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PubMed1998

The evolution of the diagnosis and understanding of primitive and embryonic neoplasms in children: living through an epoch.

Approximately 30% of malignant neoplasms in children are dysontogenetic tumors whose pathologic features resemble or recapitulate those of the developing organ or tissue of origin. Archetypes include classic neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This review traces the history of the principal types of dysontogenetic neoplasms and the primitive round cell tumors, Ewing's sarcoma, and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and Wilms' tumor were first described in the 19th century but with several different appellations than those we use today. Although some progress was made in the surgical management of Wilms' tumor during the 1940s and 1950s, most of these unique solid neoplasms of childhood were seen as essentially untreatable and inevitably fatal; surgery and perhaps irradiation were the principal therapeutic offerings. The folic acid analogue, aminopterin, was reported in 1948 as inducing the first complete but temporary remission in acute childhood leukemia. The chemotherapeutic era began shortly thereafter with effective chemotherapy in the management of Wilms' tumor with the introduction of dactinomycin. Pathologists were no longer restricted to being purveyors of the death sentence; they were now responsible for differentiating one type of primitive and embryonic neoplasm from another by using a variety of ancillary techniques, including tissue culture, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetics. Favorable or unfavorable morphologic types and subtypes of tumors were defined and, together with the pathologic staging, became incorporated into the therapeutic plan and prognostic assessment. During the past 40 years, these tumors progressed from being virtually treatment resistant to having an overall 5-year survival of 70% or greater. Through the cooperative efforts of pediatric hematologists/oncologists, pediatric surgeons, radiation therapists, and pathologists, the primitive and embryonic neoplasms of childhood are now viewed as some of the most treatable and curable of cancers.

Child↗

PubMed1976

Abnormal aminopyrine metabolism in patients with hepatic neoplasm. Detection by breath test.

Aminopyrine metabolism was assessed by the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) in 153 patients with malignant disease, of whom 75 had hepatic neoplasm and 78 had none. Radioactive carbon dioxide (14CO2) exhalation was measured two hours after oral administration of a trace dose of carbon-14 labeled aminopyrine. The ABT was correct in 62 of 75 (83%) patients with hepatic neoplasm and in 73 of 78 (94%) patients without. It was correct in 16 of 22 (73%) patients who had hepatic neoplasm without abnormal serum biochemistry. Aminopyrine metabolic clearance rate (AMCR) was 32.4 ml/min in patients with hepatic neoplasm and 103.4 +/- 18.8 ml/min in the patients without. There was a highly significant correlation between ABT and AMCR (r =.76, P less than .01). We conclude that aminopyrine metabolism is depressed in most patients with hepatic neoplasm and that the ABT affords a useful method for detecting malignant tumors of the liver.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1995

Rates of growth of human solid neoplasms: Part I.

The purpose of this article is to consolidate data collected from a variety of sources that have permitted calculations of the rates of growth of human neoplasms. These sources include Fischel State Cancer Hospital (Columbia, MO); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, (St. Louis, MO); Roentgen Diagnostic Institute, Allmanna Sjukhuset (Malmo, Sweden); University of Louisville (Louisville, Kentucky); University of Heidelberg (Heidelberg, Germany); and St. Luke's Hospital (St. Louis, MO). Included in the data are laboratory measurements of cell replication rates. All gross measurements were made either on imaging studies or with a centimeter scale for surface or palpable neoplasms. Data have been reported for breast and pulmonary cancers and metastases of many types, melanomas, skeletal sarcomas, benign and malignant colonic neoplasms, and isolated cases of less frequent neoplasms. Related cytokinetic measurements by tritriated thymidine labelling, bromodeoxyuridine labelling, S-phase fraction from DNA flow cytometric analysis, and mitotic indices are discussed. The various mathematical formulae applicable to the analysis of the collected data and the determination of rates and patterns of growth are included. Also considered are the clinical implications of these data and the importance of ever better knowledge on the cytokinetics of human cancer. Prior studies on the evolution of insight into this field are cited and discussed. The authors conclude that a more accurate quantification of the growth rates of human cancer is essential for understanding the biological variance of human cancers seen clinically.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1991

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in central nervous system neoplasms.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a cell-cycle-regulated protein, which can be demonstrated in routinely fixed specimens. Studies on various tissues, cell cultures and neoplasms have shown that PCNA labelling index (LI) correlates with flow cytometry, tritiated thymidine LI, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and Ki67 LI. PCNA LI may have prognostic value in various neoplasms. The present study concerns PCNA immunostaining in a series of neuroglial tumours. We demonstrate that there is a relation between PCNA LI and histological grade, and between PCNA LI and reported thymidine LI, BrdU LI and Ki67 LI. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas and low-grade astrocytomas had the lowest LI, whereas metastases of small cell lung cancer and medulloblastomas had the highest LI. Glioblastomas sometimes showed a certain degree of intratumoral heterogeneity of distribution of immunostained cells. Intratumoral heterogeneity underscores the critical importance of representative sampling of central nervous system neoplasms for kinetic studies. As expected, PCNA LI are somewhat higher than tritiated thymidine LI, BrdU LI and Ki67 LI because PCNA is a marker of G1, S, G2 and M-phases of the cell cycle and not of S-phase only. In addition, because of its long half-life, PCNA may be detected immunohistochemically in cells that have recently left the cell cycle. The immunohistochemical evaluation of PCNA LI is easy to perform on routinely processed material, allowing retrospective studies. PCNA LI may be a useful tool in grading gliomas. However, its prognostic value must be validated by comparing PCNA LI with the follow-up of the neoplasms, and possibly with the responsiveness to anti-proliferative therapy.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1989

MR imaging of hemorrhagic intracranial neoplasms.

Thirty patients with intracranial tumors containing hemorrhage of varying stages were examined with high-field-strength MR imaging and CT to determine what differences might exist between hemorrhagic tumor and pure hemorrhage. Pathology was obtained in the six patients with primary tumors and in 14 of the 24 patients with metastases. Similar to evolving intraparenchymal hematomas, hemorrhagic neoplasms undergo changes in their appearance that can be categorized into three distinct intensity patterns, or stages. Stage 1 is characterized as iso- or hypointensity on short TR sequences and as hypointensity on long TR sequences; stage 2 as developing hyperintensity on both short and long TR sequences, without evidence of a well-defined black rim; and stage 3 as a hyperintense lesion with a well-defined black rim on long TR sequences. An additional mixed-intensity pattern was identified, which contained areas corresponding to more than one stage. In all of the cases exhibiting this pattern, pathology confirmed that the appearance was due to recurrent bleeding. We found several characteristics on MR that, when present, suggest an underlying neoplasm. These include delay in evolution between stages, central or eccentric hyperintensity in stage 2, and a mixed-intensity pattern. In addition, the presence of a hemosiderin rim does not exclude an underlying neoplasm. We found that the MR patterns that characterize hemorrhagic intracranial neoplasms should help to determine the cause of the hemorrhage.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Oncocytic and granular cell neoplasms of the central nervous system and pituitary gland.

Oncocytic transformation is an infrequent event within the central nervous system and is limited to neoplasms of the choroid plexus, meninges, and pituitary gland. Oncocytic modifications in choroid plexus tumors seem to occur predominantly in adult patients and in the fourth ventricle and do not seem to reflect any particular biological behavior. Meningiomas showing oncocytic differentiation have been recently described and this variant probably behaves more aggressively. Pituitary oncocytomas are regarded as a subtype of null cell adenomas. Oncocytic tumors have a significantly higher risk of progression with a higher recurrence rate after radiotherapy. Oncocytic changes in astrocytic neoplasms are rare. More frequently, astrocytomas can show granular changes that result in neoplasms composed of cells with granular cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei resembling foamy macrophages. Granular cell astrocytomas may mimic non-neoplastic lesions such as cerebral infarction and demyelinating disease. Cells with granular bodies are frequent in pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and ganglion cell tumors. Their presence is considered a useful diagnostic finding to distinguish these low-grade lesions from malignant gliomas. A rare neoplasm is the granular cell tumor of the infundibulum that, when symptomatic, has to be differentiated from pituitary adenomas and other more common lesions of the sellar region.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2001

Second malignant neoplasms of the head and neck in survivors of retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the embryonic retina. Although it is rare, it is the most common primary eye tumor of childhood. Life expectancy following treatment is now excellent, but survivors who have heritable retinoblastoma face an increased risk of a second malignant head or neck neoplasm. A second neoplasm, which often occurs in the irradiated field of the original tumor, has become the most significant threat to the survival of these patients. We report the case of a young girl who was cured of her retinoblastoma only to later develop a second nonocular tumor that metastasized to the superficial parotid gland. She underwent a superficial parotidectomy and neck dissection, but the malignancy eventually recurred and required further surgery and radiation therapy. In this article, we discuss the etiology, incidence, sites of occurrence, and management options for a second malignant neoplasm in retinoblastoma survivors. The head and neck surgeon must be vigilant in the diagnosis and management of second neoplasms in this patient population because they often occur in irradiated fields; surgical management is important to patient survival.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1975

Cytology of bronchial washings: a study of patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck.

Among 18 patients with locally advanced malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region, bronchial washings failed to reveal tumor cells despite the demonstration of exfoliated tumor cells in washings from the region of the primary tumor in 13 (72 percent) of the patients. Among 17 patients with bronchogenic carcinomas, however, tumor cells were isolated from the bronchial washings in 14 (82 percent). These results indicate that, in patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck, tumor cells found in bonchial washings probably are not from the primary head and neck neoplasms. Thus, cytologic examination of bronchial washings may be validly employed in the differential diagnosis of the pulmonary tumors in patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region.

Bronchi↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Second malignant neoplasms in patients successfully treated with multimodality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer.

One hundred fourteen patients with advanced (stage III or IV) epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx were treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy between 1975 and 1980. Twenty-seven patients also received preoperative platinum-containing chemotherapy. Sixteen patients developed second malignant neoplasms. The site of the second malignant neoplasm was in the esophagus in seven patients (44%), in the lung in six patients (37.5%), and at other sites in three patients (18.5%). Relapse of the head and neck cancer (at the primary site in 6 patients, in the neck in 11 patients, and at distant sites in 20 patients) appeared within the first 2 years in virtually all cases. In contrast, second malignant neoplasms have appeared at a steady rate of approximately 6% per year, for at least the first 4 years. Future efforts at improving the survival of patients with advanced head and neck cancer, therefore, must include strategies aimed at decreasing the incidence and the morbidity and mortality from second malignant neoplasms.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Primary cysts and neoplasms of the mediastinum: recent changes in clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis, management, and results.

Major changes have recently occurred in the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of primary lesions of the mediastinum. New diagnostic techniques and improved therapy have led to more objective preoperative diagnoses as well as better long-term results. These features are clearly demonstrated in a series of 400 consecutive patients with primary lesions of the mediastinum seen at Duke University Medical Center. Of these, 99 (25%) had a primary cystic lesion. The primary tumors included thymic neoplasms (17%), neurogenic tumors (14%), lymphoma (16%), germ cell tumors (11%), and a miscellaneous group. Malignant neoplasms were present in 166 patients (42%). The anterosuperior mediastinum was the most commonly involved site of a primary cyst or neoplasm (54%), followed by the posterior mediastinum (26%) and the middle mediastinum (20%). Symptoms were present in 62% of the patients and included chest pain (30%), dyspnea (16%), fever and chills (20%), and cough (16%). Of the lesions found on routine chest roentgenograms, 83% were benign. In contrast, 57% of the lesions in symptomatic patients were malignant. Prior to 1967, 94% of asymptomatic lesions were benign, but this figure has now decreased to 76%. Fifty percent of symptomatic patients had a malignant neoplasm before 1967 compared with 62% after that year. Newer diagnostic techniques have greatly enhanced the accuracy of the preoperative diagnosis. They include radioisotopic scanning, monoclonal antibodies, hormonal assay, electron microscopy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each has a definite role and is specifically illustrated as being quite important in this series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiocardiography↗

PubMed2000

[MRI-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatic neoplasms--first technical and clinical experiences].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of MR-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic neoplasms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 16 hepatic neoplasms (1.3-3.0 cm in diameter) in 11 patients were treated by 22 percutaneous RFA sessions during a prospective study. 16 G, MR-compatible cooled-tip electrodes with active lengths of 2 cm and 3 cm, respectively, were placed under MR-guidance in an open 0.2 Tesla MR system (Magnetom Open, Siemens, Erlangen) using fast T1-weighted sequences. Pretreatment studies, evaluation of tumor necrosis (one week after last RFA), and further follow-up studies every 3 months were performed using 1.5 Tesla MR systems. RESULTS: The mean procedure time was 2.8 (1.5-3.3) h. Complications related to percutaneous treatment were not encountered. 14 of 16 neoplasms (87%) showed no CM enhancement during MRI after the last RFA and were judged to be completely necrotic. In 11 tumors one treatment session was necessary, in 4 tumors two and in one tumor three. Follow-up studies revealed persistent complete necrosis in 13 of 14 (93%) tumors during a period of 3-18 (median: 11.8) months. In 5 patients new intrahepatic tumors developed that were not suitable for further RFA treatment because of their number, size and location. CONCLUSION: MR-guided RFA using single cooled tip electrodes is safe and technically effective for treatment of hepatic neoplasms up to 3 cm in size, however further improvements are necessary.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

The use of antikeratin antibodies in the diagnosis of human neoplasms.

The presence of intracellular keratin was examined in 230 human neoplasms using indirect immunofluorescence on fresh frozen, acetone-fixed sections. The use of antikeratin antibodies raised in rabbits against human callus and purified by affinity chromatography proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method of demonstrating keratin. Epithelial tissues and epithelial-derived neoplasms were found to contain keratin, whereas tissues and neoplasms of mesenchymal, lymphoreticular, or neural crest origin did not contain intracellular keratin. This technic is a useful adjunct for the surgical pathologist in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated neoplasms. Its application either confirmed, modified, or in several instances, changed the original light microscopic impression. The modified or changed diagnoses were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: a clinicopathologic analysis of 107 cases.

The classification of appendiceal mucinous tumors is controversial and terminology used for them inconsistent, particularly when they lack overtly malignant features but are associated with extra-appendiceal spread. We reviewed 107 appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and classified them as low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) (n = 88), mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACAs) (n = 16), or discordant (n = 3) based on architectural and cytologic features. LAMNs were characterized by a villous or flat proliferation of mucinous epithelium with low-grade atypia. Thirty-nine tumors were confined to the appendix, but 49 had extra-appendiceal tumor spread, including 39 with peritoneal tumor characterized by mucin pools harboring low-grade mucinous epithelium, usually dissecting in a hyalinized stroma. Eight of the 16 MACAs lacked destructive invasion of the appendiceal wall and eight showed an infiltrative pattern of invasion. Extra-appendiceal tumor spread was present in 12 MACAs (four peritoneum, seven peritoneum and ovaries; one ovaries only). In MACAs with an infiltrative pattern, peritoneal tumor consisted of glands and single cells in a desmoplastic stroma. The peritoneal tumor in the remaining cases consisted of mucin pools that contained mucinous epithelium with high-grade atypia and, in some cases, increased cellularity compared with that seen in peritoneal spread in cases of LAMN. Three cases were classified as discordant because the appendiceal tumors were LAMNs but the peritoneal tumors were high-grade. Follow-up was available for 49 LAMNs, 15 MACAs, and 2 discordant cases. None of the patients with LAMNs confined to the appendix experienced recurrence (median follow-up 6 years). LAMNs with extra-appendiceal spread were associated with 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of 100%, 86%, and 45%, respectively. Patients with MACA had 3- and 5-year survival rates of 90% and 44%, respectively (p = 0.04). The bulk of peritoneal disease correlated with prognosis among patients with MACA (p = 0.04) and, to a lesser degree, among patients with LAMNs (p = 0.07). We conclude that: 1) appendiceal mucinous neoplasms can be classified as either low-grade mucinous neoplasms or mucinous adenocarcinoma based on architectural and cytologic features; 2) tumors that can be confidently placed in the low-grade group (which requires rigorous pathologic evaluation of the appendix) and are confined to the appendix are clinically benign in our experience to date; 3) low-grade tumors confined to the appendix are morphologically identical to those with extra-appendiceal spread (except for the usual identification of breach of the wall in the latter cases) and the same designation is appropriate for the appendiceal neoplasia in each situation; 4) the long-term outlook for patients with low-grade tumors and peritoneal spread is guarded with just over half dying of disease after 10 years; 5) appendiceal mucinous tumors with destructive invasion of the appendiceal wall, complex epithelial proliferations, or high-grade nuclear atypia generally pursue an aggressive clinical course and should be classified as mucinous adenocarcinomas; 6) peritoneal tumor can be classified as involvement by LAMN or MACA, and this distinction is of prognostic significance; 7) bulky peritoneal tumor worsens prognosis; and 8) LAMNs associated with high-grade peritoneal tumor behave as adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1996

Five primary synchronous neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms in a single patient have been well documented in the literature over the past hundred years. The lesions can be limited to a single organ or involve multiple organ systems. It is relatively common for patients with colorectal carcinoma or carcinoid tumors to have more than one primary neoplasm. Colonic lesions can be synchronous or metachronous in presentation and colonic or extracolonic in location. We present a patient with five primary synchronous neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, involving the stomach, small bowel, and colon. The patient had no evidence of metastatic disease and underwent resection of all the lesions. This case illustrates the need for a thorough search for additional neoplasms in the treatment of patients with cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: an updated experience.

OBJECTIVE: To update the authors' experience with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. BACKGROUND DATA: IPMNs are intraductal mucin-producing cystic neoplasms of the pancreas with clear malignant potential. Since the authors' 2001 report, the number of IPMNs resected at our institution has more than doubled, providing an opportunity to define the clinical features of this distinct neoplasm. METHODS: All patients undergoing pancreatic resection for an IPMN at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1987 and March 2003 were evaluated. Noninvasive IPMNs were classified as "adenoma," "borderline," or "carcinoma-in situ" (CIS) depending on the degree of dysplasia within the specimen. Invasive cancers were classified as tubular, colloid, mixed, or anaplastic types. Pathology was retrospectively reviewed to identify main-duct or branch-duct origin of the tumors. Long-term overall survival for patients having IPMNs with invasive cancer was compared with those patients having IPMNs without an invasive component. RESULTS: Between January 1987 and March 2003, inclusive, 136 pancreatic resections were performed for patients with IPMNs, with 78 resections performed since January 2001. The mean age of the patients was 66.8 +/- 1.1 years, with 57% being male and 89% white. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 71% of patients, total pancreatectomy in 15%, distal pancreatectomy in 12%, and central pancreatic resection in 2%. IPMNs without evidence of invasive cancer were identified in 62% (n = 84) of patients (17% adenoma, 28% borderline, or 55% CIS). The remaining 38% (n = 52) of patients had IPMNs with associated invasive cancer (60% tubular, 27% colloid, 7% mixed, and 6% anaplastic). The mean age of patients with IPMN adenoma was 63.2 years, 66.7 years for those with borderline/CIS IPMNs, and 68.1 years for those with invasive cancer (P = 0.08, adenomas vs. invasive cancer). In those patients with invasive cancers, 15% had invasive cancer at the final surgical margin, 23% had IPMN without invasive cancer at the margin, and 54% had lymph node metastases. Residual IPMN was identified at the neck or uncinate margin in 24% of patients with noninvasive IPMNs. The overall 5-year survival for patients having IPMNs without invasive cancer was 77% (several deaths secondary to metachronous invasive cancer), compared with 43% in those patients with an invasive component (P < 0.0001). There were no differences in survival when comparing adenomas, borderline neoplasms, and CIS. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in survival when comparing branch-duct, main-duct, and combined variants; however, the branch-duct variants were more often noninvasive. For those patients with invasive IPMNs, 2-year survival was 40% when margins were positive for invasive cancer or for IPMN without invasive cancer, and 60% when margins were tumor-free (P = 0.15). Those patients with colloid carcinomas (n = 14) had improved survival compared with those with tubular carcinomas (n = 31), with 5-year survival rates of 83% and 24%, respectively. IPMN recurrences and deaths from cancer occurred in patients with both invasive and noninvasive IPMNs at initial resection. CONCLUSIONS: IPMNs continue to be recognized with increasing frequency. Five-year survival for those patients following resection of IPMNs with invasive cancer (43%) is improved compared with those patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the absence of IPMN (averages 15%-25%). Survival following resection of IPMNs without invasive cancer (regardless of degree of dyplasia) is good, but recurrent disease in the residual pancreas suggests that long-term surveillance is critical. Based on the age at resection data, there appears to be a 5-year lag time from IPMN adenoma (63.2 years) to invasive cancer (68.1 years).

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed2003

Analysis of the tumour suppressor genes, FHIT and WT-1, and the tumour rejection genes, BAGE, GAGE-1/2, HAGE, MAGE-1, and MAGE-3, in benign and malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands.

AIMS: Molecular genetic changes involved in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation of human tumours are novel targets of cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to analyse the expression of putative tumour suppressor genes, FHIT and WT-1, and tumour rejection genes, BAGE, GAGE-1/2, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, and HAGE (which are reported to be important in human cancers), in salivary gland neoplasms. METHODS: Gene expression was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in normal salivary gland tissue and 44 benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. RESULTS: Aberrant FHIT transcripts were found in one of 38 normal salivary glands, three of 28 adenomas, and two of 16 carcinomas. WT-1 mRNA was detectable in two adenomas and five carcinomas. Immunoblotting showed that WT-1 mRNA expression was associated with raised WT-1 protein concentrations. RT-PCR for detection of BAGE, GAGE, and MAGE gene expression was positive in two adenomas and nine carcinomas, but negative in normal salivary gland tissue. HAGE mRNA was found in two normal salivary glands, 11 benign, and eight malignant tumours. CONCLUSIONS: FHIT mRNA splicing does not appear to be involved in the genesis of salivary gland neoplasms. The upregulation of WT-1 mRNA in tumours of epithelial/myoepithelial phenotype may imply a potential role of WT-1 in the genesis and/or cellular differentiation of these salivary gland tumours. The tumour rejection genes were more frequently, but not exclusively, expressed in malignant salivary gland tumours than in benign neoplasms, although none was suitable as a diagnostic marker of malignancy in salivary gland neoplasms.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗

PubMed1989

Is there an association between gastric polyps and colonic neoplasms?

The association between colonic neoplasms and gastric polyps (GP) was evaluated. Two hundred and sixty patients with known colonic neoplasms undergoing gastroduodenoscopy for abdominal symptoms, with or without anemia, were evaluated for the occurrence of synchronous GP. There were 100 patients with 1-4 colonic adenomas, 80 patients with multiple (5 or more) colonic adenomas and 80 patients with colorectal cancer. One hundred patients free from colonic neoplasms, investigated for abdominal pain or anemia, served as controls. The overall occurrence of GP in patients with colonic neoplasms was 18.8% compared to 1% in the control group. Hyperplastic GP were found in 4, 22.5, 18.7 and 1% of these patients, respectively, while gastric adenomas occurred in 2, 3.7, 3.5 and 0%, respectively. Patients with colorectal cancer or multiple colonic adenomas had significantly more GP than patients with 0-4 colonic adenomas. It is suggested that gastroduodenoscopic evaluation should be performed in patients with colorectal cancer or with 5 or more colonic adenomas.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1989

Transplantation studies of preputial gland and epithelial skin neoplasms derived from benzidine-based dye carcinogenicity assays in Fischer 344 male rats.

Neoplasms of preputial gland and skin were obtained from Fischer 344 male rats on lifetime drinking water studies of the benzidine congener 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, C.I. Direct Blue 15 or C.I. Acid Red 114, bisazobiphenyl dyes derived from 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine and 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine. Portions of these well differentiated neoplasms were implanted into the left mammary fat pad of Fischer 344 male recipients. The rate of growth, presence of local invasion and distant metastases, and morphologic features were observed following 4 serial transplantations. All implants appeared early, grew rapidly, and were histomorphologically similar to the original neoplasms. Metastases from transplants were observed with both preputial gland and skin tumor lines in serial passages. The transplantation results confirm the malignant nature of these neoplasms.

Animals↗