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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

"Asia is now the priority target for the world anti-tobacco movement": attempts by the tobacco industry to undermine the Asian anti-smoking movement.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify and examine the strategies utilised by multinational tobacco companies to undermine and discredit key anti-tobacco activists and organisations in the Asian region. METHOD: A series of case studies drawing upon material gathered through systematic reviews of internal tobacco industry documents. DATE SOURCES: Tobacco industry documents made public as part of the settlement of the Minnesota Tobacco Trial and the Master Settlement Agreement. RESULTS: The industry sought to identify, monitor, and isolate key individuals and organisations. The way industry went about fulfilling this mandate in the Asian region is discussed. Industry targetted individuals and agencies along with the region's primary anti-smoking coalition. CONCLUSIONS: Attack by multinational tobacco companies is a virtual quid pro quo for any individual or agency seriously challenging industry practices and policies. Understanding their tactics allows anticipatory strategies to be developed to minimise the effectiveness of these attacks.

Asia↗
PubMed2006

Non-rapid eye movement sleep with low muscle tone as a marker of rapid eye movement sleep regulation.

BACKGROUND: It was recently reported that epochs of non-REM sleep (NREMS) with low muscle tone represent a partial correlate of REM sleep (REMS). To further investigate this phenomenon, episodes of restricted night-time sleep (23:00-03.00 h) and subsequent morning sleep (10:00-13:00 h) were analysed. RESULTS: Epochs of NREMS with low muscle tone (NLMT) were identified. Their frequency was higher in morning sleep than in night sleep. At night, the latency to the first occurrence of NLMT showed a bimodal distribution with modes at sleep onset and close to REMS onset. In morning sleep, the distribution was unimodal with the mode at sleep onset. An episode of NLMT at sleep onset occurred in 35.5% of the night sleep episodes and in 60.9% of the morning sleep episodes without sleep onset REMS (SOREMS). Also SOREMS occurred predominantly in morning sleep. REMS episodes were longer and NREMS episodes shorter in morning sleep than in night sleep, whereas cycle duration did not differ. Simulating the time course of slow-wave activity revealed a close correspondence between empirical and computed values for night sleep, and some discrepancies for morning sleep. CONCLUSION: The results provide further evidence that NREMS with low muscle tone is a marker of REMS regulation. NLMT at sleep onset may represent an early manifestation of REMS.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of Ca-movement and mechanical movement in rabbit taenia coli by a smooth muscle relaxant (suloctidil).

A smooth muscle relaxant (suloctidil) relaxed a contractile response of taenia coli to acetylcholine and noncompetitively depressed a dose response curve of Cacl2 Ca-uptake by the microsomal fraction was inhibited by suloctidil. Its noncompetitive antiacetylcholine activity and inhibitory action on Ca-uptake were not influenced by an increase of external Ca-concentration. Ca-release from the Ca-incorporated microsomal fraction was not significantly influenced by suloctidil. These results suggest that suloctidil inhibit Ca-influx noncompetitively, thus inducing smooth muscle relaxation.

Animals↗