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Results for “OCCUPATION AND PROFESSIONS”

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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Postural analysis of nursing work.

Back pain in the nursing profession is an acknowledged wide spread occupational hazard. This study used OWAS (Ovako Working posture Analysis System) to measure the severity of the working postures adopted by nurses on Care of the Elderly wards when carrying out manual handling operations for animate and inanimate loads. Twenty-six nurses were observed on 31 occasions to obtain 4299 observations, these data were collected and processed using the OWASCO and OWASAN programs, and then analysed by grouping the results into defined patient (animate) handling and non-patient (inanimate) handling tasks. A statistical comparison was made between the two groups using the percentage of action categories two, three and four, to the total number of action categories. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was found, demonstrating that the percentage of harmful postures adopted during patient handling tasks was significantly higher than during non-patient handling tasks. This high level of postural stress and the poor track record of risk management within the Health Care Industry leads to the recommendation that an attitudinal change is needed to successfully address and reduce the manual handling burden which is currently being carried by the nursing staff.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Acute stagnant air syndrome.

In the spring of 1979, two water company employees were found dead at the bottom of a water-filled underground meter vault. A month-long investigation disclosed that the atmosphere of the vault had progressively been deteriorated by the growth of primitive plants present in the water and also on the walls and ceiling of the vault. When entering manholes, employees must adhere strictly to all safety rules, such as the testing of the air before entry, ventilation of the air spaces, and the presence of a standby rescue worker. The diagnosis of acute stagnant air syndrome for this type of accident is introduced herein, to alert industrial concerns and the medical professions about the existence of this occupational hazard confronting individuals who work in confined and poorly ventilated manholes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

The industrial safety professionals: a comparative analysis from World War I until the 1980s.

The birth of industrial society produced demand for the services of professionals specialized in matters related to industrial safety. Three professions--safety engineering, industrial medicine, and ergonomics--are examined. These professions are observed to either submit to single sets of demands, to integrate contradictory demands, or to experience scission. Until the late 1960s their growth appears to have been relatively peaceful and uncontroversial. From this period onward, controversy breaks out over questions related to industrial safety, and professions and government administrations grow. Increasingly, the traditional approach of safety professionals is called into question, and they adopt new orientations. These changes are mapped through the examination of data drawn principally from the United States, France, Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Brazil. The traditional standards approach competes with cost-benefit analysis and with systemic safety for influence; in addition, an emergent approach that analyzes accident causes in terms of social relations of work is detected. From Bhopal to Chernobyl, new technologies subject civilian populations to risks of catastrophic accidents, and the action of safety professionals comes under the spotlight. The analysis constructed permits new understandings of the past and the future of these professions.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1985

Looking back.

This historical review reveals that our profession has a solid understanding of occupation and its meaning to the injured or ill worker. Pioneer occupational therapists developed elemental concepts of work, basic skills of evaluation, and therapeutic uses of work skills. Our last generation of therapists has added theories and vital concepts of occupational behavior and human adaptation. The integration of our knowledge through further discourse, research, theory building, writing, and practice will enable us to use our understanding of human development through occupation to evaluate the work role of any individual regardless of age or disability. An unnamed patient (26) translates our philosophy into simple and direct language: "The joy of doing work and doing it well broadens the mind and extends to the outside world."

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1985

Professional development: clinician to academician.

Drawing on literature from other professions, this paper identifies factors that occupational therapists should consider when making the transition from clinician to academician. It describes the following four stages of a professional career: apprentice, colleague, mentor, and sponsor. Five academic stages of faculty development are also presented. In addition, the work life of a faculty member is delineated.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1996

The psychosocial implications of back injury at work.

The majority of studies on back injury have been quantitative in nature, focusing on ergonomic or financial implications of back injury problems for trusts and the profession. The psychological and social effects upon the individual suffering the injury have largely been ignored. This qualitative study sought to redress the balance by examining why injuries were occurring. It focuses on the personal cost of back injury to nurses and its effect on their lives and careers. Questionnaires were sent to members of the Work Injured Nurses' Group (WING) which is funded by the Royal College of Nursing. The findings revealed that a large proportion of accidents were preventable. Nurses who sustained a back injury suffered both physically and psychologically, and generally felt unsupported and isolated. This, together with a lack of redeployment opportunities, seemed to affect adversely their ability to adapt to their injury and remain in the profession.

Accidents, Occupational↗