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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Evaluation of problem-based learning education after clerkship at the Chang Gung University School of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: The Chang Gung University School of Medicine adopted problem-based learning (PBL) education 3 years ago. A questionnaire was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of this teaching method, and the results were analyzed to determine statistical significance. METHODS: In June 2001, all the interns in the Medical and Surgical departments of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were compulsorily assessed using a newly developed questionnaire, which was provided to the residents, chief resident, and attending doctors. The questions involved the interns' ability to perform 10 essential skills, namely (1) problem searching, (2) problem solving, (3) initiative learning, (4) thinking process, (5) establishing the patient-doctor relationship, (6) establishing the doctor-nurse relationship, (7) interaction with peers, (8) professional knowledge, (9) clinical techniques, and (10) medical notes writing. Forty-three completed questionnaires, evaluating 25 interns, were returned. Of these 25 individuals, 14 had participated in PBL education and 11 had been taught using the conventional variant. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were demonstrated for gender or average school records between the interns who had been taught using the PBL and conventional methods. Statistically significant superiority was demonstrated for interns educated using PBL in three of 10 areas including, thinking process, professional knowledge, and clinical techniques. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the questionnaire results clearly demonstrated that the introduction of the PBL method of teaching at the university was efficacious in terms of the competence demonstrated by the interns when entering clinical practice.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1991

[EDP based medical records].

In our department we have begun to write our patients' medical history files in a computer data base. Each file is organized as a series of questions where it is possible to choose among several alternative answers instead of writing out each patient's history. We use a commercial software package modified to our specific needs. Statistical analysis of patients' files is included in the programme, to enable continuous quality control analysis of our performance.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMed1991

Cytokine production and lymphocyte transformation during stress.

The production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and blast transformation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed in medical students writing an academic examination. Blood samples were obtained on three occasions: (1) 1 month prior to the examination during a period of relatively low academic demand; (2) immediately after the examination; and (3) 10 days later. Results indicated that immune responses were significantly different immediately after the examination compared with the baseline and postexam measures. Lymphocyte responsiveness to both concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen was decreased, as was the production of IFN gamma, supporting earlier reports of immunosuppression after relatively commonplace stressors. In contrast to predictions, IL-1 beta production was significantly elevated after the examination. Cortisol levels were also measured, but did not change across the three sample points. Our finding of an increase in IL-1 beta production suggests that stress may have different effects on different cell populations by enhancing the responses of monocytes and depressing those of lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Edited correspondence on the status of homosexuality in DSM-III.

In 1973, after a prolonged period of social agitation and professional conflict, the American Psychiatric Association deleted homosexuality from its official listing of psychiatric disorders (DSM-II). In its place a new classification for homosexuals distressed over their orientation was to be included in DSM-II. Four years later an acrimonious dispute surfaced over the status of homosexuality in the revised APA nomenclature of disorders (DSM-III). The edited correspondence of the participants in this dispute is presented here as a way of revealing the lingering conflict over homosexuality within American psychiatry.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

Company observational post-marketing studies: drug risk assessment and drug research in special populations--a study-based analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Company observational post-marketing studies (COPS) claim to provide essential data about drug risks and effectiveness in special populations not admitted to pre-approval clinical trials. Since COPS are often mainly regarded as a marketing activity, this study-based analysis tries to evaluate the scientific contributions of COPS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five COPS were identified by hand-searching through medical journals, writing to pharmaceutical manufacturers and using MEDLINE. Fourteen COPS evaluated cardiovascular drugs, 9 evaluated NSAIDs and 12 evaluated various other indications. RESULTS: Thirty-five COPS listed effectiveness, 31 listed safety and 8 listed patient compliance as principal objectives. Not a single COPS included a control group. Seventeen of 21 evaluable COPS mentioned extensive exclusion criteria similar to those in clinical trials. Median observation time was 8 weeks, too short for chronic diseases and for adverse drug reactions with longer latency periods. One new adverse event was regarded. Global assessments of the outcomes by physicians dominated and were not based on objective clinical findings. None of the studies specified any details concerning the standardisation of observations or quality-control procedures. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The current COPS scheme does not contribute significantly to our knowledge of drug safety and the effects in special populations. Despite serious criticism over the past 20 years, the poor quality of COPS compared with dramatic improvements of pre-approval trials - implies a need for detailed guidelines for non-experimental phase IV research, similar to the Good Clinical Practice-Guideline of the European Community.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2003

[Official health certificates between the legal obligation to professional secrecy and the patient's privacy].

Public health officers have to write a medical certificate for public authorities requesting them to do so. This certificate is to contain all the results of medical examinations required for the respective purpose, thus enabling the recipient authorities to take the decisions incumbent on them, such as those judging fitness for service or entitlement to claim. In case the persons concerned agree, a transmission of data is admissible independent of statutory provisions. However, this should always be oriented towards minimum data transmission. Nevertheless, lack of consent or even an adverse intention of the person concerned cannot serve as a blockade in so far as the public health officer has complied with current criminal and data privacy regulations.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2003

AMEE Guide No. 25: The assessment of learning outcomes for the competent and reflective physician.

Two important features of contemporary medical education are recognized. The first is an emphasis on assessment as a tool to ensure quality in training programmes, to motivate students and to direct what they learn. The second is a move to outcome-based education where the learning outcomes are defined and decisions about the curriculum are based on these. These two trends are closely related. If teachers are to do a better job of assessing their students, they need an understanding of the assessment process, an appreciation of the learning outcomes to be assessed and a recognition of the most appropriate tools to assess each outcome. Assessment tools selected should be valid, reliable, practical and have an appropriate impact on student learning. The preferred assessment tool will vary with the outcome to be assessed. It is likely to be some form of written test, a performance test such as an OSCE in which the student's competence can be tested in a simulated situation, and a test of the student's behaviour over time in clinical practice, based on tutors' reports and students' portfolios. An assessment profile can be produced for each student which highlights the learning outcomes the student has achieved at the required standard and other outcomes where this is not the case. For educational as well as economic reasons, there should be collaboration across the continuum of education in test development as it relates to the assessment of learning outcomes and in the implementation of a competence-based approach to assessment.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Student voices.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗