Multimedia articles. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Cervical origin of the subclavian artery: imaging of a rare but clinically relevant anomaly.
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The feasibility of using the Internet for remote pathology consultation was examined. We assessed the diagnostic agreement between two groups of pathologists who independently evaluated histopathological cases exchanged by Internet electronic mail. The exchange was between two different workstations using readily available software not specifically developed for telemedicine. Data and images from 76 cases were transmitted to four pathologists. An average of 4.5 images per case were transmitted at compression ratios of between 6:1 and 40:1, corresponding to 250 kByte of data per case. In two cases the remote pathologists could not make a diagnosis. Agreement was reached in 63 of the other 74 (kappa = 0.79). In 11 cases (15%) there was a misdiagnosis. However, the results are encouraging and suggest that Internet electronic mail can be used successfully for remote consultation in pathology.
A system based on Macintosh, Hypercard and a local network was developed at the University and Hospital Department of Radiation Therapy, Florence, Italy, to manage the clinical records as a complex data structure (data, texts, drawings and image storage and retrieval). After 4 years, the system produces over 2000 new charts a year and manages more than 15,000 clinical records. Electronic records are produced, printed and updated in their traditional form to be put on file in our archive. On-line consultation of the clinical records is possible from every workstation of the structure even as it is producing, updating, or printing a chart. Physicians and clinical clerks, with different access privileges, currently use the system for all these purposes. The clinical records are typed by secretaries who receive dictation on microcassettes. No extra staff were necessary to set up and manage the system and training was simple. The new system changed neither the organization and structure of the traditional records, nor the flux of information; new tools (computers, printers and a network) were introduced to manage the information and the charts. The author describes the aims of the original project and the results.
For use on an Apple Macintosh PC, a software packet was developed with the aid of which medical students can learn all about primary open-angle glaucoma; at the same time, it is also highly suitable for supplementing lectures. The subject is subdivided into the three sections anatomy, pathology and clinical picture. All the possibilities of computer technology, for example controllable animation, video sequences and special graphic effects are utilized. A special lexicon, a complex of questions and all the possible cross-references combine to make the learning system a very flexible and highly effective learning tool.
We have incorporated a Monte Carlo module into a steady state nonequilibrium level III fugacity model in order to account for variability in degradation half-lives and observe the effects that this variability has on the model outputs. This method leads to a distribution of important output parameters such as the overall persistence time, which can be used in decision-making processes or risk assessment. For herbicides such as atrazine, where the emission rate primarily is to the soil compartment, it is shown that the main contribution to the variability in overall persistence time is the soil degradation half-life.
Interactive educational programs provide an excellent adjunct to traditional lectures. Unfortunately, interactive programs often require more computer resources and financial support than are available to most educators. Photo CD technology provides individual radiologists a way to create relatively inexpensive interactive teaching programs on PCs.
40 undergraduate students, none of whom were history or literature majors, attended a lecture on Medieval literature. For half the students the lecture was supplemented by two sets of slides. One set summarized course content while the second set contained slides of paintings or other forms of visual art which were only tangentially related to the topic. For the other half of the student-group, the lecture was supplemented by course content slides only. Students viewing symbolic slides had significantly higher test scores on a written 20-question multiple-choice test given immediately after the lecture.
A search system for the textbook of urology has been developed and evaluated. The textbook is written in Japanese with 1.4 megabytes of text and has about 1000 pictures. The contents of the textbook can be seen with English or Japanese medical terms. The system contains a dictionary of Japanese medical terms. The dictionary has a network structure based on Japanese ideographic characters. Such a search system is useful for physicians because of its speed and the widely spread medical knowledge of many authors of the textbook.
The elements of audiovisual productions are explained and illustrated, including words, moving images, still images, graphics, narration, music, landscape sounds, pacing and tilting and font styles. Three different production styles are analysed, and examples of those styles are discussed. Rules for writing spoken words, composing blocks of information, and explaining technical information to a lay audience are also provided. Storyboard and scripting forms and examples are included.
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Drawing upon the results of research from over 4,500 businesses that are now re-inventing themselves through the application of current information technology, the author envisions the informational characteristics of the behavioral healthcare enterprise of the future. The new technology will be open for all stakeholders in the healthcare system to interoperate, integrated between providers and facilities nationwide, decentralized, immediately accessible and continuously updating clinically useful information. Although the new information system architecture may not be fully implemented for another 10 to 15 years, the transformation is already well underway. New computer technology makes such a reinvention of the behavioral healthcare enterprise both possible and inevitable.