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PubMed1996

Detection of sex-determining region in a male with chromosomal abnormality (46,X+mar) and hypospadias.

A 1-year-old boy was referred to us because of abnormal external genitalia; that is, his penis was kinked toward the perineal region. We diagnosed hypospadias. Chromosomal examination was performed on a sample of peripheral blood, the karyotype was 46,X+mar. Detailed karyotypic analysis revealed that the short arm of the marker chromosome originated on the ninth chromosome, but we could not determine whether the long arm was part of the Y chromosome, even with the use of quinacrine mustard. The sex-determining region of the Y was detected using the polymerase chain reaction method, which suggested that the long arm of the marker chromosome was delivered from the short arm of the Y chromosome.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Effects of lovastatin on ApoA- and ApoB-containing lipoproteins. Families in a subpopulation of patients participating in the Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS).

To establish whether lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, exhibits a specific effect on apolipoprotein (apo) A- and apoB-containing lipoproteins, 63 subjects, a subset of the 270 Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS) patients with hypercholesterolemia (190 to 295 mg/dL) and documented coronary artery disease, were randomized into either lovastatin 40 mg twice daily or matching placebo tablets twice daily. Both groups consumed a diet containing 27% calories as fat (polyunsaturated fat/saturated fat ratio, 2.85) and a daily cholesterol intake of less than 250 mg. The plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were determined at the time of randomization and after 2 years of treatment, and the levels of apoA- and apoB-containing lipoprotein families were measured after 2 years of treatment. After this treatment period, the drug group was characterized in comparison with the placebo group by significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (33%), triglycerides (30%), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (36%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (43%), apoB (36%), apoC-III (18%), and apoE (17%) and slightly but insignificantly increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (6%) and apoA-I (1%). The 2-year levels of lipoprotein containing apoA-I but no apoA-II (LpA-I) and lipoprotein containing both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II) particles separated by immunoaffinity chromatography on an anti-apoA-II immunosorber did not differ between the two treatment groups. However, the apoB-containing lipoprotein (Lp) families defined by apolipoprotein composition and separated by immunoaffinity chromatography on anti-apoA-II and anti-apoC-III immunosorbers were affected in a selective manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Micro-Mar: a database for dynamic representation of marine microbial biodiversity.

BACKGROUND: The cataloging of marine prokaryotic DNA sequences is a fundamental aspect for bioprospecting and also for the development of evolutionary and speciation models. However, large amount of DNA sequences used to quantify prokaryotic biodiversity requires proper tools for storing, managing and analyzing these data for research purposes. DESCRIPTION: The Micro-Mar database has been created to collect DNA diversity information from marine prokaryotes for biogeographical and ecological analyses. The database currently includes 11874 sequences corresponding to high resolution taxonomic genes (16S rRNA, ITS and 23S rRNA) and many other genes including CDS of marine prokaryotes together with available biogeographical and ecological information. CONCLUSION: The database aims to integrate molecular data and taxonomic affiliation with biogeographical and ecological features that will allow to have a dynamic representation of the marine microbial diversity embedded in a user friendly web interface. It is available online at http://egg.umh.es/micromar/.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

The role of the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) in the management of liver failure.

Albumin-bound toxins accumulate in liver failure, and are believed to contribute to the development of the associated end-organ dysfunctions (kidney, circulation, brain). The scavenging functions of albumin are utilized in albumin dialysis for toxin removal. The Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) is an extracorporeal liver support device based on dialysis across an albumin-impregnated membrane, using 20% albumin as dialysate. Charcoal and anion exchange resin columns in the circuit help cleanse and regenerate the dialysate. Clinical studies over the last decade have demonstrated proven reduction in hyperbilirubinaemia, along with an improvement in hepatic encephalopathy, systemic haemodynamics and renal function in liver failure patients, as well as apparent improvement in survival. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these observed clinical changes are as yet unclear. The results of larger controlled clinical trials, as well as studies investigating the pathophysiological basis of its effect, are awaited.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

A survey of propulsion options for cargo and piloted missions to Mars.

In this paper, high-power electric propulsion options are surveyed in the context of cargo and piloted missions to Mars. A low-thrust trajectory optimization program (raptor) is utilized to analyze this mission. Candidate thrusters are chosen based upon demonstrated performance in the laboratory. Hall, self-field magnetoplasmadynamic (MPDT), self-field lithium Lorentz force accelerator (LiLFA), arcjet, and applied-field LiLFA systems are considered for this mission. In this first phase of the study, all thrusters are assumed to operate at a single power level (regardless of the efficiency-power curve), and the thruster specific mass and power plant specific mass are taken to be the same for all systems. Under these assumptions, for a 7.5 MW, 60 mT payload, piloted mission, the self-field LiLFA results in the shortest trip time (340 days) with a reasonable propellant mass fraction of 57% (129 mT). For a 150 kW, 9 mT payload, cargo mission, both the applied-field LiLFA and the Hall thruster seem reasonable choices with propellant mass fractions of 42 to 45%(7 to 8 mT). The Hall thrusters provide better trip times (530-570 days) compared to the applied-field LiLFA (710 days) for the relatively less demanding mission.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Wardium paucispinosum sp. n. (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae), parasite of Larus maculipennis (Aves: Laridae) in Mar del Plata, Argentina; with comments on Wardium semiductilis (Szidat, 1964) comb. n.

A new species Wardium paucispinosum (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) parasite from the intestine of Larus maculipennis (Lichtenstein) from Mar del Plata, Argentina is described. The distinctive features of the new species are: strobilar length 52.8 mm; 10 aploparaksoid rostellar hooks, 14 (12-17) microm long; ratio between cirrus pouch length and mature proglottid width (CPL/MPW) 0.38 (0.27-0.50); regular cylindrical evaginated cirrus, 90 x 10 microm, with distal end without spines and proximal and medium thirds covered with spines 7 microm long; simple tubular membranous vagina, 110 x 10 microm, without sclerotised portions and sphincters; eggs fusiform, 77 x 44 microm. Besides, Hymenolepis semidutctilis Szidat, 1964, from the intestine of Larus dominicanus and L. maculipennis from Santa Fe, Argentina is transferred to the genus Wardium Mayhew, 1925, based on the presence and shape of the rostellar hooks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: culicidae) in areas of Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil. I - monthly frequency and climatic factors.

The ecology of mosquitoes were studied (Diptera: Culicidae) in areas of Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Systematized monthly human bait collections were made three times a day, for periods of 2 or 3 h each, in sylvatic and rural areas for 24 consecutive months (January 1991 to December 1992). A total of 24, 943 specimens of adult mosquitoes belonging to 57 species were collected during 622 collective periods. Coquillettidia chrysonotum was the most frequent collected mosquito (45.8%) followed by Aedes serratus (6.8%), Cq. venezuelensis (6.5%), Psorophora ferox (5.2) and Ps. albipes (3.1%). The monthly averages of temperature and relative humidity were inserted in the ten-year average limits of maximum and minimum of the previous ten-years. Rainfall accompanied the curve of the ten-year averages. Those climatic factors were influential in the incidence of some species; temperature: Anopheles cruzii, An. mediopunctatus, Ae. scapularis, Ae. fulvus, Cq. chrysonotum, Cq. venezuelensis, Runchomyia reversa, Wyeomyia dyari, Wy. confusa, Wy. shannoni, Wy. theobaldi and Limatus flavisetosus; relative humidity: Ae. serratus, Ae. scapularis, Cq. venezuelensis and Ru. reversa; rainfall: An. cruzii, Ae. scapularis, Ae. fulvus, Cq. venezuelensis Ru. reversa, Wy. theobaldi and Li. flavisetosus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in areas of Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil. II - habitat distribution.

The mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) ecology was studied in areas of Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Systematized biweekly human bait collections were made three times a day, for periods of 2 or 3 h each, in sylvatic and rural areas for 24 consecutive months (January 1991 to December 1992). A total of 24, 943 adult mosquitoes belonging to 57 species were collected during 622 collective periods. Aedes scapularis, Coquillettidia chrysonotum, Cq. venezuelensis, Wyeomyia dyari, Wy. longirostris, Wy. theobaldi and Wy. palmata were more frequently collected at swampy and at flooded areas. Anopheles mediopunctatus, Culex nigripalpus, Ae. serratus, Ae. fulvus, Psorophora ferox, Ps. albipes and the Sabethini in general, were captured almost exclusively in forested areas. An. cruzii, An. oswaldoi and An. fluminensis were captured more frequently in a residence area. However, Cx. quinquefasciatus was the only one truly eusynanthropic. An. cruzii and Ae. scapularis were captured feeding on blood inside and around the residence, indicating that both species, malaria and arbovirus vectors respectively, may be involved in the transmission of these such diseases in rural areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in areas of Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil. III. Daily biting rhythms and lunar cycle influence.

The ecology of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) was studied in areas of the Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The influence of the lunar cycle and the daily biting rhythms of mosquito populations were analyzed. Systematized biweekly human bait collections were made in a silvatic environment for 24 consecutive months (January 1991 to December 1992). A total of 20,591 specimens of adult mosquitoes belonging to 55 species were collected from 545 catches. Sabethini species were captured exclusively during daylight periods, with the exception of Trichoprosopon digitatum, while members of Anophelinae predominated during nocturnal hours. Members of the subfamily Culicinae that were collected primary during nocturnal periods included Culex nigripalpus, Coquillettidia chrysonotum and Cq. venezuelensis while daytime catches included Psorophora ferox and Ps. albipes. Others members of culicines mosquitoes that were collected during both day and night included: Aedes serratus, Ae. scapularis and Ae. fulvus. Lunar cycles did not appear to influence the daily biting rhythms of most mosquito species in the area, but larger numbers of mosquitoes were collected during the new moon. Ae. scapularis were captured mainly during the full moon.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Population dynamics of Aedes albifasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) south of Mar Chiquita Lake, central Argentina.

Spatial and temporal changes in the abundance of adult female Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus (Macquart) were studied using CDC miniature light traps at 7 sites along an 80-km transect parallel to the southern shore of Mar Chiquita Lake (central Argentina) during the rainy seasons between 1994 and 1997. Abundance was greatest and most variable at sites near larval habitats. Rainfall and an index combining rainfall and temperature predicted adult female abundance near larval habitats 7-15 d in advance. The spatial distribution of population abundance seemed to be influenced strongly by local factors, because temporal change at sampling sites located >10 km apart was asynchronous.

Aedes↗
PubMed1999

MARs of antigen receptor and co-receptor genes.

MARs are cis-acting DNA sequences that function both negatively and positively in conjunction with transcriptional enhancers to regulate antigen receptor and co-receptor genes. Evidence exists that certain tissue-specific nuclear proteins are involved in this regulation, including SATB1, Bright, and Cux/CDP, possibly by modulating intranuclear gene location, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and/or nucleosome positioning.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A new species of Dichelyne (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) parasitizing Pogonias cromis (Pisces: Sciaenidae) from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina.

A new nematode species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) mariajuliae n. sp., is described based on specimens collected from the black drum, Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766), from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (37 degrees 32'S, 57 degrees 19'W) (prevalence 75%, mean intensity 3.75). Among Dichelyne (Cucullanellus), the new species is unique in having the papillae 2 situated at the level of ventral sucker in males and bearing subcuticular ornamentation in the female tail.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Unichrom, a novel nuclear matrix protein, binds to the Ars insulator and canonical MARs.

Eukaryotic genomic DNA is organized into loop structures by attachments to the nuclear matrix. These attachments to the nuclear matrix have been supposed to form the boundaries of chromosomal DNA. Insulators or boundary elements are defined by two characteristics: they interrupt promoter-enhancer communications when inserted between them, and they suppress the silencing of transgenes stably integrated into inactive chromosomal domains. We recently identified an insulator element in the upstream region of the sea urchin arylsulfatase (HpArs) gene that shows both enhancer blocking and suppression of position effects. Here, we report that Unichrom, originally identified by its G-stretch DNA binding capability, is a nuclear matrix protein that binds to the Ars insulator and canonical nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs). We also show that Unichrom recognizes the minor groove of the AT-rich region within the Ars insulator, which may have a base-unpairing property, as well as the G-stretch DNA. Furthermore, Unichrom selectively interacts with poly(dG).poly(dC), poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly(dAT).poly(dAT), but not with poly(dGC).poly(dGC). Unichrom also shows high affinity for single-stranded G- and C-stretches. We discuss the DNA binding motif of Unichrom and the function of Unichrom in the nuclear matrix.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Molecular analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistance in Escherichia coli on the aspect of gyrase and multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) genes.

We analyzed the fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism of 28 isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli from patients who received ciprofloxacin as a regimen of a selective gut decontamination. Isolates distinctive by infrequent restriction site polymerase chain reaction (IRS-PCR) were subjected to Hinf I restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and nucleotide sequencing of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) in gyrA. Double mutations in QRDR of gyrA (Ser83 Leu and Asp87Asn) were found from most of the strains. Nucleotide sequencing of the marR locus showed that 18 out of 28 (64%) ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli strains had three types of base change in marR loci: a double-base change at nucleotides 1628 and 1751, or 1629 and 1751: and a single-base change at 1751. However, all the mutated strains showed no tolerance to cyclohexane test, suggesting the mutation in the marR region had no influence on overexpression of the MarA protein. In conclusion, mutation in gyrA was the main mechanism of ciporfloxacin resistance in E. coli from patients with selective gut decontamination. Therefore, mutation in the mar region did not influence the levels of ciprofloxacin resistance in our isolates.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed2004

[Albumin dialysis MARS (Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System) as a bridge for liver transplantation in acute liver failure. Report of three cases].

The most successful therapy for acute liver failure is liver transplantation. However, due to the low number of donors, organ support therapies need to be used as a bridge to liver transplantation. Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) is a dialysis treatment that uses a recirculating dialysate containing albumin. This allows the removal of both hydrosoluble and albumin-related substances. This system improves hepatic encephalopathy, renal dysfunction and some clinical parameters in acute liver failure, but there is no clear decrease in mortality. We report three women aged 23, 21 and 61 years, that were subjected to liver transplantation, in whom this therapy was successfully used.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

Ecology of California encephalitis viruses on the Del Mar Va Peninsula. I. Virus isolations from mosquitoes.

The ecology of California encephalitis viruses was studied on the Del Mar Va Peninsula. Adult mosquitoes were collected weekly from May to October of 1971 and monthly from May to October of 1972, using CDC miniature light traps with Dry Ice. Floodwater mosquitoes were assayed for virus in suckling mice or cell cultures. In 1971 over 77,000 mosquitoes were processed, resulting in 33 virus isolations. In 1972, over 106,000 were processed and 63 virus strains were recovered. Of the 1971 strains, all but one were recovered from Aedes atlanticus mosquitoes, and of the 1972 strains all but two were recovered from A. atlanticus. All A. atlanticus strains were neutralized by Keystone virus mouse hyperimmune ascitic fluid (MHAF). All other strains were recovered from A. canadensis mosquitoes. The single 1971 strain, and one strain from 1972, were neutralized by Jamestown Canyon MHAF. The remaining strain was neutralized by Keystone MHAF. The rate of virus recovery from A. atlanticus remained approximately the same, both between years and during each year studied, even during periods when large numbers of adults were emerging, suggesting that these mosquitoes had emerged infected.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A case of male infertility with a chromosomal abnormality of 45, X/46, X + mar].

A 28-year-old man visited our hospital with a complaint of male infertility. His development was normal with body size of 169.5 cm in height and muscular type. His beard and axillary and pubic hairs were male type. The penis and scrotum were also normal, but testes were small (8 ml, bilateral). Semen analysis revealed azoospermia. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels are within normal range but follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was moderately elevated. Testicular biopsy specimen showed severely hyalinized seminiferous tubuli, incarceration of basement membrane and hyperplasia of Leydig cells. Johnsen's score count was two. Chromosomal analysis revealed a mosaic type of 45, X/46, X + mar. We tried to confirm the existence of sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) by the DNA analysis. It was shown that SRY on genomic DNA fragment. This marker chromosome may be translocated to a fragment of the short arm of Y chromosome.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Functional analysis of DNA sequences located within a cluster of DNase I hypersensitive sites colocalizing with a MAR element at the upstream border of the chicken alpha-globin gene domain.

We have cloned and sequenced a genomic DNA fragment of chicken containing a cluster of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHS) located 11-15 kb upstream from the first gene of the alpha-globin gene domain and including a constitutive DHS flanked by two erythroid-specific ones. A 1.2-kb subfragment of the DNA fragment under study located upstream to the constitutive DHS and colocalizing roughly with one of the erythroid-specific DHS was shown to possess the properties of a matrix association region (MAR). The cloned DNA sequences were tested for their ability to serve as promoters and/or influence transcription from the promoter of the alphaD globin gene. In the region studied, we did not find any promoters or enhancers that were active in erythroid cells. The whole DNase I hypersensitive region and some of its subfragments showed a silencing effect when placed downstream from the reporter gene. The expression of the reporter gene was completely abolished, however, when these DNA fragments were placed between the alphaD promoter and the reporter gene. Thus, they seem to act as transcription "terminators." Numerous polyadenylation signals (AATAAA) and an AT-rich palindrome were found within the sequenced DNA fragment. These observations are discussed within the frame of the hypothesis postulating that continuous transcription is essential for maintaining the active status of genomic domains. Furthermore, it is suggested that the DNA fragment studied contains a negative control element that keeps globin genes silent within the chromatin domain permanently open in nonerythroid cells.

Animals↗