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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[The state of the organ of vision in workers in the petrochemical industry. I. Results of ophthalmological examinations].

The ophthalmological examinations of petrochemical plant workers that have been carried out so far did not enable working out a simple method of rapid ophthalmological evaluation of subclinical aromatic hydrocarbons poisonings. Neither the results of our own studies nor the experience of other authors explained fully the pathogenesis of the described spot lesions. Further observations are advisable to account for that issue.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1982

[Controlled clinical trial of the effect of aspirin and aspirin + dipyridamole on the development of diabetic retinopathy. II. Ophthalmologic protocol].

A description is given of the ophthalmological protocol of the DAMAD (aspirin and dipyridamole + Aspirin) controlled clinical trial in diabetic retinopathy. The 450 patients included in this trial were insulin or noninsulin treated diabetics with an early diabetic retinopathy (i.e. at least five microaneurysms in the posterior pole and/or one zone of capillary non-perfusion). They were randomized in a double blind fashion to treatment with either placebo or aspirin 330 mg or aspirin 330 mg + dipyridamole 75 mg three times daily. A full ophthalmologic examination was performed annually on both eyes of each patient and followed at least three years. Data were recorded on a special form. The main assessment criteria were orientated toward the quantification of the retinal vascular micro-abnormalities, counting of microaneurysm and measurement of the central and peripheral avascular zones. Angiofluorographic photographs were standardized. The two eyes were photographed but only one reference eye was kept for the whole length of this study. A standard reading technique is now used by a technician in charge of coding the quality of the films, the dotting and numbering of the lesions.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1978

[Meningiomas from the clinical viewpoint of first symptoms, duration of anamnesis and neurologic-ophthalmologic deficiency symptoms].

UNLABELLED: First symptoms, period of case history, neurological findings and ophthalmological findings were evaluated in 123 patients operated on because of meningiomas. Typical first symptoms were headache (42%), fits (30%) and impaired vision (28%). 70 per cent of the patients showed a case history period of up to two years, 11 per cent one of more than five years. In 25 per cent this period was less than six months. In two cases the symptoms set in an acute form. Paresis was found in cases of meningiomas of the falx convexity region. A papilledema was found in 41 per cent, reflex differences in 30 per cent and hemiparesis in 13 per cent of the patients. LOCATION: parasagittal (28 patients), falx (10 patients), convexity (31 patients), tentorium (6 patients), posterior cranial fossa (4 patients). Neither a short period of the case history nor the absence of neurological and ophthalmological changes can exclude a meningioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Quality management, possibilities and chances in ophthalmology].

German legislation introduced in 1988 called for obligatory quality assurance (QA) practice to be initiated by health care providers. In 1992 the scope of the legislation was extended. Opportunities for introducing quality assurance practice in ophthalmology are demonstrated through examples. A necessary preliminary step to QA is to identify priority areas requiring action. A second necessary action entails the definition of quality indicators. Through their monitoring, these quality indicators allow identification of problem areas as reflected in the collected data. The final important phase of QA practice involves development of strategies to counteract identified problems. This process implies one or more cycles of: problem analysis, establishment of rectifying targets, actual intervention and finally evaluation of interventions made. Compulsory inter-hospital comparison of QA data calls for agreed standards within health care fields. In conclusions, QA practices in ophthalmology (with special reference to the pilot project on QA in cataract surgery) suggest that QA measures are well accepted by health care providers in this field.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1995

[Ophthalmologic emergency examination at the physicians' office].

It is not easy for a physician to assume the responsibility of an ocular emergency! Short informations have been given about ophthalmology during the medical studies. However, it is possible with little ophthalmological knowledge to have a good approach of ocular emergencies, if we use good questions to the patient, and rudimentary examination methods. With well adapted interrogations, few tools, the physician is able to conclude to the real cause of a sudden blindness, an ocular redness or pain! Some correct treatments will be recommended before requiring of a complementary exams by an ophthalmologist.

Emergencies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ophthalmological symptoms in patients with internal carotid artery pathology].

Ophthalmologic examinations were carried out in 92 patients, mean age 55.4 years, with internal carotid artery abnormalities (stenoses and thromboses) confirmed by dopplerography. Various visual disturbances were diagnosed, the most prevalent ocular symptom being transitory homolateral blindness which was detected in 28 (30.4%) patients. Optic disk abnormalities were found in 9 (9.8%) patients, thrombosis (embolism) of the central retinal artery or its branch in 3 (3.3%); 6(6.5%) patients developed monolateral retinopathy which resulted from persistent retinal hypoxemia, and only 1 (1.1%) patient presented with ischemic oculopathy. Later developing neurologic and ophthalmologic complications may be prevented if visual disturbances of this type, particularly transitory ones, are not neglected during diagnosis of carotid diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Forensic medical expertise in ophthalmologic practice].

The author evaluates 75 cases of his forensic medical expertise as ophthalmologic examiner. He draws attention mostly to those cases which are of interest not only for ophthalmologists but also for other medical specialists. In particular, he investigates the three most frequent groups of cases (questionability of reading capability, injury, detachment of retina), in connection with practical examples. He also discusses questions of defensive medicine as well as the problems of latency between noxa and diagnosis. Besides, he refers to the ophthalmologic aspects of the decreased ability to work.

Defensive Medicine↗
PubMed1994

[Oculomotor paralysis. The perspective of a neuro-ophthalmology consultation].

Ocular paresis is a usual diagnosis in neuro-ophthalmologic consultation, and its aetiology is indeed a challenge. The authors studied 3400 records concerning this consultation, between 1982 and the third quarter of 1993. During this period 221 cases with ocular paresis were selected. During this retrospective study we point out the following items: the cranial nerve affected; the neuro-ophthalmologic semiology; the aetiology and clinical evolution, according to the age groups. From 221 cases selected, 111 were paresis from the VIth pair (50.2%), 88 from the IIIrd pair (39.8%), 14 multiple paresis (6.4%) and 8 paresis from the IVth pair (3.6%). The most frequent complaint was diplopia (> 90%). As far as the aetiological diagnosis is concerned, this was easier to establish in patients > 50 years of age. In this age group the most usual aetiology was vascular and traumatic pathologies. In younger patients the most frequent pathologies were traumatic and tumoral. The prognostic was better in the vascular group, the paresis recovery being > 50% in all other pathologies, except the tumoral one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Ophthalmologic manifestations in spinal cord diseases caused by HTLV-I virus. Clinical study of 30 cases].

We present the results of ophthalmologic examinations of a consecutive series of 30 patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy. This is the first ophthalmologic prospective study reported outside the Japanese endemic area. Twenty-one of the patients (70%) had kerato-conjunctivitis sicca in addition to accessory salivary gland lymphocytary infiltration in 7. Two cases of uveo-papillitis, 1 case of cotton-wool spots and 3 cases of retinochoroidal degeneration were also observed. Moreover, an aliquot of the aqueous humour was collected from the anterior chamber in 5 patients and showed high titer of HTLV-I antibodies for the 2 patients with uveo-papillitis. We propose different hypotheses to explain the physiopathologic characteristics of these features.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[How to use glucocorticoids in ophthalmology].

Administration of glucocorticoid, one of the corticosteroid hormones, is one of the most important therapeutic strategy in ophthalmological treatment. Almost all kinds of glucocorticoid agents are commercially available for various ocular diseases, including cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, paramethasone, betamethasone and fluolometholone. Glucocorticoids are administrated in preparations of eye drops, ointments, injections and tablets for local and systemic use. Systemic glucocorticoid treatment should, in general, only be considered when local treatment with eye drops or with injections fail, when the disease is bilateral, or when systemic findings indicate the need. "Producing less severe side effects or complications, obtaining the most efficacy, with long duration" is the main principles in ophthalmological use of glucocorticoids. Steroid cataract (posterior subcapsular opacity) and steroid glaucoma (intraocular pressure elevation) are the two main ocular complications of glucocorticoid administration. Serial slitlamp examination and tonometry are essential to prevent them.

Drug Administration Routes↗
PubMed1993

Chloral hydrate for pediatric ophthalmologic examinations.

Although chloral hydrate sedation has been recommended as an alternative to general anesthesia for pediatric examinations, we have had inconsistent effects after rectal applications for ophthalmologic examinations. A retrospective analysis of rectal chloral hydrate for computer-assisted tomographic (CT) examinations on 20 pediatric patients revealed that after a single application, sedation was sufficient in only 4 cases. In 14 cases, additional doses and/or drugs were required. Altogether, 6 examinations were canceled because of insufficient sedation. Therefore, the safety and effectiveness of oral chloral hydrate (60-100 mg/kg) was studied prospectively in 32 pediatric ophthalmologic examinations of 20 patients. The unpalatable taste of chloral hydrate may result in inconsistent intake, but all intended examinations and manipulations could be carried out with only minimal side effects. Oral chloral hydrate seems to be safe and effective for painless pediatric examinations and may be more reliable than rectal chloral hydrate.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1993

[Ophthalmologic differentiation of various forms of neurofibromatosis].

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is one of the most frequent autosomal-dominant hereditary disorders. The molecular-genetic differentiation of NF 1 and NF 2 has important implications for the ophthalmologist. Among 80 patients with NF 1, Lisch nodules were diagnosed in 83% as typical criteria for the disease. In 6 patients who did not meet the NIH criteria for NF 1 and NF 2, the ophthalmological investigation showed no cataracts or Lisch nodules; thus, the ophthalmological examination can help to confirm a subtype of NF. In 8 out of 22 NF 2 patients a juvenile posterior subcapsular cataract was diagnosed. Our examination demonstrates that the diagnostic value of lens opacities in NF 2 patients--especially for early detection of the disease--must be clarified, especially with regard to the fact that there were no patients with incipient cataract and no neuroradiological criteria for the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Neuro-ophthalmological problems in the diabetic patient].

Neuro-ophthalmological complications in diabetic patients are relatively rare, and their prevalence seems to be much less important than the retinopathy and the cataract prevalence. Although the low frequency of the neuro-ophthalmological complications, these might induce severe loss of vision or oculomotor disturbance, as it is reported in acute anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy or in cranial neuropathy. The etiopathogenic mechanism is still uncertain, but actually a metabolic dysfunction seems to be the more plausible hypothesis. In absence of specific treatment, we emphasized the importance of a preventive treatment based on the best control of diabetes and the treatment of the vascular and infection risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery in ophthalmological milieu. Apropos of 10 cases].

PURPOSE: Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery is a rare vascular emergency, but represents the first cause of cerebral ischaemia of young patients. Neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms often reveals the pathology. METHODS: Ten cases of spontaneous dissection of the internal artery are reported. The Claude Bernard Horner syndrome is the most frequent symptom typically associated with hemicranial headache. The headache involves the ipsilateral forequarter of the head and the neck. Other ophthalmologic symptoms may also reveal the carotid dissection. RESULTS: At first, the diagnosis is strongly suspected during Doppler ultrasonographic examination. During the acute phase, MRI and MRA replaces advantagiously arteriography, confirming this affection in a non invasive way, and permits investigation of associated vascular pathology like fibromuscular dysplasia (15% of the cases). The patients received anticoagulants in order to prevent thrombo-embolic complications (heparine during the acute phase relayed by AVK). The clinical course is usually favorable with the medical treatment. CONCLUSION: A painful Claude Bernard Horner syndrome strongly evokes a carotid dissection and the arterial check-up must be realised in emergency: at first, the exploratory methods associates Doppler ultrasonographic examination, MRI, and MRA.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The ophthalmologic manifestations of Wilson's disease.

Fifty-three patients with Wilson's disease were studied with regard to ophthalmologic abnormalities. Of the 35 symptomatic patients initially seen and treated at the Mayo Clinic, 34 (97%) had Kayser-Fleischer rings and 6 (17%) had sunflower cataracts at the time of diagnosis. In patients followed for a year or more, penicillamine therapy resulted in improvement of the Kayser-Fleischer rings in 18 of 20 (90%) patients and total clearing of the sunflower cataracts in 4 of 5 patients. The specific pattern of copper deposition in Kayser-Fleischer rings and the improvement with treatment occurred along four reproducible stages. None of five asymptomatic siblings of patients with known Wilson's disease had Kayer-Fleischer rings at the time of initial study. In one (untreated) of the five, Kayser-Fleischer rings developed 20 months after the initial normal slit-lamp examination. The presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings, and the absence of other ophthalmologic signs (such as nystagmus, cranial nerve palsies, and other movement disorders), can be of great assistance in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease. Once the condition has been diagnosed, specific medical therapy with penicillamine and low-copper diet dramatically improves what would otherwise be an inevitably fatal course.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of common ophthalmological disorders in preschool children in Mexico City].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of undetected vision abnormalities among preschool children. These problems can lead to a variety of adverse consequences, the most serious being amblyopia, which becomes irreversible after the fifth year without treatment. In some other countries there are screening programs to identify visual abnormalities among four year old children. In our country there are no studies about the prevalence of this problem among preschool children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 39 preschool children were randomly selected from 93 kindergarten schools in a District of Mexico City. In total, 343 children were screened for ophthalmologic abnormalities by two pediatricians who were previously trained for this purpose. RESULTS: Fifty-seven (16.6%) children failed the visual acuity testing: four had strabismus, four cataract, and one glaucoma, and 48 refraction defects. Only 13 (3.8%) had been previously examined, ever. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that the prevalence found supports the recommendation to promote ophthalmologic examining as part of the routinary child care practice and to perform preventive preschool screening.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in the Asperger disorder.

Asperger disorder is a complex behavioral disorder that may be related to autism. We examined a 49-year-old man with Asperger disorder who had multiple neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities, including colobomatous defects involving the optic discs and peripapillary retina, and abnormal ocular motility with an oculocephalic dyskinesia. Asperger disorder may be associated with a variety of neuro-ophthalmologic disturbances.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paraneoplastic ophthalmological syndromes.

The different pathogenic and clinical aspects of the paraneoplastic ophthalmological syndromes are discussed by the author. Opsoclonus-myoclonus, retinal degeneration are largely reviewed. It is possible that new modern immunological methods to elucidate the role of antibodies in the genesis of paraneoplastic syndrome and the role of these antigens in the functioning of nervous system. Recognising a ophthalmological syndrome as paraneoplastic will prompt a search for an early detection of a cancer and a more prompt treatment.

Autoimmune Diseases↗