly by their patients. Despite causing significant psychological distress, stalking remains underrecognised and poorly managed. Healthcare organisations should ensure appropriate policies are in place to aid awareness and minimise risk, including the provision of formal educational programmes.

Female↗
PubMed1989

The "yips": a focal dystonia of golfers.

The "yips" is an involuntary motor disturbance affecting golfers. A 69-item questionnaire was constructed and distributed to 1,050 professional and amateur golfers in an effort to define and characterize this syndrome. Of the male golfers there was a 42% response rate and 28% reported suffering from the yips. The disorder was described most frequently as jerks, tremors, and spasms affecting the preferred arm distally and primarily during putting. When compared with unaffected golfers, afflicted golfers were significantly older and had more cumulative years of golfing. In 24%, activities other than golfing were affected and 25% reported involvement of body regions beyond the arms. These data support the hypothesis that the yips represents a focal dystonia and shares many features with other occupational dystonias.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Sex of parent transmission effect in Tourette's syndrome: evidence for earlier age at onset in maternally transmitted cases suggests a genomic imprinting effect.

Parent of origin effects caused by genomic imprinting may influence the phenotypic expression of a number of heritable human disorders. To test this phenomenon in Tourette's syndrome (TS), we studied 437 first degree relatives systematically ascertained through 57 probands. We compared age at onset, age at diagnosis, and phenotypic expressions as observed in the diagnosis of TS, chronic motor tics, and obsessive compulsive behavior in the offspring of affected males with the offspring of affected females. Of the 437 subjects, 16.7% had matrilineal inheritance and 13.9% had patrilineal inheritance, as determined by family history methodology. Chi-square analysis of the different phenotypic expressions and sex of the transmitting parent failed to provide evidence of significant group differences. We found no significant differences in the age at diagnosis either. However, the maternally transmitted offspring showed a significantly earlier age at onset. This points to a parent of origin effect on the putative TS gene that could be explained by meiotic events or even intrauterine environmental influences. These findings may help explain the hitherto conflicting reports about the nature of genetic transmission in TS, and suggest a need to re-examine family data separately for maternally and paternally transmitted cases, taking into account the possible role of imprinting.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed2001

Cocaine-induced persistent dyskinesias.

The authors report a 34-year-old woman with a history of extensive cocaine abuse who developed choreodystonic dyskinesias and an obsessive-compulsive behavior disorder. The abnormal movements and behavior disorder persisted after a 20-month cocaine-free period.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Stalking (obsessive pursuit).

Stalking behaviour has long been recognized as causing great distress and prolonged psychological problems in many victims. Individuals subjected to stalking often feel powerless and helpless in the face of such unwelcome intrusions into their daily lives. There now seems to be a greater awareness and understanding of the phenomenon which, in turn, may encourage individuals affected to seek help.

Crime Victims↗
PubMed2003

Thought-action fusion and schizotypy in undergraduate students.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between thought-action fusion (TAF) and schizotypy. METHOD: In two separate samples of undergraduate students (Ns = 77 and 64), correlations were computed between a measure of TAF and indices of schizotypy and fantasy proneness. RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between TAF and various aspects of schizotypy (i.e. perceptual aberration, magical ideation, schizotypal personality characteristics, disposition to hallucinate). However, correlations between TAF and schizotypy no longer attained significance when controlling for fantasy proneness. CONCLUSION: At least in the non-clinical population, the connection between TAF and schizotypy seems to be a by-product of fantasy-prone individuals' tendency to report unusual experiences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Dieting and working memory: preoccupying cognitions and the role of the articulatory control process.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to extend previous research that has demonstrated impaired cognitive function among dieters, by teasing out precisely which components of the phonological loop subsystem of working memory are affected by dieting. METHOD: Participants were 92 female undergraduate students divided into three groups; current dieters (n = 19), past dieters (n = 29) and never dieters (n = 44). They completed cognitive performance tasks designed to preferentially load on the phonological store and articulatory control process components of the phonological loop, as well as self-report measures. RESULTS: Current dieting to lose weight had no effect on the phonological store, as evidenced by the lack of effect on the phonological similarity effect. Dieting did, however, impede the articulatory control process, as evidenced by substantial reduction in the world length effect. This effect was partially mediated by preoccupying cognitions concerning food, weight and body shape. Further, the results mirrored those found with non-dieters under conditions of articulatory suppression. CONCLUSIONS: The results clearly identify the articulatory control process as the site of the cognitive impairment suffered by dieters, and thereby offer very strong support to the preoccupying cognitions concerning food, weight and body shape that accompany dieting behaviour as the underlying mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The exclusion of the other. A clinical contribution to an object-relations theory of obsessional defence.

The author begins by noting that the subject of obsessions and obsessional neurosis seems to have fallen out of favour with the analytic community in spite of the important part it played in the formation of Freud's theories, and notwithstanding the significance of its mechanisms in the maturation of the ego. He then discusses some theoretical considerations regarding the development of the taboo on touching and, by extension, contact. Attention is drawn to the parallels with autistic functioning emphasised by other authors. Particular importance is attached to the distinction between internal and external reality that arises during the anal-sadistic phase and that leads to polarisation and splitting in obsessional neurosis. Following a discussion of the transference-countertransference situation with obsessional patients and of their concretistic experience in the treatment situation, as also featured in the literature, an extensive case history exemplifies the author's contentions and shows how the patient concerned developed during the course of his analysis. After pointing out the importance of the avoidance of identifications as a mechanism of obsessional defence, the author concludes the paper with a brief comparison of obsessional and hysteriform functioning and a characterisation of the obsessional defence as the excessive recourse to perverted thought functions so as to ward off paranoid anxieties.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The SCL-90-R as a screening instrument for severe personality disturbance among outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders.

Our objective was to examine whether the SCL-90-R, a widely used self-report measure of distress and psychopathology, could screen for personality disorders in general and for severe personality disturbance (SPD) in particular, at the time when patients seek treatment for a state (mood or anxiety) disorder. The SCL-90-R was administered to 112 consecutive outpatients with various mood and anxiety disorders. The personality severity index (PSI) score, defined as the mean value of the scores on the SCL-90-R subscales of interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and paranoid ideation, was compared with the current symptom index (CSI) score, defined as the mean value of the scores on the remaining six SCL-90-R subscales. A positive screen was considered if PSI > CSI. SPD was defined as the presence of any DSM-III-R Cluster A and/or Cluster B personality disorder. The accuracy of the screen was verified by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. The sensitivity of the PSI > CSI criterion to screen for SPD was 89.4%, while its sensitivity to screen for any DSM-III-R personality disorder was 72.9%. The SCL-90-R subscales that contributed the most to the screening discriminability of this SCL-90-R-derived screening measure were hostility, paranoid ideation, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive behavior. The SCL-90-R may be used to screen for SPD in routine work with outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders, but the results of the screening need to be verified because of the possibility of false negatives and false positives, although that possibility is apparently low. These findings may have important prognostic and treatment implications.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and depressive mood in the industrial society].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and depressive mood in the industrial society. 380 workers in a construction company replied to a questionnaire, which consisted of a Beck depression inventory (BDI) and a multidimensional self-oriented perfectionism scale (MSPS). The results showed that concern over mistakes (CM) had a positive correlation with depressive mood in both younger and older age groups. Personal standard (PS) had a negative relation with depressive mood in younger age groups, but no statistical difference was seen in older age groups. We considered that the background for depressive mood differs in different age groups.

Adult↗